scholarly journals Evaluation Methods Used to Assess mHealth Applications for Cardiovascular Disease: First Results of a Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Holl ◽  
Jennifer Kircher ◽  
Walter Swoboda
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
First Results ◽  
Potential Benefits

Potential benefits of mHealth applications are large for chronic diseases. To get an overview of how these applications are being evaluated, a scoping review is being conducted. First results show that single factors are most commonly assessed. The results of clinical outcome measures are the most common. Economic factors are the least common. A uniform framework that specifies different factors and metrics for the evaluation is not apparent.

scholarly journals Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e001833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Heine ◽  
Alison Lupton-Smith ◽  
Maureen Pakosh ◽  
Sherry L Grace ◽  
Wayne Derman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Resource Setting

IntroductionWhile there is substantial evidence for the benefits of exercise-based rehabilitation in the prevention and management of non-communicable disease (NCD) in high-resource settings, it is not evident that these programmes can be effectively implemented in a low-resource setting (LRS). Correspondingly, it is unclear if similar benefits can be obtained. The objective of this scoping review was to summarise existing studies evaluating exercise-based rehabilitation, rehabilitation intervention characteristics and outcomes conducted in an LRS for patients with one (or more) of the major NCDs.MethodsThe following databases were searched from inception until October 2018: PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and trial registries. Studies on exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer or chronic respiratory disease conducted in an LRS were included. Data were extracted with respect to study design (eg, type, patient sample, context), rehabilitation characteristics (eg, delivery model, programme adaptations) and included outcome measures.ResultsThe search yielded 5930 unique citations of which 60 unique studies were included. Study populations included patients with cardiovascular disease (48.3%), diabetes (28.3%), respiratory disease (21.7%) and cancer (1.7%). Adaptations included transition to predominant patient-driven home-based rehabilitation, training of non-conventional health workers, integration of rehabilitation in community health centres, or triage based on contextual or patient factors. Uptake of adapted rehabilitation models was 54%, retention 78% and adherence 89%. The majority of the outcome measures included were related to body function (65.7%).ConclusionsThe scope of evidence suggests that adapted exercise-based rehabilitation programmes can be implemented in LRS. However, this scope of evidence originated largely from lower middle-income, urban settings and has mostly been conducted in an academic context which may hamper extrapolation of evidence to other LRS. Cost-benefits, impact on activity limitations and participation restrictions, and subsequent mortality and morbidity are grossly understudied.

scholarly journals Lower airways clinical outcome measures for use in primary ciliary dyskinesia research, a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 00320-2021
Author(s):  
Florian Gahleitner ◽  
James Thompson ◽  
Claire L Jackson ◽  
Jana F Hueppe ◽  
Laura Behan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Multiple Breath Washout ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

ObjectivesDisease-specific, well-defined, and validated clinical outcome measures are essential in designing research studies. Poorly defined outcome measures hamper pooling of data and comparisons between studies. We aimed to identify and describe pulmonary outcome measures that could be used for follow-up of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).MethodsWe conducted a scoping review by systematically searching Medline, Embase and Cochrane Systematic Review online databases for studies published from 1996 to 2020 that included ≥10 PCD adult and/or paediatric patients.ResultsWe included 102 studies (7289 patients). Eighty-three studies reported on spirometry, 11 on body plethysmography, 15 on multiple breath washout, 36 on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), 57 on microbiology, and 17 on health-related quality of life. Measurement and reporting of outcomes varied considerably between studies (e.g. different scoring systems for chest HRCT scans). Additionally, definitions of outcome measures varied (e.g. definition of chronic colonisation by respiratory pathogen), impeding direct comparisons of results.ConclusionsThis review highlights the need for standardisation of measurements and reporting of outcome measures to enable comparisons between studies. Defining a core set of clinical outcome measures is necessary to ensure reproducibility of results and for use in future trials and prospective cohorts.

More Eggs, Less Sugar: A Sneak Peek into the Latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Darlene Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

ABSTRACT The 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides guidance for choosing a healthy diet. There is a focus on preventing and alleviating the effects of diet-related chronic diseases. These include obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, among others. This article briefly reviews the primary guideline items that can be used to teach patients with respect to improving their diet. Clinical exercise physiologists who work with patients with chronic disease can use these guidelines for general discussions regarding a heart-healthy diet.

scholarly journals Identifying Environmental Determinants Relevant to Health and Wellbeing in Remote Australian Indigenous Communities: A Scoping Review of Grey Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
Amal Chakraborty ◽  
Mark Daniel ◽  
Natasha J. Howard ◽  
Alwin Chong ◽  
Nicola Slavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

The high prevalence of preventable infectious and chronic diseases in Australian Indigenous populations is a major public health concern. Existing research has rarely examined the role of built and socio-political environmental factors relating to remote Indigenous health and wellbeing. This research identified built and socio-political environmental indicators from publicly available grey literature documents locally-relevant to remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. Existing planning documents with evidence of community input were used to reduce the response burden on Indigenous communities. A scoping review of community-focused planning documents resulted in the identification of 1120 built and 2215 socio-political environmental indicators. Indicators were systematically classified using an Indigenous indicator classification system (IICS). Applying the IICS yielded indicators prominently featuring the “community infrastructure” domain within the built environment, and the “community capacity” domain within the socio-political environment. This research demonstrates the utility of utilizing existing planning documents and a culturally appropriate systematic classification system to consolidate environmental determinants that influence health and disease occurrence. The findings also support understanding of which features of community-level built and socio-political environments amenable to public health and social policy actions might be targeted to help reduce the prevalence of infectious and chronic diseases in Indigenous communities.

scholarly journals Practice of Telehealth in Otolaryngology: A Scoping Review in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110137
Author(s):  
Joseph N. Gonzalez ◽  
Lucas G. Axiotakis ◽  
Victoria X. Yu ◽  
David A. Gudis ◽  
Jonathan B. Overdevest
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Full Text Review

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred widespread adoption and advancement in telehealth activities, representing a marked change in otolaryngology practice patterns. The present study undertakes a scoping review of research focused on telehealth in otolaryngology (teleotolaryngology) to identify key themes and commonly utilized outcome measures that will assist future development in this growing field. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and reference review. Review Methods Per guidelines of the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we performed database queries using a comprehensive search strategy developed in collaboration with research librarians at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center. We identified 596 unique references to undergo title and abstract review by 2 independent reviewers, leaving 439 studies for full-text review. Results We included 285 studies for extraction of notable findings, leaving 262 unique studies after accounting for content overlap. We identified core outcome measures, including patient and provider satisfaction, costs and benefits, quality of care, feasibility, and access to care. Publication volume increased markedly over time, though only 4% of studies incorporated randomized study group assignment. Using an iterative approach to thematic development, we organized article content across 5 main themes: (1) exploration of teleotolaryngology evolution, (2) role in virtual clinical encounters, (3) applications in interdisciplinary care and educational initiatives, (4) emerging and innovative technologies, and (5) barriers to implementation. Conclusion This scoping review of teleotolaryngology documents its evolution and identifies current use cases, limitations, and emerging applications, providing a foundation from which to build future studies, inform policy decision making, and facilitate implementation where appropriate.

Technological and agronomic assessment of a Variable Rate Irrigation system integrated with soil sensor technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Martello ◽  
A. Berti ◽  
G. Lusiani ◽  
A. Lorigiola ◽  
F. Morari
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
First Results ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Noticeable Reduction ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Variable Rate Irrigation

The main goal of this study was assessing the technological and agronomic performances of a centre pivot Variable Rate Irrigation (VRI) system. The study was conducted in 2015 on a 16-ha field cultivated with maize. Irrigation was scheduled in three Management Zones according to data provided by a real-time monitoring system based on an array of soil moisture sensors. First results demonstrated the potential benefits of the VRI system on irrigation performance however a multiyear comparison is requested for evaluating the response to climate variability. VRI resulted in yields comparable to the business-as-usual regime but through a noticeable reduction in irrigation volumes.

scholarly journals Development of a Retinopathy of Prematurity Activity Scale and Clinical Outcome Measures for Use in Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois E. H. Smith ◽  
Ann Hellström ◽  
Andreas Stahl ◽  
Alistair Fielder ◽  
Wiley Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Activity Scale
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