scholarly journals Evaluation of dynamic lung changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by quantitative computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-873
Author(s):  
Cong Shen ◽  
Nan Yu ◽  
Shubo Cai ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Jiexin Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to trace the dynamic lung changes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using computed tomography (CT) images by a quantitative method. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 28 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 145 CT scans are collected. The lesions are detected automatically and the parameters including lesion volume (LeV/mL), lesion percentage to lung volume (LeV%), mean lesion density (MLeD/HU), low attenuation area lower than – 400HU (LAA-400%), and lesion weight (LM/mL*HU) are computed for quantification. The dynamic changes of lungs are traced from the day of initial symptoms to the day of discharge. The lesion distribution among the five lobes and the dynamic changes in each lobe are also analyzed. RESULTS: LeV%, MLeD, and LM reach peaks on days 9, 6 and 8, followed by a decrease trend in the next two weeks. LAA-400% (mostly the ground glass opacity) declines to the lowest on days 4–5, and then increases. The lesion is mostly seen in the bilateral lower lobes, followed by the left upper lobe, right upper lobe and right middle lobe (p < 0.05). The right middle lobe is the earliest one (on days 6–7), while the right lower lobe is the latest one (on days 9–10) that reaches to peak among the five lobes. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of COVID-19 increases from the day of initial symptoms, reaches to the peak around on day 8, and then decreases. Lesion is more commonly seen in the bilateral lower lobes.

scholarly journals Clinical and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Ru-Ming Xie ◽  
Yu-Lin He ◽  
Li-Hong Xing ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Pediatric COVID-19 is relatively mild and may vary from that in adults. This study was to investigate the epidemic, clinical, and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods Forty-one children infected with COVID-19 were analyzed in the epidemic, clinical and imaging data. Results Among 30 children with mild COVID-19, seven had no symptoms, fifteen had low or mediate fever, and eight presented with cough, nasal congestion, diarrhea, headache, or fatigue. Among eleven children with moderate COVID-19, nine presented with low or mediate fever, accompanied with cough and runny nose, and two had no symptoms. Significantly (P < 0.05) more children had a greater rate of cough in moderate than in mild COVID-19. Thirty children with mild COVID-19 were negative in pulmonary CT imaging, whereas eleven children with moderate COVID-19 had pulmonary lesions, including ground glass opacity in ten (90.9%), patches of high density in six (54.5%), consolidation in three (27.3%), and enlarged bronchovascular bundles in seven (63.6%). The lesions were distributed along the bronchus in five patients (45.5%). The lymph nodes were enlarged in the pulmonary hilum in two patients (18.2%). The lesions were presented in the right upper lobe in two patients (18.1%), right middle lobe in one (9.1%), right lower lobe in six (54.5%), left upper lobe in five (45.5%), and left lower lobe in eight (72.7%). Conclusions Children with COVID-19 have mild or moderate clinical and imaging presentations. A better understanding of the clinical and CT imaging helps ascertaining those with negative nucleic acid and reducing misdiagnosis rate for those with atypical and concealed symptoms.

Morphometry of cat pulmonary venous tree

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Yen ◽  
F. Y. Zhuang ◽  
Y. C. Fung ◽  
H. H. Ho ◽  
H. Tremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Vascular Tree ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Branches

Morphometric data of the pulmonary veins in the cat right lung are presented. Silicone elastomer casts of the right lungs of five cats were made, measured, counted, and analyzed. The Strahler system is used to describe the branching pattern of the vascular tree. These data are needed for the physicomathematical approach to pulmonary circulation. For all the pulmonary blood vessels lying between the left atrium and the capillary beds, there are a total of 10 orders of vessels in the right upper lobe, 9 orders of vessels in the right middle lobe, and 11 orders of vessels in the right lower lobe. The ratios of the diameters, lengths, and the number of branches in successive orders of vessels are called the diameter, length, and branching ratios, respectively. For the cat pulmonary venous tree, the average branching ratio is 3.521, the average diameter ratio is 1.727, and the average length ratio is 2.402 for vessels of orders 1-3 and 1.532 for vessels of orders 4-10.

Involvement of the #12u Lymph Nodes Around the Upper Lobe Bronchi in Patients with Lung Cancer of the Right Middle Lobe, Right Lower Lobe, or Left Lower Lobe

Surgery Today ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Masami Sato ◽  
Yasuki Saito ◽  
Hirokazu Aikawa ◽  
Akira Sakurada ◽  
Tatsuo Tanita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Left Lower Lobe ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Right middle lobe obstruction associated with synchronous endobronchial carcinoid and aspergillosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110094
Author(s):  
Yoonjoo Kim ◽  
Dongil Park ◽  
Chaeuk Chung
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

Pulmonary carcinoids originate from neuroendocrine cells of the lung and comprise 0.5%–5% of all lung malignancies. Endobronchial carcinoids are rare, low-grade malignant tumors that occasionally coexist with other infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. We treated a 63-year-old woman who presented with a right middle lobe obstruction. A chest computed tomography scan demonstrated a mass-like lesion in the right middle lobe with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. She underwent an exploratory operation after 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment. The pathology revealed a right middle lobe bronchial carcinoid tumor and aspergillosis. Chest computed tomography scans have revealed no recurrence of the carcinoid or aspergillosis during the 5-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia From the City of Wuhan

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962093677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianpu Chen ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Shutong Zhang ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Xiaoqing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
D Dimer

The aim of this study was to describe clinical, imaging, and laboratory features of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) in patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia who underwent a computed tomography pulmonary artery (CTPA) scan for suspected APE were retrospectively studied. Laboratory data and CTPA images were collected. Imaging characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Laboratory data were analyzed and compared between patients with and without APE. A series of 25 COVID-19 patients who underwent CTPA between January 2020 and February 2020 were enrolled. The median D-dimer level founded in these 25 patients was 6.06 μg/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 1.90-14.31 μg/mL). Ten (40%) patients with APE had a significantly higher level of D-dimer (median, 11.07 μg/mL; IQR, 7.12-21.66 vs median, 2.44 μg/mL; IQR, 1.68-8.34, respectively, P = .003), compared with the 15 (60%) patients without APE. No significant differences in other laboratory data were found between patients with and without APE. Among the 10 patients with APE, 6 (60%) had a bilateral pulmonary embolism, while 4 had a unilateral embolism. The thrombus-prone sites were the right lower lobe (70%), the left upper lobe (60%), both upper lobe (40%) and the right middle lobe (20%). The thrombus was partially or completely absorbed after anticoagulant therapy in 3 patients who underwent a follow-up CTPA. Patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia have a risk of developing APE during the disease. When the D-dimer level abnormally increases in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, CTPA should be performed to detect and assess the severity of APE.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Cystic Hamartoma Presenting with Spontaneous Pneumothorax

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Glezos ◽  
D Toppin ◽  
T Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wedge Resection ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mesenchymal Cystic Hamartoma ◽  
Cystic Hamartoma

A 53-year-old woman presented with a spontaneous right-sided pneumothorax. Computed tomography chest scan demonstrated a large bulla involving the right middle lobe. Recurrence of the pneumothorax after initial closed chest tube drainage necessitated thoracotomy and wedge resection. Histopathological examination revealed features consistent with a benign mesenchymal cystic hamartoma. Pneumothorax is a recognized complication of mesenchymal cystic hamartoma, a lesion that also has malignant potential.

scholarly journals Automated Lobe-Based Airway Labeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suicheng Gu ◽  
Zhimin Wang ◽  
Jill M. Siegfried ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
William L. Bigbee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Unit ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Centerline Extraction ◽  
Airway Segmentation ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
Airway Tree ◽  
The Right

Regional quantitative analysis of airway morphological abnormalities is of great interest in lung disease investigation. Considering that pulmonary lobes are relatively independent functional unit, we develop and test a novel and efficient computerized scheme in this study to automatically and robustly classify the airways into different categories in terms of pulmonary lobe. Given an airway tree, which could be obtained using any available airway segmentation scheme, the developed approach consists of four basic steps: (1) airway skeletonization or centerline extraction, (2) individual airway branch identification, (3) initial rule-based airway classification/labeling, and (4) self-correction of labeling errors. In order to assess the performance of this approach, we applied it to a dataset consisting of 300 chest CT examinations in a batch manner and asked an image analyst to subjectively examine the labeled results. Our preliminary experiment showed that the labeling accuracy for the right upper lobe, the right middle lobe, the right lower lobe, the left upper lobe, and the left lower lobe is 100%, 99.3%, 99.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Among these, only two cases are incorrectly labeled due to the failures in airway detection. It takes around 2 minutes to label an airway tree using this algorithm.

Age-Related Pattern and Distribution of Covid-19 on Pulmonary Computed Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Muayad Sultan ◽  
Dhia Mahdey Alghazali ◽  
Haider Al-Tameemi ◽  
Mohammed Abed ◽  
Dhaffer Abdullah Hawiji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Right

Background: COVID-19 has emerged recently and become of global concern. Computed tomography (CT) plays a vital role in the diagnosis. Objectives: To characterize the pulmonary CT changes and distributions of COVID-19 infection in regard to different age groups. Methods: Chest CT scan of 104 symptomatic patients with COVID-19 infection, from 7 Iraqi isolation centers were retrospectively analyzed between March 10th and April 5th, 2020. Patients were sub-classified according to their ages to three groups (young adult:20-39years, middle age:40-59years and old age:60- 90years). Results: The most common findings were ground-glass opacities (GGO) (92.3%, followed by consolidation (27.9%), bronchovascular thickening (15.4%), and crazy-paving (12.5%). Less commonly, there were tree-inbud (6.7%), pulmonary nodules (5.8%), bronchiectasis (3.8%), pleural effusion (1.9%), and cavitation (1%). There were no hallo sign, reversed hallo sign, nor mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Pulmonary changes were unilateral in 16.7% and bilateral in 83.3%, central in 14.6%, peripheral in 57.3%, and diffuse (central and peripheral) in 28.1%. Most cases showed multi-lobar changes (70.8%), while the lower lobe was more commonly involved (17.7%) than middle lobe/lingula (8.3%) and upper lobe (3.1%). In unilateral involvement, changes were more on the right (68.8%) than left (31.2%) side. Compared with middle and old age groups, young adult patients showed significantly lesser frequency of consolidation (17% vs. 13.3% and 37%), diffuse changes 28.1% (14.2% vs. 35.3% and 40.5%), bilateral disease (71.4% vs. 94.1% and 85.2%), and multi-lobar involvement (51.4% vs. 82.4% and 81.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Bilateral and peripheral GGO were the most frequent findings with the right side and lower lobar predilection. Extent and pattern seem to be age-related.

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