scholarly journals From Barrier-Free to Universal/Inclusive Design: How Far Have We Progressed During These 60 Years in Japan?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kose
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Inclusive Design ◽  
Special Committee ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Senate ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Laws And Regulations ◽  
Barrier Free

It is sixty years since ASA A117.1 was introduced in 1961, and fifty years since the US Senate Special Committee on Aging hearings on barrier-free environment in October 1971. During these years, the word “barrier-free design” was replaced with universal design, or inclusive design, with the notion that the need is not limited to people who have disabilities, but that more people will be affected by poor design. How far have we progressed in these years to solve the problems? This paper tries to examine what we have now and what still need to be done, on environments, products, and services. To sum-up major findings, the built environment is more considerate to people than before thanks to ADA and other similar laws and regulations, but improvement of existing infra/structures is slower than desirable.

THE METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING ACCESSIBLE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: THE CZECH EXPERIENCE

Transport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Matuška
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Barrier Free

This is an attempt to ensure an effective process for creating a barrier‐free environment. It is necessary, within the scope of the methodological procedure, to analyse the whole system, search for critical areas and eliminate or prevent them when applying basic and specific properties of the previously defined elementary items. An essential pre‐condition for creating an accessible built environment for everyone is knowledge of effective legislation and technical standards and successful application by all responsible persons.

Eyblism and the Social Environment in Theory and Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
N. N. Khomutova ◽  
K. A. Vizner ◽  
S. A. Makhortova ◽  
S. N. Chudievich
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Good Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Barrier Free

The problem of the discrimination of people with disabilities remains being an urgent social problem. Misunderstanding of the meaning of this problem by others results in a situation when invalid’s level of life cannot be equal to a healthy person’s level of life. This article raises the issue of ableism in order to explore the idea of barrier-free environment integration. The results of a social survey are demonstrating a good level of respondent’s awareness concerning this problem and their will to participate in a discussion and taking of measures for the integration of a barrier-free environment with the intention to raise the invalid’s level of life.

Secrecy, State-Private Networks and Operational Effectiveness in Cold War Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560
Author(s):  
ERIC PULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Us Senate

Secrecy has unintended consequences. The release on 9 December 2014 of the US Senate Intelligence Committee's report on the torture of terrorism detainees focused public attention on the secret activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Regrettably, lost amidst debate over justifying or condemning state-sponsored torture is a more basic concern, the issue of state secrecy, which underlies the discussion of how governments promote national ends. Only two days after the issuance of the Senate Intelligence Committee's report, the US House of Representatives adjourned without taking action on the Freedom of Information Act reform bill – despite receiving unanimous approval in both houses. This bill would not have required complete openness, but it would have eliminated many of the arbitrary mechanisms that enable the CIA and other governmental agencies to suppress requests for information. Although the House Republican leadership failed to put the act on the legislative calendar, the Obama administration's Department of Justice also deserves opprobrium for surreptitiously opposing the act behind the scenes. The US government's disregard for establishing reasonable rules of transparency virtually guarantees that the CIA will continue to suppress its records, and thus public scrutiny of its unchecked activities, for a very long time to come.

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