Newborn drug testing practices in Iowa birthing hospitals

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Wood ◽  
P. Smith ◽  
M.D. Krasowski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Birthing Hospitals

scholarly journals ‘Zero Tolerance’ Drug Driving Laws in Australia: A Gap Between Rationale and Form?

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Quilter ◽  
Luke McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Random Drug Testing ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Breath Testing ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

Legislation in all Australian states and territories creates offences and provides for police roadside testing in relation to ‘drug driving’. Ostensibly motivated by the same road safety objectives and impairment paradigm as drink driving laws, drug driving laws adopt a significantly different approach. Whereas random breath testing tests for all forms of alcohol and is designed to determine whether there is a sufficient concentration of alcohol in the driver’s body that s/he should be deemed to be impaired, random drug testing typically tests for the presence of any quantity of only the three most widely used illicit drugs—cannabis, methamphetamine and ecstasy—in the driver’s oral fluids, without reference to what is known about the different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic qualities of different drugs. This article examines this idiosyncratic approach to the criminalisation of drug driving, highlighting its weak correlation with the important road safety objective of deterring substance-impaired driving, and the risks of both over- and under-criminalisation that it creates. It argues that public policy on the prohibition of certain drugs and the criminalisation of their use should be disentangled from public policy on impaired driving. It recommends that drug driving laws in all Australian jurisdictions should be brought back into line with drink driving laws, via legislation and testing practices that turn on substance-specific prescribed concentrations for all drugs (illicit and licit) that have the potential to impair drivers.

scholarly journals Recommendations for Toxicological Investigation of Drug-Impaired Driving and Motor Vehicle Fatalities – 2021 Update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L D’Orazio ◽  
Amanda L A Mohr ◽  
Ayako Chan-Hosokawa ◽  
Curt Harper ◽  
Marilyn A Huestis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
Toxicological Investigation ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Tier I

ABSTRACT This report describes updates to the National Safety Council’s (NSC) Alcohol, Drugs, and Impairment Division’s (ADID) recommendations for drug testing in Driving Under the Influence of Drugs (DUID) cases and motor vehicle fatalities. The updates are based on a survey of drug testing practices in laboratories in the United States and Canada, a comprehensive review of the prior recommendations, and data and research on drugs most frequently detected in DUID cases. A consensus meeting was held with representative forensic science practitioners and the authors of this report to update recommendations. No changes were made to the Tier I scope; however, there were changes to cutoffs of some analytes for blood, urine and oral fluid. Due to increased prevalence in DUID cases, trazodone and difluoroethane were added to the Tier II scope. For clarification, Tier I cutoffs reflect free concentrations, and hydrolysis is recommended but not required. The consensus panel concluded that urine is an inferior matrix to blood and oral fluid as it may represent historical use or exposure unrelated to observed impairment; therefore, future iterations of these recommendations will not include urine as a recommended matrix. Laboratories currently testing urine should work with traffic safety partners to encourage the use of blood and oral fluid as more appropriate specimens and adjust their capabilities to provide that testing.

Drug testing practices in the US construction industry in 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Olbina ◽  
Jimmie Hinze ◽  
Christopher Arduengo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Testing Practices

Racial/ethnic differences in report of drug testing practices at the workplace level in the U.S.

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Becker ◽  
Salimah Meghani ◽  
Jeanette M. Tetrault ◽  
David A. Fiellin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The U.S

Test Use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Latin American Countries

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.

Developing a Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education.

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1062-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Fremer ◽  
Esther E. Diamond ◽  
Wayne J. Camara
Keyword(s):  
Testing Practices
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