Changes in simple visual matching task performance and physiological signals in intellectually and developmentally disabled people due to administration of highly concentrated oxygen

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung-Sik Kim ◽  
Mi-Hyun Choi ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kim ◽  
Hong-Won Yeon ◽  
Hee-Jeong Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Developmentally Disabled ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Visual Matching

scholarly journals The foggy effect of egocentric distance in a nonverbal paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Dong ◽  
Airui Chen ◽  
Yuting Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Perception ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Egocentric Distance ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Distance Range ◽  
Verbal Estimation ◽  
Vista Space ◽  
Visual Matching ◽  
Speed Perception

AbstractInaccurate egocentric distance and speed perception are two main explanations for the high accident rate associated with driving in foggy weather. The effect of foggy weather on speed has been well studied. However, its effect on egocentric distance perception is poorly understood. The paradigm for measuring perceived egocentric distance in previous studies was verbal estimation instead of a nonverbal paradigm. In the current research, a nonverbal paradigm, the visual matching task, was used. Our results from the nonverbal task revealed a robust foggy effect on egocentric distance. Observers overestimated the egocentric distance in foggy weather compared to in clear weather. The higher the concentration of fog, the more serious the overestimation. This effect of fog on egocentric distance was not limited to a certain distance range but was maintained in action space and vista space. Our findings confirm the foggy effect with a nonverbal paradigm and reveal that people may perceive egocentric distance more "accurately" in foggy weather than when it is measured with a verbal estimation task.

Current Task Activation Predicts General Effects of Advance Preparation in Task Switching

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edita Poljac ◽  
Ab de Haan ◽  
Gerard P. van Galen
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Shape Matching ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Task Switch ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
And Task

Two experiments investigated the way that beforehand preparation influences general task execution in reaction-time matching tasks. Response times (RTs) and error rates were measured for switching and nonswitching conditions in a color- and shape-matching task. The task blocks could repeat (task repetition) or alternate (task switch), and the preparation interval (PI) was manipulated within-subjects (Experiment 1) and between-subjects (Experiment 2). The study illustrated a comparable general task performance after a long PI for both experiments, within and between PI manipulations. After a short PI, however, the general task performance increased significantly for the between-subjects manipulation of the PI. Furthermore, both experiments demonstrated an analogous preparation effect for both task switching and task repetitions. Next, a consistent switch cost throughout the whole run of trials and a within-run slowing effect were observed in both experiments. Altogether, the present study implies that the effects of the advance preparation go beyond the first trials and confirms different points of the activation approach ( Altmann, 2002) to task switching.

scholarly journals Proprioception is subject-specific and improved without performance feedback

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhe Wang ◽  
Ziyan Zhu ◽  
Inoue Kana ◽  
Yuanzheng Yu ◽  
Hao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Neural Network Classifier ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Visual Matching

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that the human’s proprioception map appears subject-specific. However, whether the idiosyncratic pattern persists across time with good within-subject consistency has not been quantitatively examined. Here we measured the proprioception by a hand visual-matching task in multiple sessions over two days. We found that people improved their proprioception when tested repetitively without performance feedback. Importantly, despite the reduction of average error, the spatial pattern of proprioception errors remained idiosyncratic. Based on individuals’ proprioceptive performance, a standard convolutional neural network classifier could identify people with good accuracy. We also found that subjects’ baseline proprioceptive performance could not predict their motor performance in a visual trajectory-matching task even though both tasks require accurate mapping of hand position to visual targets in the same workspace. Using a separate experiment, we not only replicated these findings but also ruled out the possibility that performance feedback during a few familiarization trials caused the observed improvement in proprioception. We conclude that the conventional proprioception test itself, even without feedback, can improve proprioception but leave the idiosyncrasy of proprioception unchanged.

Seeing Gender: Perceptual Representations of Transgender Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-482
Author(s):  
Kristina Howansky ◽  
Analia Albuja ◽  
Shana Cole
Keyword(s):  
Matching Task ◽  
Gender Typicality ◽  
Perceptual Representations ◽  
Visual Matching

In four studies, we explored perceptual representations of the gender-typicality of transgender individuals. In Studies 1a and 1b, participants ( N = 237) created an avatar based on an image of an individual who disclosed being transgender or did not. Avatars generated in the transgender condition were less gender-typical—that is, transmen were less masculine and transwomen were less feminine—than those created in the control condition. In Study 2 ( N = 368), using a unique visual matching task, participants represented a target labeled transgender as less gender-typical than the same target labeled cisgender. In Study 3 ( N = 228), perceptual representations of transwomen as less gender-typical led to lower acceptability of feminine behavior and less endorsement that the target should be categorized as female. We discuss how biased perceptual representations may contribute to the stigmatization and marginalization of transgender individuals.

scholarly journals Assessment of Emotional States Through Physiological Signals and Its Application in Music Therapy for Disabled People

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 127659-127671
Author(s):  
Andrea Valenzuela Ramirez ◽  
Gemma Hornero ◽  
Daniel Royo ◽  
Angel Aguilar ◽  
Oscar Casas
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Disabled People

Effects of Multisensory Training in Perceptual Learning

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed P. Luchow ◽  
Margaret Jo Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tactile Input ◽  
Multisensory Training ◽  
Visual Matching ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Multisensory Input

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of multisensory input on the performance of learning disabled boys on a visual matching task. A thirty-item multiple-choice visual dot pattern matching task was given to 160 boys, ages 6 years through 8 years, 11 months, who were enrolled in special classes for children with learning problems. Of the four treatment groups (visual input only, visual plus tactile input, visual plus auditory input, visual plus auditory plus tactile input), the difference between the means of the visual only and visual-auditory and visual-auditory-tactile groups was significant at p<.05. The results suggest that on a perceptual task not related to reading or mathematics, the addition of input from tactile and auditory sensory modalities does not improve learning performance and, in certain combinations, actually interferes with such performance.

scholarly journals Sequential sensory and decision processing in posterior parietal cortex

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilhem Ibos ◽  
David J Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Visual Matching ◽  
Posterior Parietal

Decisions about the behavioral significance of sensory stimuli often require comparing sensory inference of what we are looking at to internal models of what we are looking for. Here, we test how neuronal selectivity for visual features is transformed into decision-related signals in posterior parietal cortex (area LIP). Monkeys performed a visual matching task that required them to detect target stimuli composed of conjunctions of color and motion-direction. Neuronal recordings from area LIP revealed two main findings. First, the sequential processing of visual features and the selection of target-stimuli suggest that LIP is involved in transforming sensory information into decision-related signals. Second, the patterns of color and motion selectivity and their impact on decision-related encoding suggest that LIP plays a role in detecting target stimuli by comparing bottom-up sensory inputs (what the monkeys were looking at) and top-down cognitive encoding inputs (what the monkeys were looking for).

Cross-Modal Associations Between Color and Touch: Mapping Haptic and Tactile Terms to the Surface of the Munsell Color Solid

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 691-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Wright ◽  
Yasmina Jraissati ◽  
Dila Özçelik
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Mediating Role

This study investigated cross-modal associations between color and touch using a matching task. Participants matched colors drawn from the surface of the Munsell color solid to antonym pairs of haptic/tactile adjectives. For most of the term pairs assessed (soft/hard, smooth/rough, flat/uneven, slippery/not slippery, light/heavy, thin/thick and round/sharp) matching appears predominantly influenced by lightness, with the first term from each pair matched to light colors and the other to dark colors, a result in close agreement with previous research. For two terms, warm and wet, there were clear influences of hue on task performance. There were also similarities between patterns of color matching to several of the haptic/tactile terms assessed and color matching to another term, dislike. This suggests valence may play a mediating role in cross-modal associations involving touch and color.

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