scholarly journals A Scientific Study of Religion as a Catalyst to Bring Positive Change in Human Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Naveed Shibli ◽  
Mudassir Ahmad ◽  
Anwar ul Haq ◽  
Hafiz Hameedullah ◽  
Noshaba Anjum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
School System ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
A Chain

It is a fact well-established that religion has influenced humankind throughout the course of history irrespective of the strength of its influence and its permanence that reflects its relatedness with human existence. It was assumed that the lesser befitting implementation of ‘modernity’ in the ancient tradition of religion is one of the causes of low religious productivity and less positivity in the present day life. Perhaps this is the case with all the Abrahamic religions. An amalgamation of tradition and moderation in a chain of a school system was assessed. The psychological and scientific follow up of the outcome supported the fact that religion has the ability to bring in positive and desirable ‘behavioral change’ in a given direction and to contribute towards ‘peace’ which is an internationally known positivity.

Review of Psychology: A scientific study of human behavior. 5th ed.

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 947-947
Author(s):  
RICHARD A. KASSCHAU
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Scientific Study

Schema Theory: A Framework for Research and Practice in Psychotherapy

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry M. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Cognitive Schema ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Both the nature of human problems and the process of behavioral change are increasingly being viewed from a cognitive-structural perspective. The concept of a cognitive schema seems to be the major theoretical construct used by researchers studying how cognitive structures influence human behavior. Schemas are fundamental cognitive structures, derived from past experience. Schemas operate by selectively organizing the on-going experience of each person into subjectively meaningful patterns. Through the operation of schemas, people are active constructors of their own psychological realities. This article presents an overview of the philosophical, historical, and theoretical foundations of schema theory. The relevance of schema theory for psychotherapy is presented through a discussion of schema oriented cognitive-behavioral theorists. A specific application of a schema framework in psychotherapy is illustrated by research on depressive self-schemas. It is hoped this article will serve as a stimulus to the continued application of schema oriented cognitive-structural approaches to research and practice in psychotherapy.

Self and External Monitoring of Weight

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Landau Heckerman ◽  
Kelly D. Brownell ◽  
Robert J. Westlake
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Continuous Feedback ◽  
Weight Control Program ◽  
At Home

Subjects were 23 obese men and women who received a behavioral weight control program and were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: (1) subjects were weighed at the beginning of each treatment session and were encouraged to weigh themselves at home for “continuous feedback” or (2) subjects were not weighed at group meetings and were instructed to avoid weighing themselves at home in order to “concentrate on behavioral change.” At posttreatment and at 4-wk. follow-up, the groups did not differ for change in bodyweight or change in percentage overweight. There was, however, a tendency for subjects who did not weigh themselves to lose more weight and to display lower attrition than weighed subjects at posttreatment and at the 4-wk. and 6-mo. follow-ups.

Rubella-Vaccinated Students. Follow-up in a Public School System

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Gilbert M. Schiff ◽  
Joseph L. Rauh ◽  
Betsy Young ◽  
Sally Trimble ◽  
Tom Rotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School System ◽  
Public School System

scholarly journals The Cue-Approach Task as a General Mechanism for Long-Term Non-Reinforced Behavioral Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Salomon ◽  
rotem Botvinik-Nezer ◽  
Tony Gutentag ◽  
Rani Gera ◽  
Roni Iwanir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Training Preferences

Recent findings show that preferences for food items can be modified without external-reinforcements using the cue-approach task. In the task, the mere association of food item images with a neutral auditory cue and a speeded button press, resulted in enhanced preferences for the associated stimuli. Here, in a series of 10 independent samples with a total of 255 participants, we show we can enhance preferences using this non-reinforced method for faces, fractals and affective images as well as snack foods, using auditory, visual and even aversive cues. This change was highly durable in follow-up sessions performed one to six months after training. Preferences were successfully enhanced for all conditions, except for negative valence items. These findings promote our understanding of non-reinforced change, suggest a boundary condition for the effect and lay the foundation for development of novel applications.

scholarly journals Tracing and testing the COVID-19 contact chain: cost-benefit tradeoffs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungyeol Kim ◽  
Xingran Chen ◽  
Shirin Saeedi Bidokhti ◽  
Saswati Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
A Chain

Traditional contact tracing for COVID-19 tests the direct contacts of those who test positive even if the contacts do not show any symptom. But, why should the testing stop at direct contacts, and not test secondary, tertiary contacts or even contacts further down? The question arises because by the time an infected individual is tested the infection starting from him may have infected a chain of individuals. One deterrent in testing long chains of individuals right away may be that it substantially increases the testing load, or does it? We investigate the costs and benefits of testing the contact chain of an individual who tests positive. For this investigation, we utilize multiple human contact networks, spanning two real-world data sets of spatio-temporal records of human presence over certain periods of time, as also networks of a classical synthetic variety. Over the diverse set of contact patterns, we discover that testing the contact chain can both substantially reduce over time both the cumulative infection count and the testing load. We consider elements of human behavior that enhance the spread of the disease and lower the efficacy of testing strategies, and show that testing the contact chain enhances the resilience to adverse impacts of these elements. We also discover a phenomenon of diminishing return beyond a threshold value on the depth of the chain to be tested in one go, the threshold then provides the most desirable tradeoff between benefit in terms of reducing the cumulative infection count, enhancing resilience to adverse impacts of human behavior, and cost in terms of increasing the testing load.

scholarly journals speech understandability of repaired cleft palate patients pre and post caregiver training

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
L jobe andrea ◽  
Joan d′mello ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Parent Training ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Group I ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACT Background: Treating speech and language problems in repaired cleft palate patients in india is still an uphill task due to lack of facilities. this study attempted to use parents as team members for the speech management of cleft palate patients in andhra pradesh, india. objectives: to investigate whether a positive change in speech understandability for individuals with cleft palate will result froma parent-administered intervention program.Materials and methods: Twenty-eight parents had enrolled for the speech camp held in september 2004. the parent-training program at the speech camp ensured that parents were given adequate awareness. out of the 28, 18 (64.28%) reported for one follow-up, referred to in this article as group i. ten (35.72%) out of the 28 came for two consecutive follow-ups, referred to in this article as group ii.Results: Pre and post training understandability scores obtained in the known context (reciting a familiar poem in the native language, counting 1 to 10) and unknown context (peer group names, family information, describing their journey from home to hospital) for group i and group ii were evaluated. results revealed that a higher percentage of cases showed significant improvement in understandability in the unknown context after treatment. unknown context can be considered a measure to assess speech understandability after training. further, it shows that parent training without practice at home may not show the desired results.Conclusion: This study reveals that parents can effect a positive change in the speech understandability of their children following training, provided the exercises are carried out regularly at home and the parents report for the follow-up assessments and guidance.

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