scholarly journals Superior Constrictor Muscle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Superior Constrictor

Velopharyngeal Anatomy

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ross Dickson ◽  
Wilma Maue Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Superior Constrictor ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Membranous Wall

The velopharyngeal area was studied in seven adult and six fetal heads by gross microscopic dissection, and in one additional fetal head by histologic sectioning and staining. In all cases except one, fibers of the superior constrictor muscle were found to insert into the velum. The salpingopharyngeus muscle was absent bilaterally in six of the 14 heads and was sparse in those heads where it was present. The tensor palatini muscle attached to the lateral membranous wall of the eustachian tube in all cases. The levator palatini muscle always lay lateral to the torus tubarius and inserted into the velum over a broad area extending from the region of the anterior aponeurosis to near the uvula. Speculations regarding muscle function in velopharyngeal closure are presented.

scholarly journals Thorwaldt’s Cyst: Management by Combined Endoscopic Approach and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essa Tawfeeq
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Superior Constrictor ◽  
Pharyngeal Endoderm

Thornwaldt cysts occur in the midline bursa of the nasopharynx above the upper border of the superior constrictor muscle. They represent a communication between notochord remnants and the pharyngeal endoderm. It is usually asymptomatic unless an infection or obstruction occurs, then, a Thornwaldt's cyst might develop. It is relatively uncommon, with a prevalence rate of 0.2% to 4%. Due to its nonspecific symptoms, physician often misdiagnose thornwaldt cyst. It is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding on MRI. Surgical excision is the definitive treatment. This paper describes a case of thornwaldt cyst in a 39 years old gentleman presented with neck stiffness. It also includes a literature review that aids in the clinical suspicion, prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of thornwald cyst.

OC-0060: Contouring of the pharyngeal superior constrictor muscle. A cooperative study of the AIRO Head and Neck Group

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. S22-S23
Author(s):  
D. Alterio ◽  
D. Ciardo ◽  
A. Argenone ◽  
O. Caspiani ◽  
R. Micera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cooperative Study ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Superior Constrictor

Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide-like Immunoreactive Motoneurons Innervating the Canine Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

1994 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Hisa ◽  
Nobuhisa Tadaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Uno ◽  
Hitoshi Okamura ◽  
Jun-Ichi Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Migration of an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Screw into the Constrictor Muscle of the Hypopharynx

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dahm ◽  
Darlington Nwaudo ◽  
Zhen Gooi ◽  
Michael Lee ◽  
Mostafa El Dafrawy
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Constrictor Muscle

Combined Infrahyoid and Inferior Constrictor Muscle Release for Tension-Free Anastomosis during Primary Tracheal Repair

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh F. Biller ◽  
Michael A. Munier
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Operative Technique ◽  
Perioperative Management ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Primary Anastomosis ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Tension Free ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Free Closure ◽  
Combined Technique

Although tracheal stenosis is not a common clinical entity, it still presents a significant management problem, despite recent endoscopic advances. Surgical correction by resection and primary anastomosis is the preferred treatment, provided the repair can be performed without excessive tension. Various release techniques have been described in order to achieve mobility and, thereby, a tension-free anastomosis. This article presents a combined infrahyoid muscle and inferior constrictor muscle release to assure maximum mobility of the laryngotracheal complex, thus allowing tension-free closure. A series of ten patients who underwent primary repair using the combined technique is presented, and the operative technique is described. The indications, age, length of stenosis, and minimum 1 year followup of these patients are presented, as well as perioperative management and complications. The success rate with this technique is 90%.

Electrical Activity from the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor During Reflexive and Nonreflexive Tasks

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne L. Perlman ◽  
Erich S. Luschei ◽  
Charles E. Du Mond
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Normal Human

The purpose of this investigation was to determine, in a quantitative manner, which, if any, nonswallowing tasks produce significant levels of activation in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of normal human subjects. Bipolar hooked wire electrodes were inserted in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of 15 healthy subjects. Electrode placement was controlled. Each subject performed two reflexive tasks, six voluntary tasks requiring phonation, and four nonspeech voluntary tasks. The electromyogram (EMG) was rectified and integrated. The resulting number was then transformed by taking its natural logarithm. An ANOVA was performed and a linear model was estimated. The magnitude of the EMG activity was related to the location of the electrodes. The largest values were recorded in the lateral-superior placement, followed by the lateral-inferior, medial-inferior and medial-superior. The superior pharyngeal contrictor was found to be a muscle activated primarily during reflexive activity. There was a general trend in the amplitude of EMG activity in relationship to task. Swallowing produced the greatest amount of activity and a gag produced about 60% of the activity produced by the swallow. Two tasks, production of the work /hk/ in which the phoneme /k/ was stressed, and a "modified Valsalva," which was actually a hard /k/ held for several seconds, produced the next greatest level of EMG.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous Emphysema Secondary to Tonsillectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Vivek Sasindran ◽  
Vijay Stephen ◽  
Lakshana Deve
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Subcutaneous Emphysema ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Tonsillar Fossa ◽  
Superior Constrictor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fatal Complications

ABSTRACT Background Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. However, it can potentially be associated with several complications. One of the very rare complications post-tonsillectomy in adults is subcutaneous emphysema, as in our case here. Although, most reported cases are resolved spontaneously, it may lead to fatal complications, like tension pneumothorax. Case report Tonsillectomy was performed on an adult patient with history of frequent tonsillitis. The patient developed facial subcutaneous emphysema 48 hours after the surgery (evident by clinical and radiological examination) that resolved within 2 days without further complications. Conclusion Tonsil should be removed along with tonsilar capsule. If tonsillectomy causes deeper than usual mucosal tear up to the level of the muscles, then air might pass into the subcutaneous tissue through the tonsillar fossa and superior constrictor muscle into fascial layers of neck. Emphysema can then spread to parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal spaces and mediastinum with its related morbidity. Though a rare complication, all otorhinolaryngologists must be aware of this complication and its management. How to cite this article Abraham SS, Stephen V, Deve L, Kurien M. Subcutaneous Emphysema Secondary to Tonsillectomy. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):78-80.

scholarly journals Anatomical landmarks of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Viktor Y. Malyuga ◽  
Aleksandr A. Kuprin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Oblique Line ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor ◽  
Line Type

Background. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates a cricothyroid muscle, which provides tension in vocal cords and formation of high-frequency sounds. When the nerve is damaged during surgery, patients may notice hoarseness, inability to utter high pitched sounds, “rapid fatigue” of the voice, and dysphagia. According to literature, paresis of an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve reaches up to 58% after thyroid surgery. Aim: to identify permanent landmarks and topographic variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Materials and methods. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identified two permanent landmarks that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and we made metrical calculations relative to them: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Results. The piercing point of the nerve is always located at the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle without protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The nerve had the parallel direction in 92.8% of cases (angel less than 30 degrees) relative to the oblique line and in 85.7% cases it was in close proximity to this line (at distance up to 4 mm). The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of the piercing point of the nerve relative to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and the risk of nerve damage. In 14.2% of cases, the piercing point was in the front third of the line (type I), and in 50% it was in the middle third of this line (type II). These variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could have lead to its damage during surgery. In type III and IV (35.8%) – the piercing point in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland and the greater part of the nerve was covered with the fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Conclusion. We identified the main orienteers for the search and proposed anatomical classification of the location of the external branch on the superior laryngeal nerve.

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