scholarly journals Job stress and resilience in Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case-control study

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gholam-Abbas Shirali ◽  
Arman Amiri ◽  
Khalil Taherzadeh Chanani ◽  
Maryam Silavi ◽  
Sanaz Mohipoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a wide range of sociocultural pressures on nurses. Resilience is defined as one’s ability to adapt to an unpredictable situation and it can be a factor in accepting an undesirable psychosocial situation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine resilience in nurses in the face of job stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study was carried out as a case-control study with participation of 400 nurses as the target group (nurses exposed to COVID-19 patients) and the control group (nurses not exposed to COVID-19 patients). To examine resilience and job stress, Conor and Davidson’s questionnaire and OSIPOW questionnaire were used respectively. RESULTS: The mean scores of job stress and resilience were significantly different between the target and control groups (p <  0.05). So that resilience in the target group was less than that in the control group. In addition, job stress in the target group was higher than that of the control group (p <  0.05). There was a significant and negative correlation between resilience and job stress and the correlation was stronger in the target group (p <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Given the high job stress score in the participants and its negative correlation with resilience, there is need to provide the health personnel with efficient preventive and treatment approaches, improve and educate the principles of resilience, improve mental health services system, and introduce programs to control some of demographical factors in job stress such as physical activity, and employment status of nurses.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽  
Tahia H. Saleem ◽  
Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽  
Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽  
Ashraf Khodaery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental Evaluation in Full-term Newborns with Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE): A Case Control Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina H Banu ◽  
AFM Salim ◽  
Rawnak Ara ◽  
Roksana Akhter ◽  
Naila Z Khan
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Control Study

Background: Newborns with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) are at risk of neuro-developmental disabilities. Early identification of their neuro-developmental impairments (NDI), immediate intervention and reassessment might be a useful method to measure and prevent major disability. This study was performed to identify impairment in different developmental domains among the babies admitted with moderate to severe degree HIE, and evaluate their outcomes after intervention with developmental therapy and stimulation.Methodology: The exploratory case control study was conducted during April 2008 till February 2012. We enrolled 81 full-term babies admitted to the special care neonate unite with HIE as ‘case’. The ‘control’ group included age and sex matched 81 babies who did not have HIE. Neurodevelopmental assessment was performed using age specific rapid neurodevelopmental assessment tool (RNDA) by trained developmental therapists (DT). Intervention with developmental therapy and stimulation was provided for every child. Those who had assessment at least twice, (at entry and after 1 year age) were included for this study.Results: Male were predominating (66.7%). Mean age was 18 and 19 days on the 1st ; 17 and18 months on last assessment day in case and control group respectively. NDI was identified in 89% and 35% in case and control group respectively. On last assessment, 42% developed disability (permanent functional deficit), 35.8% achieved age appropriate developmental skills, 20% were lost to follow up, and 2 children died among the case group. These were 16% (13/81), 72% and 12% respectively among the control group. Significant correlation was found between the 1st and last assessment result among the case and control group.Conclusion: Early identification of NDI using a valid assessment tool and immediate intervention could probably reduce the disability in babies with HIE. A long time evaluation of this cohort would provide valuable information.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (1) :6-13

Genetic variation in PTX3 is associated with susceptibility to community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a retrospective case control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingqi Xiao ◽  
Shiyi Bu ◽  
Tiantian Tang ◽  
Qiaojun Zeng ◽  
Biru Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Haplotype Frequency ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BackgroundEvidence indicates that single nucleoid polymorphisms (SNPs) of key molecules in innate immunity are related to clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a member of the acute-phase reactants superfamily and plays an important role against various diseases. The purpose of the current study was to assess the association between PTX 3 SNP and the risk of CAP.MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study. Patients who were diagnosed with CAP between January 2018 to December 2019 in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were included as CAP group. Then CAP cases were matched 1:1 by gender with non-infectious hospitalized patients during the same time. We detected the genotypes, allele frequencies and haplotype distributions of three SNPs within PTX3 gene (rs2305619, rs3816527, and rs1840680) by polymerase chain reaction sequencing in CAP group and control group, and compared their associations with the risk of CAP.ResultsThree SNPs in both groups were consist with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A strong linkage disequilibrium was detected between any pair of rs2305619, rs3816527 and rs1840680 (|D’|≥0.85). There were no differences of rs2305619 and rs3816527 in genotypic distribution and haplotype frequency between CAP group and control group. However, we identified that SNP rs1840680 AA homozygote was associated with a lower risk of CAP in adults (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.91; p = 0.03).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that PTX3 single nucleoid polymorphism was associated with the risk of CAP in adults.

A Case-Control Study on the p73 G4A Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in an Iranian Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab TAVAKKOL AFSHARI ◽  
Zahra GHOLIZADEH ◽  
Amin Reza NIKPOOR ◽  
Jalil TAVAKKOL AFSHARI ◽  
Rashin GANJALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Background: The tumor protein p73 (TP73) is a homolog of TP53 family. Ectopic p73 overexpression largely mimics p53 activities as a tumor suppressor and activates the transcription of p53-responsive genes and as a result induce apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between p73 G4A polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in a northeastern Iranian population. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 105 patients who admitted in educational hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran during 2013-2015, with breast cancer as case group and 120 healthy women as the control group. PCR-CTPP method was used to investigate the relationship between the p73 G4A polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer. Results: There was no significant association between the AA genotype of the p73 G4A polymorphism and breast cancer in case and control groups. Although G allele frequency was higher in the case group, the abundance of this allele between case and control groups was not statistically meaningful and, as a result, not associated with the risk of breast cancer in this study group. Conclusion: There was no association between G4A p73 polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in a northeastern Iranian population.  

scholarly journals Does the Polymorphism in the Length of the Polyalanine Tract ofFOXE1Gene Influence the Risk of Thyroid Dysgenesis Occurrence?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Clebson Pantoja Pimentel ◽  
Erik Artur Cortinhas-Alves ◽  
Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Santana-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Dysgenesis ◽  
Susceptibility Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Polyalanine Tract ◽  
Control Study

Background.Recent data have suggested that polymorphisms in the length of the polyalanine tract (polyA) ofFOXE1gene may act as a susceptibility factor for thyroid dysgenesis. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of polyA ofFOXE1gene on the risk of thyroid dysgenesis.Method.A case-control study was conducted in a sample of 90 Brazilian patients with thyroid dysgenesis and 131 controls without family history of thyroid disease. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and the genotype of each individual was determined by automated sequencing.Results.More than 90% of genotypes found in the group of patients with thyroid dysgenesis and in controls subjects were represented by sizes 14 and 16 polymorphisms in the following combinations: 14/14, 14/16, and 16/16. Genotypes 14/16 and 16/16 were more frequent in the control group, while genotype 14/14 was more frequent in the group of patients with thyroid dysgenesis. There was no difference between agenesis group and control group. Genotype 14/14 when compared to genotypes 14/16 and 16/16A showed an association with thyroid dysgenesis.Conclusion.PolyA ofFOXE1gene alters the risk of thyroid dysgenesis, which may explain in part the etiology of this disease.

scholarly journals Dynamic Thiol Disulphide Homeostasis in Patients with Surfer’s Eye: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanife Tuba Akcam ◽  
Ozcan Erel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Purpose The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of pterygium is still unclear. However, abnormal thiol disulfide homeostasis levels are involved in the pathogenesis of various systemic or ocular diseases. We aim to analyze dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis in patients suffering from conjunctival pterygium using a contemporary technique. Methods Thirty-eight subjects suffering from pterygium and 35 age-gender matched healthy volunteers were recruited for study. For each case, total thiol, disulfide and native thiol levels in blood were obtained. Additionally, ratio of disulfide over total thiol, native thiol over total thiol and disulfide over native thiol were computed. Results The level of median native thiol was lower in pterygium group (318.2 µmol /L vs 333.4 µmol /L) and median disulfide was slightly higher in pterygium group (24.3 µmol /L vs 22.8 µmol /L) compared to control group. Both disulfide over total thiol and disulfide over native thiol ratios were higher in pterygium group, ratio of native thiol over total thiol was found to be higher in control group. Nevertheless, none of those differences were statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Notably, correlation test pointed to a negative correlation both between pterygium grade and native thiol and between total thiol and pterygium grade in pterygium group (P = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). Conclusion A negative correlation hinting that slightly weakened dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis in subjects with pterygium, a local ocular disease. Further studies with larger sample sizes may shed light on this potential relationship and justify systemic antioxidant therapies in these cases.

scholarly journals Analysis of Etiological Factors of Dyslipidemia -A Case Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Treatment Principle ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is not mentioned in Ayurveda but it can be correlated with Medoroga. Nidanparivarjana is the main treatment principle of Ayurveda. The lifestyle modification is a part of the management for patients with Dyslipidemia, regardless of pharmacologic intervention. Aims and Objectives: To study the etiological factors of Dyslipidemia related to Ahar and Vihar (Dietary & Behavioral regimen). Material And Methods: Analytical case control study was conducted in which total 100 subjects were randomly selected from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa Department of MGACH & RC, Salod (H), Wardha. They were randomly divided into case and control group. Each subject was exposed to case proforma. Case proforma was made in such a way that it included probable etiological factors related to Dyslipidemia. Observation And Results: Statistical analysis showed that Dyslipidemia was significantly related with unhealthy dietary habits, Dyslipidemia present in family, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, tobacco, tea and diabetes mellitus. Discussion & Conclusion: The findings showed that all risk factors are not contributing in pathogenesis of disease but they differ in each individual. It is not necessary that all the etiological factors are needed in the pathogenesis of Dyslipidemia but it can be cause due to presence of some of them.

scholarly journals Association Between Serum C- Reactive Protein With Migraine: A Case Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
MA Hannan ◽  
SK Abdul Kader ◽  
Abu Jafor Md Salauddin ◽  
- Kabiruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Headache Clinic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Objective: The present case-control study was undertaken to find the association between serum level of CRP and attack of migraine. Methods: The study was carried out at the Headache Clinic and Outpatient Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka over a period of 2 years from January 2010 to December 2011. Migraine patients attending at the above mentioned places were enrolled as cases, while apparently healthy attendants of cases and other healthy persons, who did not have any history of migraine, were included as control. Based on predefined enrollment criteria, a total of 163 subjects were included in the study. Of them 87 were cases and 76 were controls. The serum levels of CRP of both cases and controls were measured and a serum level of > 6 mg/L was considered as raised/ elevated CRP. Levels of CRP were compared between groups (case and control) using appropriate statistical tests. Result: The findings of the study showed that the age and sex distribution of case and control groups were almost comparable. The behavioral factors like food or smoking habit and tobacco leaf chewing had no difference between the groups. Over 20% of migraine patients had abnormally high CRP as compared to 7.9% in the control group (p = 0.021). The migraine patients were 3(95% CI = 1.1 - 8.1) times more likely to be associated with raised CRP (> 6 mg/L) than their healthy counterparts. There were 7 migraine patients with aura and 80 without aura. The level of CRP was not found to be associated with type of migraine (with or without aura) (p = 0.960). Conclusion: Every one in five patients exhibits abnormally high CRP. The level of CRP does not vary whether the migraine is being associated with or without aura. The migraineurs carry higher risk of developing elevated CRP than their normal counterparts. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2015; Vol. 31 (1): 1-8

An exploratory study into social and healthcare variables of maternal mortality: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Nosratabadi ◽  
Mostafa Amini Rarani ◽  
Shahla Shahidi ◽  
Nadia Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Regarding the important role the mothers’ health plays in shaping nations’ well-being, this study endeavored to explore the main social and healthcare factors related to maternal mortality. Methods In this case-control study, data (viz., all maternal mortalities) were gathered from the national maternal mortality surveillance system. Likewise, control data (viz., alive mothers) were obtained from mother health records in 22 health centers located in 21 cities of Isfahan, Iran. The data were related to the years 2001–2016. Case and control groups were matched according to year of delivery, mother’s age at delivery time and city of residence. Results Analysis of the gathered data revealed that during the years 2001–2016, 171 maternal mortalities occurred in Isfahan. In view of that, 523 mothers were selected as the control group. Most of the mothers attended high school (36%), were housewives (64%), delivered by cesarean section (59%) and suffered from different kinds of proximate medical causes (55%). The logistic regression results showed that being an immigrant, having a history of proximate medical cause, vaginal delivery and illiteracy raised the odds ratios (ORs) of maternal mortality up to 5.87, 4.41, 2.28 and 1.84 times, respectively. In contrast, using public antenatal care and planned pregnancy have had a protective, significant effect on maternal mortality (ORs <1). Conclusion The results suggested that in addition to social factors including immigrant status and low level of education which led to the increase of maternal mortality, healthcare factors including proximate medical causes, delivery method and antenatal care seem to be essential in tackling the issue of maternal mortality.

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