Early Intervention and Crime Prevention Perspectives from the Frontline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Margaret Deveau
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Criminal Behaviors

In this critical review and social innovative narrative, the author details their perspective on early intervention and prevention in relation to terrorism, radicalization, and extremism. Drawing on over 10 years of frontline experience as a teacher, police officer, and registered social worker, the author discusses the interdisciplinary approach that is crucial in preventing and resolving criminal behaviors especially as it relates to terrorism, radicalization, and extremism. While the paper focuses on this global act of violence, the discussion does not only apply to terrorism and radicalization. There are a multitude of psycho-social factors that may cause one to become vulnerable, making them susceptible to being recruited and/or engaging in criminal activity especially for women who have historically and currently been disadvantaged. The following will discuss why the current approach in crime prevention and detection follows a more reactive model. Ultimately it will consider whether the current approach, that is largely driven by law enforcement and security who are at the forefront in resolving these issues, is the most effective approach in crime resolution.

Policing in divided societies: Officer inclusion, citizen cooperation, and crime prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-604
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Nanes
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Domestic Security

How does demographic inclusion in domestic security institutions affect security provision in divided societies? Police officers rely on information from citizens to identify problems and allocate resources efficiently. Where conflict along identity lines erodes trust between citizens and the state, the police face difficulty obtaining information, hindering their ability to provide public safety. I argue that inclusiveness in the police rank-and-file addresses this problem by fostering cooperation from previously excluded segments of society. I test this argument in Israel and its conflict between the Jewish majority and non-Jewish minority. First, a survey of 804 Israeli citizens shows that non-Jews who perceive the police as more inclusive are more willing to provide the police with information. I then use original panel data on police officer demographics at every police station in Israel over a six year period to show that increases in police inclusiveness are associated with decreases in crime.

scholarly journals Historiografía de la regionalización en Colombia: una mirada institucional e interdisciplinar, 1902-1987

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-67
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Rueda Enciso ◽  
Renzo Ramírez Bacca
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Normal School ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
National University

El artículo ofrece una revisión historiográfica sobre la construcción de tipológicas regionales del caso colombiano. Tienen en cuenta sus dinámicas y aportes académicos e institucionales, en algunos casos, para rendir cuenta de la limitación de los enfoques, y en otros para ofrecerlo a modo de contexto. Los aportes de la Academia Colombiana de Historia, la Escuela Normal Superior, el Instituto Etnológico Nacional, la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, entre otras instituciones; pero también de académicos como López de Mesa, Zalamea Borda, García Nossa, Vila Dinarés, Hernández de Alba Lesmes,  Guhl Nimtz, Fornaguera, Abadía Morales, Jaramillo Uribe, Gutiérrez de Pineda y Fals Borda, entre otros autores, son revisados de modo cronológico y lineal entre 1902-1987. La pregunta central es: ¿cuáles son los inicios, tendencias y fuentes de la regionalización colombiana? Su respuesta se apoya en una revisión bibliográfica crítica de autores y fuentes de los principales exponentes de una visión regional nacional del país. Palabras clave: regionalización, historiografía, región, ciencias sociales y humanas, Colombia  Historiography of regionalization in Colombia:  an institutional and interdisciplinary approach 1902-1987AbstractThe article offers a historiographical review about construction of regional typologies of the Colombian case. It takes into account its dynamics, and the academic and institutional contributions, in some cases to account for the limitation of the approaches, and in others, to offer them by way of context. The contributions of the Colombian Academy of History, the Superior Normal School, the National Ethnological Institute , National University of Colombia , among other institutions, but also of academic as López de Mesa, Zalamea Borda, García Nossa,  Vila Dinarés, Hernandez de Alba Lesmes, Guhl Nimtz, Fornaguera Abbey Morales, Jaramillo Uribe, Gutiérrez de Pineda and Fals Borda, among others, are reviewed in chronological and linear fashion between 1902-1987. The central question is: what are the early, tendencies and sources of regionalization in Colombian? Its answer is based on a critical review of literature authors, and the main sources of the exponents of a regional vision national for the country. Keywords: regionalization, historiography, region, social and human sciences, Colombia.

The effects of absent fathers on adolescent criminal activity: an economic approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
David M. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Absent Fathers ◽  
Lagged Dependent Variable ◽  
Criminal Behaviors ◽  
Least Squares Estimates

Abstract Simple ordinary least squares estimates indicate that absent fathers boost probabilities of adolescent criminal behavior by 16–38%, but those numbers likely are biased by unobserved heterogeneity. This paper first presents an economic model explaining that unobserved heterogeneity. Then turning to empirics, fixed effects, which attempt to address that bias, suggest that absent fathers reduce certain types of adolescent crime, while lagged-dependent variable models suggest the opposite. Those conflicting conclusions are resolved by an approach that combines those two estimators using an orthogonal reparameterization approach, with model parameters calculated using a Bayesian algorithm. The main finding is that absent fathers do not appear to directly affect adolescent criminal activity. Rather, families with absent fathers possess traits that appear to correlate with increased adolescent criminal behaviors.

Harald Wezler som erindringsforsker: En viderefører af Halbwachs-Assmann-traditionen?

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Eric Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Work ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Bernard Eric Jensen: Harald Welzer’s Approach to Memory Research An analysis of the approach to memory research found in the writings of Harald Welzer is presented. At the present time, Welzer is head of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Memory Research at Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut in Essen, Germany. He has contributed both empirical surveys and theoretical analyses to memory research during the last decade. At a first glance, Welzer’s approach appears to belong neatly within the tradition of memory research that was originally founded by the French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs, and which Aleida and Jan Assmann have been seeking to revive and develop since the 1980’s by introducing concepts such as “communicative and cultural memory” as well as “storage memory” (Speicher-Gedächtnis) and “use memory” (Funktions-Gedächtnis). On closer inspection, however, it transpires that Welzer’s approach cannot be characterised as a mere refinement of the approach taken by the Assmanns. This is partly because Welzer is attempting to develop an interdisciplinary approach, focused on the intricate relationships between biological, psychological and social factors in ongoing memory work. Apart from focussing of the work of Welzer, this article also seeks to highlight the state of “terminological anarchy” that characterises memory research at the present time, making it next to impossible to make direct comparisons between different theoretical approaches. This state of anarchy becomes transparent as soon as one begins to scrutinize the meanings of those adjectives, which nowadays are fixed to the term memory – for instance, “communicative”, “cultural”, “historical” and/or “social” memory. 

Early Recognition of Suspicious Activity for Crime Prevention

2018 ◽  
pp. 2139-2165
Author(s):  
M. Kalaiselvi Geetha ◽  
J. Arunnehru ◽  
A. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Early Prediction ◽  
Interest Point ◽  
Prediction Problem ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
2D And 3D

Automatic identification and early prediction of suspicious human activities are of significant importance in video surveillance research. By recognizing and predicting a criminal activity at an early stage, regrettable incidents can be avoided. Initially, an action recognition framework is developed for identifying the suspicious actions using interest point based 2D and 3D features and transform based approaches. This is subsequently followed by a novel approach for predicting the suspicious actions for crime prevention in real-world scenario. The prediction problem is formulated probabilistically and a novel approach that employs the mixture models for prediction is introduced. The developed system yields promising results for predicting the actions in real-time.

Crime Records Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 3653-3656
Author(s):  
Asha Pandian ◽  
Ravuru Sai Harsha ◽  
Porachenu Ravi Theja ◽  
Tadavarthi Sai Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Management System ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
Police Service ◽  
Crime Data

The suggested work extends to all of the police cells around the whole country and tackles the problem of Crime Data Management in particular. Crime prevention, identification, and prosecution of offenders is well understood to rely on an extremely sensitive framework of data management. Police service reliability and the potential with which it fights violence depends on the type of info they can obtain from their current databases and how easily they can gain it. The program will initially be applied across the complete cities and the towns and then interconnected so as a police officer can gather data from all databases in the state itself, thus serving to solve investigations efficiently and effectively. The project was designed to take a view of distributed architecture, with unified database depot. The program was intended for the data storage. Using the SQL server’s constructs and all the user interfaces were built utilizing DOT Net techniques.

Perceptions of Bystander Willingness to Intervene on Behalf of Victims of Criminal Assaults: Implications for the Development of Coproductive Strategies

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Willingness To Intervene ◽  
Professional Law ◽  
And Gender

Crime prevention through the use of strategies designed to reduce opportunities for criminal activity is recognized as both practical and cost effective (NCPI, 1986). Routine strategies tend to focus on a siege or fortification model (NCPI, 1986; Sheleff, 1978; Jeffery, 1977; Newman, 1972) that may be neither possible nor desirable. A crime prevention strategy that goes beyond the fortification model routinely suggested by professional law enforcement involves the concept of coproduction (Schneider, 1986). Described as providing collective goods for the common welfare of the citizens (Ostrom, 1973), this concept is implicit in studies seeking to understand the behavior of witnesses (bystanders) in emergency situations. This study, based on a survey of New York city subway riders, examines the relationship between personal factors associated with bystanders and the likelihood of their intervention on behalf of a person being victimized in a criminal attack, i.e., their participation in coproduction. The findings identify a)bystander assessments regarding the likelihood that other bystanders will or will not intervene as the strongest predictor of willingness to intervene in these situations, and b)a composite model consisting of the other bystander willingness, carrying a self protective device, and gender variables as having the best goodness of fit score.

Social factors in patients for artificial insemination by donor (AID)

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Ledward ◽  
L. Crawford ◽  
E.M. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Social Worker ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Medical Social Worker ◽  
At Home

SummaryA programme of artificial insemination, using donor semen, within the NHS began in Nottingham in 1975. Since the inception of the programme all couples have been interviewed by a senior medical social worker, either at home or, later in the programme, within the clinics. This paper reports on features including education, employment, relationship to fertility status, relationship to parents and childhood, religion and reaction to adoption or fostering from the first 147 couples interviewed. All couples have stated a willingness for follow-up assessments and further studies are planned to review their marriages and psychological make-up in later years.

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