Applying the Illinois Work and Well-Being Model to increase labor force participation among people with multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Strauser ◽  
Phillip D. Rumrill, ◽  
Chelsea Greco
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Well Being

Structural Change and Women’s Employment Potential in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-476
Author(s):  
Valerie Mueller ◽  
Emily Schmidt ◽  
Dylan Kirkleeng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
Employment Potential

We use the Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey to evaluate the extent women are included in Myanmar’s dynamic transformation process and the relative barriers that prohibit their inclusion between 2005 and 2010. Women play an active role in the labor force during a period of massive structural change. Their growing importance is substantiated by their increasing placement in manufacturing jobs near and away from home. Despite their increasing labor force participation, women’s engagement in manufacturing is negatively associated with household welfare. This may be a function of a gender pay gap or reflect households’ inability to substitute the labor of women to complete specific tasks related to household production. Future investments in surveys in Myanmar will improve our ability to identify which factors systematically provide an enabling environment for female labor participation, mobility, and improvements in well-being.

scholarly journals Labor-Force Participation, Policies & Practices in an Aging America: Adaptation Essential for a Healthy & Resilient Population

Daedalus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa F. Berkman ◽  
Axel Boersch-Supan ◽  
Mauricio Avendano
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Younger Workers

Population aging in the United States poses challenges to societal institutions while simultaneously creating opportunities to build a more resilient, successful, and cohesive society. Work organization and labor-force participation are central to both the opportunities and challenges posed by our aging society. We argue that expectations about old age have not sufficiently adapted to the reality of aging today. Our institutions need more adaptation in order to successfully face the consequences of demographic change. Although this adaptation needs to focus especially on work patterns among the “younger elderly,” our society has to change its general attitudes toward work organization and labor-force participation, which will have implications for education and health care. We also show that work's beneficial effects on well-being in older ages are often neglected, while the idea that older workers displace younger workers is a misconception emerging from the “lump-of-labor” fallacy. We conclude, therefore, that working at older ages can lead to better quality of life for older people and to a more productive and resilient society overall.

Economic Well-being

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba ◽  
Nancy Foner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The West ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Labor Market Inequality ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter looks at the economic situations of the immigrants. They have uprooted themselves in the search for better economic prospects, but profound changes in the economic structures of the rich societies of the West in recent years raise serious doubts about whether their aspirations will be fulfilled and therefore about the starting point for the next generation. The chapter then explores the implications of growing labor market inequality and precarious work for the economic incorporation of immigrants, including rates of labor force participation, unemployment, and risks of poverty. The emphasis is on how immigrants are doing compared to natives in the countries where they live, with the emphasis on low-status immigrants.

scholarly journals Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government—Fighting Poverty: Lessons from Recent U.S. History

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Blank
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Welfare Dependence

Welfare reform efforts in the 1990s aimed at reducing welfare dependence and moving women into work. Public assistance use fell and labor force participation among mothers rose at a stunning rate over the decade. Poverty declined, but at a slower rate. These changes are causally related to the strong macroeconomy, welfare reform efforts, and other policy changes, especially the EITC and minimum wage expansions. This paper concludes that all of these effects reinforced each other, producing very large behavioral changes. It is too early to predict the effects of these changes on long-term family well-being.

scholarly journals Health and Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Bloom ◽  
Michael Kuhn ◽  
Klaus Prettner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects

The strong observable correlation between health and economic growth is crucial for economic development and sustained well-being, but the underlying causality and mechanisms are difficult to conceptualize. Three issues are of central concern. First, assessing and disentangling causality between health and economic growth are empirically challenging. Second, the relation between health and economic growth changes over the process of economic development. In less developed countries, poor health often reduces labor force participation, particularly among women, and deters investments in education such that fertility stays high and the economy remains trapped in a stagnation equilibrium. By contrast, in more developed countries, health investments primarily lead to rising longevity, which may not significantly affect labor force participation and workforce productivity. Third, different dimensions of health (mortality vs. morbidity, children’s and women’s health, and health at older ages) relate to different economic effects. By changing the duration and riskiness of the life course, mortality affects individual investment choices, whereas morbidity relates more directly to work productivity and education. Children’s health affects their education and has long-lasting implications for labor force participation and productivity later in life. Women’s health is associated with substantial intergenerational spillover effects and influences women’s empowerment and fertility decisions. Finally, health at older ages has implications for retirement and care.

scholarly journals The Causes and Consequences of Increased Female Education and Labor Force Participation in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 344-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Heath ◽  
Seema Jayachandran
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sectoral Shift

Two important recent trends in most developing countries are the rise in female labor force participation and the closing of gender gaps in school enrollment. This article begins by exploring the causes of the increases in female education, which include greater job availability and policy interventions that have promoted girls’ education. The article then explores the causes of increased female employment, which include a sectoral shift from “brawn-based” industries to services, as well as policies that have increased girls’ education. The article also discusses the effects of these increases in female education and labor supply, particularly for the well-being of women.

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