The role of vection, eye movements and postural instability in the etiology of motion sickness

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira B. Flanagan ◽  
James G. May ◽  
Thomas G. Dobie
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Self Motion

Motion sickness is a term that is commonly used to describe the ill effects of many provocative motion (e.g. seagoing or air travel) and apparent motion (e.g. IMAX movies and virtual reality) environments on human well-being and performance. It can be extremely debilitating and yet we do not have a precise understanding of its cause. This study evaluates the importance of three factors that are purported to be involved in the etiology of motion sickness (MS). Most provocative motion environments cause three distinct, but possibly related, responses: reflexive eye movements (EM), sensory conflict (SC), and postural instability (PS). Three current theories, concerning the etiology of motion sickness, emphasize one of these responses, but deny the importance of the others. Such theoretical approaches preclude the possibility of a synergistic interaction of these factors. This experiment employed a three-factor experimental design wherein each factor was manipulated alone or in combination with the others. The independent variables involved two levels of: PS (induced by having the subject stand on a stationary platform or on a posturally challenging platform mounted atop a partially inflated rubber inner tube); SC (with or without illusory self movement elicited visually by whole field stimulation); and EM (unrestricted or controlled by a stable fixation point). Analysis of measures of PS, SC and EM confirmed the effectiveness of these manipulations. Analysis of MS measures (questionnaires, magnitude ratings, tolerance times) revealed a main effect of SC (p < 0.01), increased MS found with illusory self motion conditions. In addition, measures of MS symptomatology revealed a significant three-way interaction between SC, PS and EM (p < 0.05), greater amounts of MS found with conditions of illusory self motion, postural challenge, and unrestricted EM. This suggests support for a multi-factorial approach to the study of MS etiology. These findings suggest a major role of SC in the elicitation of MS, but also suggest important contributions from the EM and PS mechanisms.

Higher Education: The Role of Universities Research Structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Nader Gholi Ghorchian ◽  
Shahrooz Farjad ◽  
Ali Taghipour Zahir
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Research Structure

As higher education plays a pivotal role in the economic well-being of modern societies, universities today are faced with increasing pressure in order to improve their accountability and performance. They have to redesign the research structure to achieve the set objectives. The present survey aimed at studying the factors and related indicators that affect the effectiveness of the research structure of the universities. The sample included 274 faculty members who were selected through stratified random method at 8 branches of Islamic Azad University in Tehran province (Iran). Research questions were: a) What key Factors influence the Effectiveness of the universities’ research structure? and b) What conceptual model can be designed? Finally, in this study using a questionnaire and factor analysis technique, eight factors were identified and ranked which contribute towards the effectiveness of research structure in universities . Finally, a conceptual model has been proposed for the universities to strengthen their research structure.

Defrag and reboot? Consolidating information and communication technology research in I-O psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu (Judy) Hu ◽  
Larissa K. Barber ◽  
YoungAh Park ◽  
Arla Day
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Technology Experience ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Role Of Information

AbstractSeveral decades of research have addressed the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology. However, segmented research streams with myriad terminologies run the risk of construct proliferation and lack an integrated theoretical justification of the contributions of ICT concepts. Therefore, by identifying important trends and reflecting on key constructs, findings, and theories, our review seeks to determine whether a compelling case can be made for the uniqueness of ICT-related concepts in studying employee and performance in I-O psychology. Two major themes emerge from our review of the ICT literature: (a) a technology behavior perspective and (b) a technology experience perspective. The technology behavior perspective with three subcategories (the “where” of work design, the “when” of work extension, and the “what” of work inattention) explores how individual technology use can be informative for predicting employee well-being and performance. The technology experience perspective theme with two subcategories (the “how” of ICT appraisals and “why” of motives) emphasizes unique psychological (as opposed to behavioral) experiences arising from the technological work context. Based on this review, we outline key challenges of current ICT research perspectives and opportunities for further enhancing our understanding of technological implications for individual workers and organizations.

The role of personal resources in explaining well-being and performance: A study among young veterinary professionals

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. J. M. Mastenbroek ◽  
A. D. C. Jaarsma ◽  
A. J. J. A. Scherpbier ◽  
P. van Beukelen ◽  
E. Demerouti
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
And Performance

ANALYSES ON OCCUPANT PATTERNS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS INCLUDING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Manav ◽  
E. Kaymaz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Occupancy Patterns ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mental Well Being

In the last years, as a result of environmental concerns, changes in lifestyle during the COVID-19 crisis, the role of healthy buildings in addition to the main lighting design principles are highlighted. Therefore, today’s lighting design issues include social well-being, mental well-being, and physical well-being more than we discussed in the last century. Hence, we are familiar with occupant-centric and performance-based metrics for residential and non-domestic buildings. The study analyses the extended occupancy patterns, daylight availability, and annual lighting energy demand through a case study in Bursa, Turkey including the COVID-19 pandemic scenario.

THE INFLUENCES OF FURNITURE ON CHILDREN’S HEALTH AND WELL-BEING AT PRIMARY SCHOOOL

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahkameh Valikhani ◽  
Rahinah Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Shahrizal Dolah
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
School Furniture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Considerable Body

Pre-schools and primary schools play a prominent role in the lives of children. In this phase of their life, reading and writing would begin. There are studies which explored the relationships between writing and reading performance and furniture in the classroom. A considerable body of research addresses the role of school furniture on children’s health. Nevertheless, the impact of furniture on behaviour received fairly insufficient attention in design and furniture industries. Since children have no choice in selecting their furniture, they ended becoming passive users in the design process. In this paper, we aim to understand the impacts that school furniture have on children’s health and performance. This paper reviews previous studies about children’s furniture at educational centers in order to introduce a new prototype of school furniture. This study could inform designers and those involved in children related educational systems to develop better furniture designs in schools.

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