scholarly journals Middle Constrictor Muscle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Constrictor Muscle

Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide-like Immunoreactive Motoneurons Innervating the Canine Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

1994 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Hisa ◽  
Nobuhisa Tadaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Uno ◽  
Hitoshi Okamura ◽  
Jun-Ichi Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Migration of an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Screw into the Constrictor Muscle of the Hypopharynx

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dahm ◽  
Darlington Nwaudo ◽  
Zhen Gooi ◽  
Michael Lee ◽  
Mostafa El Dafrawy
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Constrictor Muscle

Combined Infrahyoid and Inferior Constrictor Muscle Release for Tension-Free Anastomosis during Primary Tracheal Repair

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh F. Biller ◽  
Michael A. Munier
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Operative Technique ◽  
Perioperative Management ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Primary Anastomosis ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Tension Free ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Free Closure ◽  
Combined Technique

Although tracheal stenosis is not a common clinical entity, it still presents a significant management problem, despite recent endoscopic advances. Surgical correction by resection and primary anastomosis is the preferred treatment, provided the repair can be performed without excessive tension. Various release techniques have been described in order to achieve mobility and, thereby, a tension-free anastomosis. This article presents a combined infrahyoid muscle and inferior constrictor muscle release to assure maximum mobility of the laryngotracheal complex, thus allowing tension-free closure. A series of ten patients who underwent primary repair using the combined technique is presented, and the operative technique is described. The indications, age, length of stenosis, and minimum 1 year followup of these patients are presented, as well as perioperative management and complications. The success rate with this technique is 90%.

Electrical Activity from the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor During Reflexive and Nonreflexive Tasks

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne L. Perlman ◽  
Erich S. Luschei ◽  
Charles E. Du Mond
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Normal Human

The purpose of this investigation was to determine, in a quantitative manner, which, if any, nonswallowing tasks produce significant levels of activation in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of normal human subjects. Bipolar hooked wire electrodes were inserted in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of 15 healthy subjects. Electrode placement was controlled. Each subject performed two reflexive tasks, six voluntary tasks requiring phonation, and four nonspeech voluntary tasks. The electromyogram (EMG) was rectified and integrated. The resulting number was then transformed by taking its natural logarithm. An ANOVA was performed and a linear model was estimated. The magnitude of the EMG activity was related to the location of the electrodes. The largest values were recorded in the lateral-superior placement, followed by the lateral-inferior, medial-inferior and medial-superior. The superior pharyngeal contrictor was found to be a muscle activated primarily during reflexive activity. There was a general trend in the amplitude of EMG activity in relationship to task. Swallowing produced the greatest amount of activity and a gag produced about 60% of the activity produced by the swallow. Two tasks, production of the work /hk/ in which the phoneme /k/ was stressed, and a "modified Valsalva," which was actually a hard /k/ held for several seconds, produced the next greatest level of EMG.

scholarly journals Anatomical landmarks of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Viktor Y. Malyuga ◽  
Aleksandr A. Kuprin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Oblique Line ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor ◽  
Line Type

Background. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates a cricothyroid muscle, which provides tension in vocal cords and formation of high-frequency sounds. When the nerve is damaged during surgery, patients may notice hoarseness, inability to utter high pitched sounds, “rapid fatigue” of the voice, and dysphagia. According to literature, paresis of an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve reaches up to 58% after thyroid surgery. Aim: to identify permanent landmarks and topographic variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Materials and methods. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identified two permanent landmarks that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and we made metrical calculations relative to them: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Results. The piercing point of the nerve is always located at the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle without protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The nerve had the parallel direction in 92.8% of cases (angel less than 30 degrees) relative to the oblique line and in 85.7% cases it was in close proximity to this line (at distance up to 4 mm). The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of the piercing point of the nerve relative to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and the risk of nerve damage. In 14.2% of cases, the piercing point was in the front third of the line (type I), and in 50% it was in the middle third of this line (type II). These variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could have lead to its damage during surgery. In type III and IV (35.8%) – the piercing point in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland and the greater part of the nerve was covered with the fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Conclusion. We identified the main orienteers for the search and proposed anatomical classification of the location of the external branch on the superior laryngeal nerve.

Velopharyngeal Anatomy

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ross Dickson ◽  
Wilma Maue Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Superior Constrictor ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Membranous Wall

The velopharyngeal area was studied in seven adult and six fetal heads by gross microscopic dissection, and in one additional fetal head by histologic sectioning and staining. In all cases except one, fibers of the superior constrictor muscle were found to insert into the velum. The salpingopharyngeus muscle was absent bilaterally in six of the 14 heads and was sparse in those heads where it was present. The tensor palatini muscle attached to the lateral membranous wall of the eustachian tube in all cases. The levator palatini muscle always lay lateral to the torus tubarius and inserted into the velum over a broad area extending from the region of the anterior aponeurosis to near the uvula. Speculations regarding muscle function in velopharyngeal closure are presented.

The techniques of nonmuscular closure of hypopharyngeal defect following total laryngectomy: the assessment of complication and pharyngoesophageal segment

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1060-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Ping Wang ◽  
Tzu-Chan Tseng ◽  
Rheun-Chuan Lee ◽  
Shyue-Yih Chang
Keyword(s):  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Voice Rehabilitation ◽  
Pharyngocutaneous Fistula ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Pharyngeal Muscle ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Pharyngoesophageal Segment ◽  
Pharyngeal Muscles ◽  
Closure Group

AbstractThe usual method of reconstructing a hypopharyngeal defect during total laryngectomy includes pharyngeal muscle layer closure, which may result in high pharyngoesophageal pressure. We hypothesize that nonclosure of the pharyngeal muscle can reduce the pressure of the pharyngoesophageal segment which can reduce the chances of the formation of pharyngocutaneous fistulae. A technique of nonmuscular closure of a hypopharyngeal defect is presented. The differences in the rate of fistula formation and swallowing function between patients with usual and nonmuscular closure were also studied. Sixty consecutive laryngectomees were enrolled in this study. Thirty patients received usual closure after total laryngectomy, whereas the other 30 patients underwent non closure of their pharyngeal muscles. One patient (3.3 per cent) in the nonmuscular closure group and three patients (10 per cent) in the usual closure group developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula. The pharyngoesophageal pressures of the nonmuscular closure group were significantly lower than those of the usual closure group. We conclude that the technique of nonclosure of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle after total laryngectomy is relatively more simple and is not associated with a higher rate of fistula formation. Furthermore, nonclosure of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle is preferable to muscular closure because it reduces the spasm of the pharyngoesophageal segment which limits voice rehabilitation.

Functional Assessment of the Pharynx at Rest and during Swallowing in Partially Paralyzed Humans 

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars I. Eriksson ◽  
Eva Sundman ◽  
Rolf Olsson ◽  
Lena Nilsson ◽  
Hanne Witt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Adductor Pollicis ◽  
Sphincter Muscle ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Bolus Transit ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Resting Tone ◽  
Pharyngeal Function

Background Functional characteristics of the pharynx and upper esophagus, including aspiration episodes, were investigated in 14 awake volunteers during various levels of partial neuromuscular block. Pharyngeal function was evaluated using videoradiography and computerized pharyngeal manometry during contrast bolus swallowing. Methods Measurements of pharyngeal constrictor muscle function (contraction amplitude, duration, and slope), upper esophageal sphincter muscle resting tone, muscle coordination, bolus transit time, and aspiration under fluoroscopic control (laryngeal or tracheal penetration) were made before (control measurements) and during a vecuronium-induced partial neuromuscular paralysis, at fixed intervals of mechanical adductor pollicis muscle train-of-four (TOF) fade; that is, at TOF ratios of 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, and after recovery to a TOF ratio > 0.90. Results Six volunteers aspirated (laryngeal penetration) at a TOF ratio < 0.90. None of them aspirated at a TOF ratio > 0.90 or during control recording. Pharyngeal constrictor muscle function was not affected at any level of paralysis. The upper esophageal sphincter resting tone was significantly reduced at TOF ratios of 0.60, 0.70, and 0.80 (P < 0.05). This was associated with reduced muscle coordination and shortened bolus transit time at a TOF ratio of 0.60. Conclusions Vecuronium-induced partial paralysis cause pharyngeal dysfunction and increased risk for aspiration at mechanical adductor pollicis TOF ratios < 0.90. Pharyngeal function is not normalized until an adductor pollicis TOF ratio of > 0.90 is reached. The upper esophageal sphincter muscle is more sensitive to vecuronium than is the pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

Sudden Death Secondary to an Undiagnosed B-Cell Lymphoma of the Hypopharynx and Infiltration of the Inferior Constrictor Muscle

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303-1306
Author(s):  
Sara Lo Pinto ◽  
Rosario Barranco ◽  
Maria Cuccì ◽  
Fiorella Caputo ◽  
Francesca Fossati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Constrictor Muscle

Cineradiography in Closed and Open Pharyngeal Swallow

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Birch-Iensen ◽  
P. S. Borgström ◽  
O. Ekberg
Keyword(s):  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Asymptomatic Volunteers ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallow ◽  
Laryngeal Vestibule ◽  
Dysphagic Patients

The pattern of swallowing by which the oral bolus reaches an air-containing oropharynx is called an ‘open swallow’ whereas the sequence in which the oropharynx is collapsed on the arrival of the bolus is called a ‘closed swallow’. The significance of this distinction was further analyzed by a correlation with other laryngeal and pharyngeal functions during swallowing in a cineradiologic study in 75 dysphagic patients and 50 asymptomatic volunteers. The relative incidence of open and closed type swallows was similar in the two groups. The maximum elevation of the pharynx and larynx was the same in open and closed swallow, although in individuals with an open swallow the elevation occurred later than in individuals with a closed swallow. Epiglottic movement disturbances, defective closure of the laryngeal vestibule, pharyngeal constrictor muscle paresis, cricopharyngeal incoordination, cervical esophageal webs and Zenker diverticula were significantly more common in individuals with an open pharyngeal swallow than in those with closed swallowing.

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