Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex and robot-assisted arm training in chronic incomplete cervical spinal cord injury: A proof of concept sham-randomized clinical study

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuray Yozbatiran ◽  
Zafer Keser ◽  
Matthew Davis ◽  
Argyrios Stampas ◽  
Marcia. K. O’Malley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Cord Injury

Adaptation in the motor cortex following cervical spinal cord injury

Neurology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Mikulis ◽  
M. T. Jurkiewicz ◽  
W. E. McIlroy ◽  
W. R. Staines ◽  
L. Rickards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Robot-Assisted Training of Arm and Hand Movement Shows Functional Improvements for Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. S171-S177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard E. Francisco ◽  
Nuray Yozbatiran ◽  
Jeffrey Berliner ◽  
Marcia K. OʼMalley ◽  
Ali Utku Pehlivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Cord Injury

The role of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex in movement control after spinal cord injury: A TMS study

2013 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Nardone ◽  
Yvonne Höller ◽  
Peter Höller ◽  
Natasha Thon ◽  
Aljoscha Thomschewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Afferent input and sensory function after human spinal cord injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep A. Ozdemir ◽  
Monica A. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
The Brain

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often disrupts the integrity of afferent (sensory) axons projecting through the spinal cord dorsal columns to the brain. Examinations of ascending sensory tracts, therefore, are critical for monitoring the extent of SCI and recovery processes. In this review, we discuss the most common electrophysiological techniques used to assess transmission of afferent inputs to the primary motor cortex (i.e., afferent input-induced facilitation and inhibition) and the somatosensory cortex [i.e., somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), dermatomal SSEPs, and electrical perceptual thresholds] following human SCI. We discuss how afferent input modulates corticospinal excitability by involving cortical and spinal mechanisms depending on the timing of the effects, which need to be considered separately for upper and lower limb muscles. We argue that the time of arrival of afferent input onto the sensory and motor cortex is critical to consider in plasticity-induced protocols in humans with SCI. We also discuss how current sensory exams have been used to detect differences between control and SCI participants but might be less optimal to characterize the level and severity of injury. There is a need to conduct some of these electrophysiological examinations during functionally relevant behaviors to understand the contribution of impaired afferent inputs to the control, or lack of control, of movement. Thus the effects of transmission of afferent inputs to the brain need to be considered on multiple functions following human SCI.

scholarly journals Forelimb Motor Skills Deficits Following Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: Underlying Dopaminergic and Neural Oscillatory Changes in Rat Primary Motor Cortex

ASN NEURO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175909142110440
Author(s):  
Omid Salimi ◽  
Hamid Soltani Zangbar ◽  
Soheila Hajizadeh Shadiabad ◽  
Meysam Ghorbani ◽  
Tahereh Ghadiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
R And D ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Skills Learning

The loss of spinal sensorimotor pathways following spinal cord injury (SCI) can induce retrograde neurodegeneration in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, the effect of thoracic SCI on forelimb motor skills has not been studied clearly. So, herein we aimed to examine the effects of the thoracic SCI model on forelimb motor skills learning, parallel with dopaminergic and oscillatory changes in hindlimb and forelimb areas (HLA and FLA) of M1 in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly subjected to laminectomy (Control) or contusion SCI at the thoracic (T10) level. Oscillatory activity and motor skills performance were evaluated for six consecutive days using local field potential (LFP) recording and skilled forelimb reaching task, respectively. Dopamine (DA) levels and expression of dopamine receptors (D1R and D2R) were determined in HLA and FLA by ELISA and western blotting. LFP recording results showed a sustained increase of LFP power in SCI rats compared with uninjured rats through skilled reaching training. Also, the SCI group had a lower reaching performance and learning rate in contrast to the Control group. Biochemical analysis of HLA and FLA showed a reduction in DA levels and expression of D1R and D2R after SCI. According to these findings, thoracic SCI causes aberrant changes in the oscillatory activity and dopaminergic system of M1, which are not restricted to HLA but also found in FLA accompanied by a deficit in forelimb motor skills performance. Summary statement: The reorganization of the primary motor cortex, following spinal cord injury, is not restricted to the hind limb area, and interestingly extends to the forelimb limb area, which appears as a dysfunctional change in oscillations and dopaminergic system, associated with a deficit in motor skills learning of forelimb.

What is the functional relevance of reorganization in primary motor cortex after spinal cord injury?

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Urbin ◽  
Dylan A. Royston ◽  
Douglas J. Weber ◽  
Michael L. Boninger ◽  
Jennifer L. Collinger
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Relevance
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document