Unilateral strength training with and without a mirror to improve motor function after stroke: Past, present, and future

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kenneth Monaghan ◽  
Daniel Simpson ◽  
Monika Ehrensberger ◽  
Tjerk Zult
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Improve Motor Function ◽  
Unilateral Strength Training

scholarly journals Implementation of a Strength Training Program for a 5-Year-Old Child With Poor Body Awareness and Developmental Coordination Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B Kaufman ◽  
Denise L Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Background and Purpose This case report describes how a strength (muscle force-generating capacity) training program was associated with changes in muscle strength, motor function, and proprioceptive position sense in a young child with poor body awareness and a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. Case Description Assessment of a prekindergarten child referred for physical therapy because of behaviors compatible with poor body awareness revealed muscle weakness, poor performance on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and poor proprioception. Physical therapy testing done when the child was 5 years of age contributed to a pediatrician-assigned diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. A 12-week strength training program was initiated. Outcomes Improvements were noted in muscle strength, gross motor function, and proprioception. Discussion Research indicates that muscles provide information about joint position. Evidence suggests that muscle strength gains seen in children are the result of neuromuscular learning and neural adaptations; therefore, a structured strength training program may have contributed to proprioceptive changes in this child.

Structural brain changes after 4 wk of unilateral strength training of the lower limb

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Palmer ◽  
A. K. Håberg ◽  
M. S. Fimland ◽  
G. M. Solstad ◽  
V. Moe Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unilateral Strength Training

Strength training enhances muscular strength and neural drive, but the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. This study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify possible changes in corticospinal tract (CST) microstructure, cortical activation, and subcortical structure volumes following unilateral strength training of the plantar flexors. Mechanisms underlying cross-education of strength in the untrained leg were also investigated. Young, healthy adult volunteers were assigned to training ( n = 12) or control ( n = 9) groups. The 4 wk of training consisted of 16 sessions of 36 unilateral isometric plantar flexions. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque was tested pre- and posttraining. MRI investigation included a T1-weighted scan, diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI. Probabilistic fiber tracking of the CST was performed on the diffusion tensor imaging images using a two-regions-of-interest approach. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were calculated for the left and right CST in each individual before and after training. Standard functional MRI analyses and volumetric analyses of subcortical structures were also performed. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction significantly increased in both the trained and untrained legs of the training group, but not the control group. A significant decrease in mean diffusivity was found in the left CST following strength training of the right leg. No significant changes were detected in the right CST. No significant changes in cortical activation were observed following training. A significant reduction in left putamen volume was found after training. This study provides the first evidence for strength training-related changes in white matter and putamen in the healthy adult brain.

scholarly journals Optimizing Dance Interventions To Improve Motor Function In People With ParkinsonʼS Disease And Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Angela L. Ridgel ◽  
Jin Hyun Kim ◽  
Peter Gates ◽  
Robert Melczak ◽  
Fred Discenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Improve Motor Function

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF COMBINED UNILATERAL AND BILATERAL VS. AN ISOLATED UNILATERAL STRENGTH TRAINING IN STROKE PATIENTS

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aimet ◽  
R Pokan ◽  
S Kotzian ◽  
U Musil ◽  
J Pelikan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Unilateral Strength Training

Abstract TP150: Two Weeks of Ischemic Preconditioning Training on the Paretic Leg Improves Leg Strength and Delays Muscle Fatigue in Chronic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Durand ◽  
Spencer A Murphy ◽  
Brian D Schmit ◽  
David D Gutterman ◽  
Allison S Hyngstrom
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Improve Motor Function

Introduction: Individuals living with chronic stroke have weakness and increased neuromuscular fatigue in the paretic leg, which can limit walking ability and endurance. In cardiac and healthy populations, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a widely studied, effective, non-invasive stimulus which not only improves vascular function, but also motor performance. IPC occurs when the tissue of interest is exposed to repeated, short bouts of ischemia, which can improve motor function by enhancing vascular, neural and muscle function. IPC has not been tested as a method to improve motor function in individuals post-stroke. Hypothesis: Two weeks of IPC training on the paretic leg will improve leg strength and time-to-task failure (TTF) during a fatiguing muscle contraction. Methods: A feasibility study of 4 individuals (3 female, 1 male) with chronic stroke (20 ± 4 years) was conducted. A Biodex dynamometer was used to assess paretic leg knee extensor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). To assess muscle fatigability, subjects maintained a sustained contraction equal to 30% of their MVC until failure using visual feedback. After baseline testing, subjects made six visits to the laboratory over a two week period to have IPC performed on their paretic leg. A blood pressure cuff was inflated on the thigh to 225 mmHg for five, five-minute bouts per session. Five minutes of rest was given between inflation cycles. After the last session, subjects returned within 48 hours to have MVC and TTF reassessed. Results: Three subjects completed all study procedures. One subject withdrew for medical reasons unrelated to the study. The IPC procedure was well tolerated by all subjects. After two-week IPC training, knee extensor MVC increased in the paretic leg (45.0 ± 2.7 Nm vs. 52.6 ± 5.7 Nm). Fatigability of the muscles was dramatically reduced after IPC training as TTF tripled (359 ± 180 seconds vs. 1097 ± 343 seconds). Conclusions: We are the first group to show that IPC is a well-tolerated and effective stimulus to improve paretic leg strength and reduce muscle fatigability in subjects with chronic stroke. The results of this pilot study warrant a larger study to determine whether IPC improves muscle performance post-stroke through neural, vascular, or muscle-related mechanisms.

Technology to enhance arm and hand function

2020 ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Arthur Prochazka
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Improve Motor Function ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Robotic Devices

About 2% of people have weak or paralysed upper limbs (ULs) due to stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI). Physiotherapy involving exercise can improve motor function in many such cases, but the time and resources required are often unavailable. Adherence to repeated intensive exercise tends to decline, especially after participants leave the clinical environment. There is a need for technology that can restore neuromuscular control and improve motivation by making exercise therapy enjoyable, and that extends the therapy into the home with the use of remote communication (e.g. ‘tele-coaching’). Over the last 20 years many devices have been developed and tested. Neuroprostheses (NPs) that activate UL muscles with functional electrical stimulation (FES) either via surface or implanted electrodes are now commercially available or in clinical trials. The use of robotic devices to enhance exercise therapy has been an active area of research and development. Recent studies indicate that improvements in motor function depend largely on the efforts made by the participant. This chapter reviews conventional exercise therapy, FES, and robotic and passive exercise devices that improve motor function and enhance engagement in UL rehabilitation. It is suggested that important developments in the next few years will include the widespread availability of affordable FES and in-home exercise devices, and the gradual adoption of tele-coaching over the internet.

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