A multifactorial approach to specify comfortable rail seats

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S197-S208
Author(s):  
Jordan Smith ◽  
Stephen Phillips ◽  
Nic Bowler ◽  
Harry Conway ◽  
Levent Caglar
Keyword(s):  
Customer Experience ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Seat Height ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
Rail Industry ◽  
Multifactorial Approach ◽  
Validation Testing ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

BACKGROUND: A robust rail seat comfort assessment can inform the GB rail industry when procuring new seats and identify areas for comfort improvement in the refurbishment of existing seats, improving the customer experience. OBJECTIVE: To take a multifactorial approach to measuring comfort and to create a robust seat comfort assessment method for the GB rail industry. METHODS: Seat comfort assessment scores were developed by identifying seat dimensions (e.g. Seat height, seat width, seat depth), seat pad thickness and hardness requirements, seat accessories and seat attractiveness components. Scores for each seat feature were verified by conducting a fitting trial and asking 7 participants to rank dimensions through a range of adjustment. The combined scoring of features was verified by asking 14 participants to rank seats in three configurations (<minimum comfort; minimum comfort;>minimum comfort). The seat comfort dimensions scores were then validated by ranking seven existing rail seats using the assessment method and comparing the ranks with subjective comfort ranks of 12 participants. RESULTS: The validation testing resulted in a moderate positive correlation, indicating an alignment between the seat comfort assessment method and subjective comfort scores. CONCLUSIONS: A multifactorial seat comfort assessment has been shown to be a good indicator of passenger seat comfort.

scholarly journals Predicting passenger seat comfort and discomfort on the basis of human, context and seat characteristics: a literature review

Ergonomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Hiemstra-van Mastrigt ◽  
Liesbeth Groenesteijn ◽  
Peter Vink ◽  
Lottie F. M. Kuijt-Evers
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
Seat Comfort

scholarly journals Pressure sensing and control of an aircraft passenger seat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel H. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Surface Change ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Surface Pressure

The premise of this work is to address aircraft seat comfort. This thesis presents the development of an automatic morphing backrest used to reduce pressure experienced by the passenger from the seat. Uncomfortable, high surface pressure zones on the backrest can be alleviated by decentralizing the occupant’s weight. The improved pressure distribution is intended to decrease discomfort during flight while taking different comfort/discomfort models into consideration. Pressure distribution data from the embedded sensor mat is used to compute the seat’s cushion deflection and corresponding backrest contour caused by the passenger’s weight. The surfaces of interest - the passenger’s back and the seat, are modelled and discretized. The discretized surface contact pressure is integrated into the hyperelastic contact model to determine the loading profile. From this, the current pressure distribution and the cushion’s surface change are computed and used in the control system to create the corresponding actuation of the surface.

Electroencephalography in Delirium Assessment. A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Wiegand ◽  
Jan Rémi ◽  
Konstantinos Dimitriadis
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Confusion Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Delirium Assessment ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Continuous Eeg

Abstract BackgroundDelirium is a common disorder affecting up to 82% of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Delirium assessment scores such as the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) are time-consuming, they cannot differentiate between different types of delirium and their etiologies, and they may have low sensitivities in the clinical setting. While today, electroencephalography (EEG) is increasingly being applied to delirious patients in the ICU, a lack of clear cut EEG signs, leads to inconsistent assessments. MethodsWe therefore conducted a scoping review on EEG findings in delirium. 1236 articles identified through database search on PubMed and Embase were reviewed. Finally, 33 original articles were included in the synthesis. ResultsEEG seems to offer manifold possibilities in diagnosing delirium. All 33 studies showed a certain degree of qualitative or quantitative EEG alterations in delirium. Thus, normal routine (rEEG) and continuous EEG (cEEG) make presence of delirium very unlikely. All 33 studies used different research protocols to at least some extent. These include differences in time points, duration, conditions, and recording methods of EEG, as well as different patient populations, and diagnostic methods for delirium. Thus, a quantitative synthesis and common recommendations are so far elusive. ConclusionFuture studies should compare the different methods of EEG recording and evaluation to identify robust parameters for everyday use. Evidence for quantitative bi-electrode delirium detection based on increased relative delta power and decreased beta power is growing and should be further pursued. Additionally, EEG studies on the evolution of a delirium including patient outcomes are needed.

scholarly journals Pressure sensing and control of an aircraft passenger seat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel H. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Surface Change ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Surface Pressure

The premise of this work is to address aircraft seat comfort. This thesis presents the development of an automatic morphing backrest used to reduce pressure experienced by the passenger from the seat. Uncomfortable, high surface pressure zones on the backrest can be alleviated by decentralizing the occupant’s weight. The improved pressure distribution is intended to decrease discomfort during flight while taking different comfort/discomfort models into consideration. Pressure distribution data from the embedded sensor mat is used to compute the seat’s cushion deflection and corresponding backrest contour caused by the passenger’s weight. The surfaces of interest - the passenger’s back and the seat, are modelled and discretized. The discretized surface contact pressure is integrated into the hyperelastic contact model to determine the loading profile. From this, the current pressure distribution and the cushion’s surface change are computed and used in the control system to create the corresponding actuation of the surface.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Air-Based Bus Seat

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
Chee Fai Tan ◽  
K.F. Liew ◽  
S.N. Khalil ◽  
M.R. Said ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
Air Cushion ◽  
Noise Vibration ◽  
Seating Discomfort

Travel with long hours will create discomfort feeling for passenger especially express bus passenger. Long hour travel will create physiological stress on passenger. It may due to seat space limitation, noise, vibration, seat hardness as well as seat comfort. Seat comfort is a subjective feeling that related to psychological aspect of passenger. In this project, the bus passenger seat is integrated with air-based and gel-based material. In Malaysia, most of the express coaches are using polyurethane foam based cushion in the seat padding. This type of the seat padding may cause a bus passenger who sit for long journey will feel uncomfortable and fatigue. There are two main causes which lead to seating discomfort which is vibration and pressure distribution on the seat. The new design a bus passenger seat is using air-based cushion to improve the seating comfort. The air-based seat was validated by using MatLab SimuLINK software. In the model validation process, the parameters of air cell height gave effect on the pressure change rate of air cushion model. The comfortable level of the air cushion could be improved by reducing the pressure change rate and cell height.

Prediction of treatment outcomes for personality disordered offenders

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Archibald ◽  
Colin Campbell ◽  
Derval Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
South East England ◽  
Personality Disordered ◽  
Professional Judgement

Purpose – Evidence has shown associations between personality disorder (PD) and poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to: first, establish which risk assessment method (i.e. structured professional judgement or actuarial) is most reliable for predicting treatment outcomes for individuals with PD. Second, determine whether individuals identified as high risk are more likely to have poorer treatment outcomes. Third, determine if engagement in treatment helps to reduce risk assessment scores. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 50 patients were recruited from a medium secure forensic PD service. Their risk was assessed using one structured professional judgement instrument (the HCR-20) and one actuarial instrument (the RM2000). The study used a retrospective cohort design. Findings – Overall, the HCR-20 was a better predictor of treatment outcome than the RM2000. Personality-disordered offenders with high HCR-20 scores are at an increased risk of adverse treatment outcomes. Research limitations/implications – This investigation used a small, non-randomised sample of male patients with PD at one South East England medium secure unit. The data were over-represented by white British males. Future research should compare PD offenders with non-PD offenders to investigate what factors best predict poorer treatment outcomes. Originality/value – The findings indicate that structured professional judgement approaches are more effective predictors of risk than actuarial measures for assessing patients with PD. This study therefore adds value to forensic services and to the risk assessment debate.

Evaluation of the delirium early monitoring system (DEMS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rippon ◽  
Koen Milisen ◽  
Elke Detroyer ◽  
Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska ◽  
Beth Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Confusion Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Delirium Management

ABSTRACTBackground:Despite awareness of the negative health and financial outcomes of delirium, systems to routinely assess and manage the condition are absent in clinical practice. We report the development and pilot evaluation of a Delirium Early Monitoring System (DEMS), designed to be completed by non-medical staff to influence clinical processes within inpatient settings. Two versions of the DEMS are described based on a modified Confusion Assessment Method (DEMS-CAM) and Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DEMS-DOSS).Methods:Both versions of DEMS were piloted on a 20-bedded Psychogeriatric ward over 6 weeks. Training was administered to ward staff on the use of each version of the DEMS and data were collected via electronic medical records and completed assessment sheets. The primary outcome was patterns of DEMS use and the secondary outcome was the initiation of delirium management protocols. Data regarding the use of the DEMS DOSS and DEMS CAMS were analyzed using χ2 tests.Results:Completion rates for the DEMS CAM and DEMS DOSS were 79% and 68%, respectively. Non-medical staff were significantly more likely to use the DEMS-CAM as part of daily practice as opposed to the DEMS-DOSS (p<0.001). However, there was no difference between the use of the DEMS-CAM and DEMS-DOSS in triggering related actions such as documentation of assessment scores in patients’ medical records and implementation of delirium management protocols.Conclusions:This real world evaluation revealed that non-medical staff were able to incorporate delirium monitoring into their practice, on the majority of occasions, as part of their daily working routine. Further research is necessary to determine if the routine use of the DEMS can lead to improved understandings and practice of non-medical staff regarding delirium detection.

Reliability of Americleft Yardstick Nasolabial Appearance Assessment With/Without Basal View for Japanese Children With Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-959
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subhan Amir ◽  
Takao Fuchigami ◽  
Toshiro Kibe ◽  
Masahiro Tezuka ◽  
Kiyohide Ishihata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Overall Reliability

Objective: There is debate on the reliability of the Americleft Yardstick (AY) global nasolabial appearance assessment method. The objective was to analyze the effect of the additional basal view (BV) feature on the reliability of the AY method for Japanese children with complete cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Design: Blind retrospective analysis of clinical records on 43 patients (5- to 7-year-old) with nonsyndromic CUCLP who underwent primary lip repair from 2005 to 2011. Main Outcome Measure: Color pictures published in AY and Rubin’s studies were used as reference pictures. Patients’ photographs were cropped and rated on a 5-point scale for the vermilion border (VB), nasolabial frontal (NLF), and nasolabial profile (NLP) according to AY with/without BV assessment by Rubin’s methods. Rating was performed twice by 3 oral surgeons. Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities were analyzed using weighted κ, and correlations between BV and other features were analyzed. Results: Overall average assessment scores were 2.742 (0.573) with AY and 2.702 (0.489) with AY+BV methods ( P = .728). Average intra-rater reliabilities were 0.605 and 0.611 and average inter-rater reliabilities were 0.525 and 0.48 with AY and AY+BV, respectively. Inter-rater reliability was the lowest for NLP. ρ scores between BV versus VB, NLF, and NLP were 0.025, 0.659, and 0.092, respectively. Conclusions: Present study demonstrates moderate intra- and inter-rater reliabilities obtained with the AY assessment method for Japanese children with CUCLP. Nasolabial profile standard ambiguity may lead to the poor reliability of AY assessment. Addition of the BV feature does not improve overall reliability.

Assessment Method of Effectiveness of Passenger Seat Belt Reminder

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoyuki Akamatsu ◽  
HIroshi Hashimoto ◽  
Shinji Shimaoka
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Passenger Seat

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN EVALUASI MODEL CIPP PADA IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENILAIAN PRESTASI KERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Erialdy Erialdy ◽  
Sugeng Lubar Prastowo ◽  
Ade Indra Permana
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
System A ◽  
Excellent Service ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Validation Testing

On behalf to produce an excellent service, Civil Servants have to work professionally, certainly through coaching and supervision. Accordingly, the effective assessment method to measure working achievement objectively is required. In this effort, South Tangerang City has issued a policy of South Tangerang City’s Mayor Regulation No. 5 of 2018. Policy implementation evaluation used CIPP evaluation model, starts from policy purpose, implementation process to the result of the policy implementation. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative, the research instruments used are observation, interview and documentation study. The analysis of data research uses 4 steps ie. data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing or verification. Data validation testing used is source triangulation techniques.  The appraisal of working achievement is used as a basic preparation for the arrangement of reasonable and transparent incentive system, a fair career development and evaluation for to the Local Government of South Tangerang city to its resources.

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