Development status as a measure of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1128
Author(s):  
Onno Hoffmeister
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Development Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Over Time

This study analyses to which extent the classification of countries as developing corresponds with their actual development level. It tracks the evolution of the development status classification schemes (DSCSs) of international organisations over time, identifies three broad concepts of a developing country, based on the social sciences literature, and analyses the degree of correspondence between classifications and concepts, based on eight indicators. The results suggest that development status is a fairly accurate measure of development. All DSCSs strongly correspond with all indicators analysed. Over time, the outcomes of DSCSs have become increasingly heterogeneous. As a result, different classification schemes match different concepts. Schemes of a first generation, which emerged before the 1990s, and which nominate countries for classes, correspond mainly with concepts focusing on difficult starting points or an early stage in systemic transition, whereas schemes of a second generation, set up in the 1990, which classify countries based on specified criteria, typically reflect a welfare-based concept. The paper argues that the growing heterogeneity of DSCSs and deficits in their documentation negatively impact on the quality of international official statistics. It makes proposals for the further development of DSCSs, also in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

The twelve-month outcome of patients with neurotic illness in general practice

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Mann ◽  
R. Jenkins ◽  
E. Belsey
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Psychiatric State ◽  
One Year

SYNOPSISOne hundred patients, selected to be representative of those attending general practitioners with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders were followed up for one year. standard assessments of mental state, personality, social stresses and supports were carried out for each patient at the outset and after a year.The outcome for this cohort determined both by the level of psychiatric morbidity at interview after one year and by the pattern of the psychiatric morbidity during the year has been analysed with reference to the assessment measures. Discriminant function analysis indicates that the initial estimate of the severity of the psychiatric morbidity and a rating of the quality of the social life at the time of follow-up are the only factors that significantly predict the psychiatric state after one year. Social measures also predict a pattern of illness charactorized by a rapid recovery after the initial assessemtn. Patients who reported continuous psychiatric morbidity during the year were, older, physically ill and very likely to have recevied psychotropic drugs. Receipt of this medication during the year was associated with initial assessments of abnormality of personality, older age, and a diagnosis of depression.The findings of this study are seen to support a triaxial assessment and classification of non-psychotic psychiatirc disorders, with symptoms, personality and social state being rated independently.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life of early-stage breast cancer patients after different radiotherapy regimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne H. M. Jacobs ◽  
Ramona K. Charaghvandi ◽  
Nanda Horeweg ◽  
John H. Maduro ◽  
Gabrielle Speijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Irradiation ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose To evaluate and compare health-related quality of life (HRQL) of women with early-stage breast cancer (BC) treated with different radiotherapy (RT) regimens. Methods Data were collected from five prospective cohorts of BC patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and different RT regimens: intraoperative RT (IORT, 1 × 23.3 Gy; n = 267), external beam accelerated partial breast irradiation (EB-APBI, 10 × 3.85 Gy; n = 206), hypofractionated whole breast irradiation(hypo-WBI, 16 × 2.67 Gy; n = 375), hypo-WBI + boost(hypo-WBI-B, 21–26 × 2.67 Gy; n = 189), and simultaneous WBI + boost(WBI-B, 28 × 2.3 Gy; n = 475). Women ≥ 60 years with invasive/in situ carcinoma ≤ 30 mm, cN0 and pN0-1a were included. Validated EORTC QLQ-C30/BR23 questionnaires were used to asses HRQL. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for confounding (age, comorbidity, pT, locoregional treatment, systemic therapy) were used to compare the impact of the RT regimens on HRQL at 12 and 24 months. Differences in HRQL over time (3–24 months) were evaluated using linear mixed models. Results There were no significant differences in HRQL at 12 months between groups except for breast symptoms which were better after IORT and EB-APBI compared to hypo-WBI at 12 months (p < 0.001). Over time, breast symptoms, fatigue, global health status and role functioning were significantly better after IORT and EB-APBI than hypo-WBI. At 24 months, HRQL was comparable in all groups. Conclusion In women with early-stage breast cancer, the radiotherapy regimen did not substantially influence long-term HRQL with the exception of breast symptoms. Breast symptoms are more common after WBI than after IORT or EB-APBI and improve slowly until no significant difference remains at 2 years posttreatment.

Grafinscripties

Lampas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-65
Author(s):  
Onno van Nijf
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Funerary Inscriptions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article offers a brief introduction to the most frequent type of inscription: funerary inscriptions or epitaphs. The article offers a chronological overview from the Archaic period to late Antiquity, with an emphasis on Athens. It opens with a brief discussion of the archaeological and ritual contexts in which funerary inscriptions were set up, followed by a discussion of archaic epigrams and the social strategies that lay behind them. This is followed by a discussion of public and private graves that shows how epigraphic habits changed over time. The article continues with a discussion of funerary epigraphic habits outside Athens and closes with a few examples of Christian epitaphs.

scholarly journals System development for its disclosure of Portuguese digital type design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Quelhas ◽  
Vasco Branco ◽  
Rui Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
System Development ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Collaborative System ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Further Development

This study aims to cover the current development of a platform for the disclosure of the Portuguese type design community, since the beginning of the desktop revolution, until today. 
To deepen our understanding, interviews were made to a selected and representative group of type designers from our sample based on several criteria. The interview tested six dimensions: people, processes, products, uses, identity and platform. The results analyzed in the last dimension, through content analysis and quantitative data, lead to the development of an online digital collaborative system – one of our specific objectives. 
Our hypothesis – that the development of a online digital collaborative system would allow further development of knowledge between products, users and authors, as well as, processes and uses – was also corroborated by the interviewers. 
Reviews have been made to reference international online projects to identify their purposes, areas of activity, objectives, mechanisms of interaction, usability and accessibility. This previous research brought together a set of notes that would become essential in the definition and development of our concept. 

The classification of typefaces is a subject of study by researchers and designers, but it is certainly not a topic for complete agreement. Organizing and balancing the content for the database was our first challenge since we were expecting users with good knowledge on the field, but also beginners. Several diagrams were put into test during the early stage of information architecture to better define categories, filters, and sorting methods, as well as users role in the system. The items and categories chosen were redefined in a second stage, and in the third stage hi-fidelity wireframes were produced, to concentrate on design aspects and decisions, and put the system into test and evaluation. 

The current results on the platform development, with the improvements made through several user tests, evaluations and refinements undertaken in all phases of the project have been crucial. We are expecting to run some pilot tests, as well as usability tests prior to the full implementation to further improve the system and meet the expectations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3351

scholarly journals The International Day of Light - May 16th

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Dominik Dorosz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Further Development

During 39th session of UNESCO General Conference which held on 7 November 2017 the date May 16th was proclaimed as International Day of Light (IDL). This decision was made after the success of the International Year of Light (IYL) celebrated in 2015. It confirmed that raising awareness of the social role of photonics is crucial for further development. Based on the rich experience of IYL 2015 ("more than 13,000 activities took place in 147 countries to reach an estimated 100 million people"), the most important goals are to be followed by the IDL, including: raising social awareness, education, showing the influence of photonics on culture and art, promoting foreign cooperation and the important role of conducting basic research. As a result, it will lead to the creation of new solutions based on photonic technology, which has resulted in increased energy efficiency and improved quality of our life.

Lessons from filial piety: Do we need ‘memorial social work’ for the dead and their families?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jae Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Ageing Parents

Death is often a taboo topic and, consequently, there is a reluctance to address matters such as the cultural importance of after-life reputations and ancestor remembrance in the social work field. Reflecting on filial piety studies with Korean participants, this article aims to call attention to such death-related issues and their implications for end-of-life, palliative social work practice and research. The term ‘memorial social work’ is used to help practitioners broaden the scope and quality of social work associated with people who have died and their surviving families. The discussion in this paper includes issues related to filial piety and attitudes towards ageing parents, ancestor honour and remembrance and family continuity. The areas to which memorial social work are particularly pertinent are suggested for further development.

Dissemination of Assistive Technology Devices for Children with Disabilities through Realabilities

2015 ◽  
pp. 310-335
Author(s):  
Senada Arucevic
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Children's Television ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Further Development

Over the last decade, vast research has been conducted on assistive technology devices and the potential implementation of these devices in the daily lives of individuals with disabilities. Many devices are new to the public and may require further development, but it is important to disseminate information about these useful technologies, which often afford users more independence with their activities of daily living. Unfortunately individuals with disabilities often encounter stigma; research suggests that assistive technology devices may at times contribute to this ostracism. This chapter reviews a variety of technologies that have been used to improve the quality of life of individuals with varying disabilities. These devices are presented in the context of introducing a new children's television show, Realabilities, a pro-social and stop-bullying children's television program that seeks to enhance the social interaction and initiation of typical children towards children with disabilities. Directions for future research and implementation of these devices are also discussed.

scholarly journals Reducing the Deterioration of Sentiment Analysis Results Due to the Time Impact

Information ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Rubtsova
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Text Classification ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Sentiment Classification ◽  
Text Collections ◽  
Word Representation ◽  
F Measure ◽  
Over Time

The research identifies and substantiates the problem of quality deterioration in the sentiment classification of text collections identical in composition and characteristics, but staggered over time. It is shown that the quality of sentiment classification can drop up to 15% in terms of the F-measure over a year and a half. This paper presents three different approaches to improving text classification by sentiment in continuously-updated text collections in Russian: using a weighing scheme with linear computational complexity, adding lexicons of emotional vocabulary to the feature space and distributed word representation. All methods are compared, and it is shown which method is most applicable in certain cases. Experiments comparing the methods on sufficiently representative text collections are described. It is shown that suggested approaches could reduce the deterioration of sentiment classification results for collections staggered over time.

scholarly journals Social capital, economic growth and well-being

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Sarracino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In the long run economic growth does not improve people's well-being. Traditional theories – adaptation and social comparisons – explain this evidence, but they don't explain what shapes the trend of subjective well-being and its differences across countries. Recent research identified in social capital a plausible candidate to explain the trends of well-being. This dissertation adopts various econometric techniques to explore the relationship over time among social capital, economic growth and subjective well-being. The main conclusion is that social capital is a good predictor of the trend of subjective well-being, both within and across countries. Hence, policies for well-being should aim at preserving and enhancing social capital for the quality of the social environment matters.

scholarly journals Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods in the Analysis of Czech Population Life Quality with Attention to Regional Differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1671-1678
Author(s):  
Andrea Jindrová
Keyword(s):  
Life Quality ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interregional Disparities ◽  
Key Indicators

Quality of life in the regions is affected by many mutually interlinked factors. The paper is aimed at the research of regional disparities in CR population life quality as assessed from the viewpoint of economic efficiency of the region and the social and environmental conditions. The interregional disparities research started from statistical modeling based on identification of key indicators affecting life quality in the CR districts and the outcomes reached have been exploited further for multidimensional classification of districts as to the indicators analyzed. Attention has been paid also to the ways of application of cartographic map facilitating a clear visualization of regional disparities.

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