scholarly journals Parasympathetic Ganglion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Parasympathetic Ganglion

Morphogenesis of adrenergic cells in a frog parasympathetic ganglion

1991 ◽  
Vol 308 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. David Heathcote ◽  
Aileen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Parasympathetic Ganglion

Some Observations on the Physiology and Pharmacology of the Nerve Endings in the Crop and Gizzard of the Earthworm, with Special Reference to the Effects of Cooling

1945 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
N. AMBACHE ◽  
A. ST J. DIXON ◽  
E. A. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Cholinergic Nerve ◽  
Enteric Plexus ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglion

1. The effect of cooling on the properties of the crop and gizzard of the earthworm has been investigated. Evidence is advanced that the rhythmic movements of the ‘warm’ preparation are neurogenic in origin and peristaltic in nature. They are abolished by nicotine and by cooling, but not by atropine. 2. Acetylcholine contracts the muscle in the crop and gizzard. This effect is abolished by atropine. The excitability of the muscle to acetylcholine is not lost after cooling. 3. Peristalsis is accompanied in the ‘warm’ preparation by a continual liberation of acetylcholine. This is absent in cold preparations. The disappearance of rhythmic activity in these is associated with the loss of acetylcholine synthesis. 4. In the ‘warm’ crop and gizzard, potassium produces contraction which is enhanced by eserine, but not abolished by nicotine or by atropine. With higher doses of potassium, stimulation is followed by inhibition. After short periods of cooling, the motor response to potassium is lost, but the inhibitory effect is still present. Prolonged cooling abolishes both actions. It is suggested that the augmentor action of potassium is due to an intermediate release of acetylcholine from the cholinergic nerve endings, and the inhibitory action to a liberation of adrenaline from the adrenergic nerves in the crop and gizzard. 5. Calcium inhibits the rhythmic activity of ‘warm’ preparations, and the effect of potassium. It has no action on cooled preparations, and in these it does not affect the contractions produced by acetylcholine. It is suggested that calcium acts on ‘warm’ preparations by preventing the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve endings. 6. The action of adrenaline on ‘warm’ preparations is twofold: small doses have an augmentor effect; larger doses are inhibitory. After cooling, adrenaline has no action by itself. It is suggested that the augmentor effect of adrenaline is due to an improvement in acetylcholine-transmission at the cholinergic nerve endings. 7. Small doses of barium contract the ‘warm’ preparation. This action is inhibited by calcium, abolished by nicotine, and is lost after cooling. It is suggested that the action of such doses of barium is due to a stimulation of parasympathetic ganglion cells. 8. The presence of multipolar nerve cells in the enteric plexus was demonstrated in histological sections of the crop and gizzard. These were found lying between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers, in a position analogous to that of Auerbach's plexus.

Physiological and pharmacological response of canine bronchial smooth muscle in situ

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Hendrix ◽  
N. M. Munoz ◽  
A. R. Leff
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Bronchial Smooth Muscle ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglion ◽  
The Right

We studied the isometric response of bronchial smooth muscle in a single third-order bronchus of 24 dogs in situ. Length-tension studies were performed in six dogs by repeated injection of 10(-5) mol acetylcholine (ACh) into the right bronchoesophageal artery, and the resting tension (30.6 +/- 6.9 g/cm) and length (0.76 +/- 0.14 cm) permitting maximal contraction were determined. In eight other dogs, dose-related bronchial contraction was obtained with 10(-10) to 10(-5) mol intra-arterial (ia) ACh. Supramaximal electrical stimulation of the right cervical vagus nerve and bronchial parasympathetic ganglion stimulation with ia 1–1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) also caused bronchial contraction. The maximal response to ia ACh (28.5 +/- 1.7 g/cm), supramaximal electrical stimulation (15.2 +/- 1.1 g/cm), and ia DMPP (10.5 +/- 3.0 g/cm) was blocked by an ia dose of atropine (1–5 micrograms/kg) that did not alter the sympathetic relaxation response in the trachea. In four dogs, the bronchial response to sympathetic activation was studied by intravenous (iv) bolus injection of DMPP after cholinergic blockade with atropine. DMPP (25 micrograms/kg iv) caused 9.5 +/- 2.2 g/cm bronchial relaxation, which was blocked completely by 2–4 mg/kg iv propranolol. In six other dogs, hypoxia induced by ventilation with pure nitrogen caused bronchial contraction, which was blocked by vagotomy, atropine, and hexamethonium. We report a sensitive method for selective measurement of bronchial smooth muscle response in a single resistance bronchus. This preparation preserves regional innervation and circulation and permits selective physiological stimulation in situ.

Effect of bradykinin on membrane properties of guinea pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglion neurons

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. L485-L491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Kajekar ◽  
Allen C. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Induced Membrane ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Hoe 140 ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The effect of bradykinin on membrane properties of parasympathetic ganglion neurons in isolated guinea pig bronchial tissue was studied using intracellular recording techniques. Bradykinin (1–100 nM) caused a reversible membrane potential depolarization of ganglion neurons that was not associated with a change in input resistance. The selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE-140 inhibited bradykinin-induced membrane depolarizations. Furthermore, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin attenuated bradykinin-induced membrane depolarizations to a similar magnitude (∼70%) as HOE-140. However, neurokinin-1 and -3 receptor antagonists did not have similar inhibitory effects. The ability of bradykinin to directly alter active properties of parasympathetic ganglion neurons was also examined. Bradykinin (100 nM) significantly reduced the duration of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed four consecutive action potentials. The inhibitory effect of bradykinin on the AHP response was reversed by HOE-140 but not by indomethacin. These results indicate that bradykinin can stimulate airway parasympathetic ganglion neurons independent of sensory nerve activation and provide an alternative mechanism for regulating airway parasympathetic tone.

In vivo activity of tracheal parasympathetic ganglion cells innervating tracheal smooth muscle

1987 ◽  
Vol 437 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Mitchell ◽  
Dorothy A. Herbert ◽  
David G. Baker ◽  
Carol B. Basbaum
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Tracheal Smooth Muscle ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglion

The development of chemosensitivity in extrasynaptic areas of the neuronal surface after denervation of parasympathetic ganglion cells in the heart of the frog

1971 ◽  
Vol 177 (1049) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglion

1. The vagosympathetic trunks innervating the heart of the frog were cut on both sides. Two to 28 days following this denervation the chemosensitivity of the surface of the denervated neurons was explored with iontophoretic microapplication of ACh to restricted areas. 2. While in normally innervated neurons the synaptic areas alone are highly chemosensitive, after denervation the whole cell surface becomes sensitive to ACh. Synaptic transmission fails on the second day (30 to 40 h) after denervation (in frogs kept at 22 to 24 °C) and at the same time new chemoreceptive areas start to appear. After 4 to 8 days this development of chemosensitivity has reached a peak and remains at the same level for 4 weeks (the longest period of the present tests). 3. Measurements of chemosensitivity from different cells in different animals were compared. The finely localized chemosensitivity at synaptic areas in normally innervated neurons was of similar magnitude as the uniformly distributed sensitivity in denervated neurons.

scholarly journals Correlation between the function of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in parasympathetic ganglion

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Kohtaro Taniyama ◽  
Masato Kusunoki ◽  
Naoaki Saito ◽  
Yukiko Miki ◽  
Makoto Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglion
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