Incorporating driver activity in holistic comfort models

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S119-S128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Moertl ◽  
Margit Hoefler ◽  
Benjamin Ewerz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Activity Types ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
Appraisal Processes ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: We motivate and describe a holistic comfort model to account for the impact of driver and passenger activities on their comfort experiences in vehicles. The proposed model is an expansion of existing ones and postulates two dimensions of comfort that are linked with cognitive moderation processes toward holistic experience: physiological comfort combines multiple physiological experiences such as thermal, auditory, and postural comfort and is moderated via cognitive processes of focusing or masking. On the other hand, emotional comfort reflects the experience of activities and is moderated by cognitive appraisal processes. OBJECTIVE: Using this model, we derive three hypotheses that are examined. METHOD: In a driving simulator study, 32 participants assessed holistic and physiological comfort while driving under various conditions. RESULTS: The participant responses on various comfort questions loaded on two main principal components that closely resemble the distinction between holistic and physiological comfort. Also, the driving and non-driving activity types seemed to have a different impact on holistic versus physiological comfort as predicted by our model.

Environmental Scanning for Organisational Effectiveness: A Study of Select MSMEs of Jammu and Kashmir, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Chauhan ◽  
Sushma Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Effectiveness ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Impact

Environmental scanning yields greater anticipatory management that provides important inputs for aquitision and use of information for planning and designing organization strategies. Apart from this, effective environmental scanning activities are likely to deal with threats and grasp the opportunities to finally link with enhancing organizational effectiveness. In fact this relationship matrix has led the researchers to conduct an environmental scanning through an examination of the existing status the components of the macro-environment vis-a-vis their relationship with the organizational effectiveness. There are a number of approaches, which describe the macro-environment, of which PEST analysis is regarded as the most common approach for considering the external business environment. Thus, the present study applies PEST analysis to scan the existing business environment. Jammu and Kashmir due to its peculiar political, geographical, economic, and socio-cultural features, had led its cost mountain economy become a distinctive identity. Despite the fact that the state has rich endowments, international relations with its neighbours vis-a-vis its impact on political environment also pose developmental challenges for the business units operating in the state. This has provided valid rationale for conducting the present. The environmental scanning is done through the perception of the select entrepreneurs operating MSMEs in the state of J & K. An impact analysis of environmental factors (PEST) on the organizational effectiveness is also done in the study. The findings of the study show that the political environment of the state that is not favourable for entrepreneural development whereas the rest of the other drivers of PEST i.e. economic environment, socio-cultural environment, and technological environment show a favourable response of the entrepreneurs. In terms of cause and effect relationship, it is found that the first two drivers of the PEST i.e. political and economic dimension impacts OE positively whereas the other two dimensions namely socio-cultural and technological impacts OE negatively but it is pertinent to mention that the impact is very less and is insigninificant. The study also suggests some of strategic options for developing and creating an enabling environment for successful entrepreneurial development to achieve integrated development of the state.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of Innovative Treatments on Driving Behavior at School Bus Stops: A Driving Simulator Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Suhail Almallah ◽  
Shabna Sayed Mohammed ◽  
Qinaat Hussain ◽  
Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
School Bus ◽  
School Buses ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Typical Condition ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Traveling Speed

The illegal overtaking/crossing of stopped school buses has been identified as one of the leading causes of students’ injuries and fatalities. The likelihood of students in getting involved in a school bus-related crash increases during loading/unloading. The main objective of this driving simulator study was to study the effectiveness of different treatments in improving students’ safety by reducing the illegal overtaking/crossing of stopped school buses. Treatments used in this research are LED, Road Narrowing and Red Pavement. All proposed treatments were compared with the control condition (i.e., typical condition in the State of Qatar). Seventy-two subjects with valid Qatari driving license were invited to participate in this study. Each subject was exposed to three situations (i.e., Situation 1: the school bus is stopped in the same traveling direction, Situation 2: the school bus is stopped in the opposite traveling direction, Situation 3: the school bus is not present at the bus stop). Results showed that LED and Road Narrowing treatments were effective in reducing the illegal overtaking/crossing of stopped school buses. Moreover, the stopping behavior for drivers in LED and Road Narrowing was more consistent compared to the Red Pavement and control conditions. Finally, LED and Road Narrowing treatments motivated drivers to reduce their traveling speed by 5.16 km/h and 5.11 km/h, respectively, even with the absence of the school bus. Taking into account the results from this study, we recommend the proposed LED and Road Narrowing as potentially effective treatments to improve students’ safety at school bus stop locations.

The Impact of Psychological Empowerment on the Effectiveness of Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-41
Author(s):  
Mona Hamid Abu Warda
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to identify the concept of psychological empowerment and clarify its various dimensions and their impact on the effectiveness of performance in the higher education sector. The study has been applied to a sample of 185 staff members working at 3 universities in Saudi Arabia. This study found that the degree of practice of staff members to the dimensions of psychological empowerment exceeds the middle degree, while the level of performance in these universities was high, it showed the existence of a significant effect of the dimensions of psychological empowerment (competence, impact) on the effectiveness in performance. This is while the other two dimensions (self-determination, meaning) do not significantly affect the effectiveness of performance. The study also pointed to the existence of significant differences between the practice of faculty members to psychological empowerment according to the variables (experience, scientific rank, college), and also indicates there are significant differences in the levels of effectiveness performance, according to the variables (marital status, college).

scholarly journals Criticality assessment risk; contribution of fuzzy logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
S. Masmoudi ◽  
M.M. Dhiaf
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Test System ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Risk Contribution ◽  
Criticality Assessment ◽  
The Impact

In order to determine the criticality of a risk, an assessment of the probability of occurrence (notion of frequency) and of the impact (notion of severity) are to be estimated. The criticality is the product of the probability of its occurrence and the impact that the risk has on the project, hence on the whole company. So, the practice of matrix or the criticality grid considering these two dimensions is necessary. However, the criticality grid involves the insufficiencies inherent to the subjective behavior of expert judgments and to the imprecise information engaged in the assessment of the risk. Taking into account the problems of the imperfection implied in the Conventional Criticality Matrix (CCM), the objective of this work is to develop a Fuzzy Criticality Matrix (FCM) to overcome these difficulties. The proposed model aims at improving the system of fuzzy inference. The proposed approach is applied to a test system which is the company SAROST S.A.

Figurational Sociology as a Counter-Paradigm

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 429-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociological Tradition ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Two key themes in contemporary social theory are particularly relevant to the interpretation and critique of figurational sociology. On the one hand, some recent critiques of the sociological tradition — Touraine's attempt to deconstruct the received image of society is the most important example — have called into question a dominant paradigm that underlies both Marxist and structural-functional theories. Norbert Elias has not only anticipated some of the most important criticisms but also suggested correctives to some of the currently fashionable alternatives. More specifically, his relationship to the sociological traditions and to its contemporary offshoots can be described in terms of six antitheses: his approach is anti-economistic, anti-normativistic, anti-reductionistic, anti-functionalist, anti-structuralist and anti-individualistic. On the other hand, the impact of all these critical strategies is somewhat blunted by the one-sided emphasis on power. A more balanced version of figurational sociology would need a concept of culture to match and counter-balance Elias's insights into the problematic of power. Further exploration of this issue could draw both on the classics (especially Weber) and on post-Parsonian debates about cultural power and their interconnections. Cultural interpretations of power are the most important link between those two dimensions of social life; although Elias has never explicitly thematized them, his recent writings touch upon some aspects of their specifically modern variants.

On the impact of cannabis consumption on traffic safety: a driving simulator study with habitual cannabis consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 1411-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Tank ◽  
Tobias Tietz ◽  
Thomas Daldrup ◽  
Holger Schwender ◽  
Florence Hellen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cannabis Consumption ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Quantifying the Economic Development Dynamics of a Country Based on the Lorenz Curve

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Romualdas Ginevičius ◽  
Joanicjusz Nazarko ◽  
Dainora Gedvilaitė ◽  
Zdzisława Dacko-Pikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
The Impact

The welfare of a country depends on its economic development. In order to have the impact on it, we should have a possibility to quantitatively assess its situation at the desired point in time. Economic development, as a multifaceted and complex phenomenon, is reflected in two dimensions – intensity and uniformity. These mentioned above can be viewed as partial indicators of dynamics. Two main approaches to measuring development uniformity can be distinguished. In one of the cases, it is measured on the basis of an index that includes the main results of the country's economic development. In the other case, the values of the indicators reflecting all the essential development actions are combined in one appropriate way. From a scientific point of view, the second approach is more accurate as it allows for a better assessment of the complex nature of a country’s economic development. On the other hand, its application today is still problematic due to the fact that the models for this differ in terms of both the number and composition of indicators. For this reason, it is not possible to compare countries. Therefore, in international practice, the economic development of countries is measured by gross domestic product per capita (GDP). Based on GDP indicator, the method for the measurement of uniformity is proposed and the essence of which is the ratio of the length of the ideal trajectory of the development during the period under review to the length of the actual trajectory. Without ruling out the appropriateness of such an approach for assessing development uniformity, it makes sense to look for alternative methods. In this sense, methods that allow assessment of the extent of fluctuations of the phenomenon under consideration as an essential feature of development dynamics are suitable. These include the Gini coefficient, which is determined from the Lorenz curve.

Function-Specific Uncertainty Communication in Automated Driving

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-97
Author(s):  
Alexander Kunze ◽  
Stephen J. Summerskill ◽  
Russell Marshall ◽  
Ashleigh J. Filtness
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Visual Variables ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
The Impact

Conveying the overall uncertainties of automated driving systems was shown to improve trust calibration and situation awareness, resulting in safer takeovers. However, the impact of presenting the uncertainties of multiple system functions has yet to be investigated. Further, existing research lacks recommendations for visualizing uncertainties in a driving context. The first study outlined in this publication investigated the implications of conveying function-specific uncertainties. The results of the driving simulator study indicate that the effects on takeover performance depends on driving experience, with less experienced drivers benefitting most. Interview responses revealed that workload increments are a major inhibitor of these benefits. Based on these findings, the second study explored the suitability of 11 visual variables for an augmented reality-based uncertainty display. The results show that particularly hue and animation-based variables are appropriate for conveying uncertainty changes. The findings inform the design of all displays that show content varying in urgency.

Function-Specific Uncertainty Communication in Automated Driving

2022 ◽  
pp. 1002-1026
Author(s):  
Alexander Kunze ◽  
Stephen J. Summerskill ◽  
Russell Marshall ◽  
Ashleigh J. Filtness
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Visual Variables ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
The Impact

Conveying the overall uncertainties of automated driving systems was shown to improve trust calibration and situation awareness, resulting in safer takeovers. However, the impact of presenting the uncertainties of multiple system functions has yet to be investigated. Further, existing research lacks recommendations for visualizing uncertainties in a driving context. The first study outlined in this publication investigated the implications of conveying function-specific uncertainties. The results of the driving simulator study indicate that the effects on takeover performance depends on driving experience, with less experienced drivers benefitting most. Interview responses revealed that workload increments are a major inhibitor of these benefits. Based on these findings, the second study explored the suitability of 11 visual variables for an augmented reality-based uncertainty display. The results show that particularly hue and animation-based variables are appropriate for conveying uncertainty changes. The findings inform the design of all displays that show content varying in urgency.

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