scholarly journals Robust deep learning pipeline for PVC beats localization

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 475-486
Author(s):  
Bohdan Petryshak ◽  
Illia Kachko ◽  
Mykola Maksymenko ◽  
Oles Dobosevych
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Decoder Architecture ◽  
Public Datasets

BACKGROUND: Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is among the most frequently occurring types of arrhythmias. Existing approaches for automated PVC identification suffer from a range of disadvantages related to hand-crafted features and benchmarking on datasets with a tiny sample of PVC beats. OBJECTIVE: The main objective is to address the drawbacks described above in the proposed framework, which takes a raw ECG signal as an input and localizes R peaks of the PVC beats. METHODS: Our method consists of two neural networks. First, an encoder-decoder architecture trained on PVC-rich dataset localizes the R peak of both Normal and anomalous heartbeats. Provided R peaks positions, our CardioIncNet model does the delineation of healthy versus PVC beats. RESULTS: We have performed an extensive evaluation of our pipeline with both single- and cross-dataset paradigms on three public datasets. Our approach results in over 0.99 and 0.979 F1-measure on both single- and cross-dataset paradigms for R peaks localization task and above 0.96 and 0.85 F1 score for the PVC beats classification task. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown a method that provides robust performance beyond the beats of Normal nature and clearly outperforms classical algorithms both in the case of a single and cross-dataset evaluation. We provide a Github1 repository for the reproduction of the results.

scholarly journals Methodology for Efficient CNN Architectures in Profiling Attacks

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zaid ◽  
Lilian Bossuet ◽  
Amaury Habrard ◽  
Alexandre Venelli
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Side Channel ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Previous State ◽  
Template Attacks ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Visualization Techniques

The side-channel community recently investigated a new approach, based on deep learning, to significantly improve profiled attacks against embedded systems. Previous works have shown the benefit of using convolutional neural networks (CNN) to limit the effect of some countermeasures such as desynchronization. Compared with template attacks, deep learning techniques can deal with trace misalignment and the high dimensionality of the data. Pre-processing is no longer mandatory. However, the performance of attacks depends to a great extent on the choice of each hyperparameter used to configure a CNN architecture. Hence, we cannot perfectly harness the potential of deep neural networks without a clear understanding of the network’s inner-workings. To reduce this gap, we propose to clearly explain the role of each hyperparameters during the feature selection phase using some specific visualization techniques including Weight Visualization, Gradient Visualization and Heatmaps. By highlighting which features are retained by filters, heatmaps come in handy when a security evaluator tries to interpret and understand the efficiency of CNN. We propose a methodology for building efficient CNN architectures in terms of attack efficiency and network complexity, even in the presence of desynchronization. We evaluate our methodology using public datasets with and without desynchronization. In each case, our methodology outperforms the previous state-of-the-art CNN models while significantly reducing network complexity. Our networks are up to 25 times more efficient than previous state-of-the-art while their complexity is up to 31810 times smaller. Our results show that CNN networks do not need to be very complex to perform well in the side-channel context.

scholarly journals Complementary Performances of Convolutional and Capsule Neural Networks on Classifying Microfluidic Images of Dividing Yeast Cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Ghafari ◽  
Justin Clark ◽  
Hao-Bo Guo ◽  
Ruofan Yu ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Replicative Aging ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Learning Architectures

AbstractMicrofluidic-based assays have become effective high-throughput approaches to examining replicative aging of budding yeast cells. Deep learning may offer an efficient way to analyze a large number of images collected from microfluidic experiments. Here, we compare three deep learning architectures to classify microfluidic time-lapsed images of dividing yeast cells into categories that represent different stages in the yeast replicative aging process. We found that convolutional neural networks outperformed capsule networks in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. The capsule networks had the most robust performance at detecting one specific category of cell images. An ensemble of three best-fitted single-architecture models achieves the highest overall accuracy, precision, and recall due to complementary performances. In addition, extending classification classes and augmentation of the training dataset can improve the predictions of the biological categories in our study. This work lays a useful framework for sophisticated deep-learning processing of microfluidics-based assays of yeast replicative aging.

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