Hybrid routing protocol for VANETs: Delay and trust based approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Mamata J. Sataraddi ◽  
Mahabaleshwar S. Kakkasageri
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocol

VANET is mainly aimed at providing safety and security related information and traffic management. In future, VANET contributes to smart transportation system. Based on vehicle mobility, different routing protocols and traffic models were developed. In routing, trust between vehicles place an important role to forward safety related information. This paper aims at design of trust and delay based routing for hybrid communication in sparse VANET to avoid network attacks by malicious nodes. The proposed hybrid routing protocol works on the computation of trust in between vehicles and message reachable time (MRT). Route selection is done by considering the highest trust factor and minimum MRT. The performance effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated by comparing with the Delay-aware and Backbone-based Geographic Routing for Urban VANETs (DBGR). The proposed scheme exhibits better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, bandwidth utilization, end-to-end delay and control overheads.

scholarly journals Design an Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol Strategy to Minimize Delay & Overhead for MANET

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2407-2419
Author(s):  
Advin Manhar, Dr. Deepak Dembla
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocol ◽  
Better Than

Mobile adhoc networks (MANET) are a self-coordinated wireless network that is worked without perpetual foundation and base station endorsement. In MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) every single node activity goes about as the information source and communicator router. It notices its useful neighbours by making themselves by passing the nodes that got terminated of that correspondence range. In this paper, we designed the IHRP routing protocol with the help of combining the AODV, AOMDV and OLSR routing protocol with the network situation based routing adaptation. In the previous analysis, we identify AODV is more compatible for dynamic environment (where node motion is higher).The AOMDV routing protocol is useful for network load balancing and congestion control. OLSR is compatible for stable network which use as maximum link stability base routing. While we are designing the IHRP routing protocol through of the above (AODV, AOMDV and OLSR) protocol .We handle the network behaviour with better performance in any situation. Initially the RREP are broadcasted to find out the route. The poll of routing, select based on the network situation. The proposed IHRP start with a RREQ packet is to search the distance from its origin to its objective node. The network motion is higher than AODV protocol handle the particular situation but in any situation, while the 70% network node are stable then the route selection and transferring of data with the help of an OLSR routing protocol. The propose IHRP routing protocol also handle the network load and control the network congestion through the AOMDV routing protocol. Our proposed protocol IHRP also works in a hybrid manner while the source and destination belong in longer range such as different cluster. At that time situation based routing was followed between the clusters. We saw in the result part the comparison of IHRP and ZRP routing protocol. Execution of the improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) is much better than hybrid routing protocol (ZRP). In case of Packet Delivery Ratio analysis for IHRP and ZRP, we clearly show that The Packet Delivery Ratio is 97.99% by IHRP and 79.49% by ZRP, so we can say that the performance of packet delivery ratio in Improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) is much better than ZRP, where Improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) and hybrid routing protocol (ZRP) both performed the conjunction of proactive and reactive routing protocol features therefore we can say that Packet Delivery Ratio is better in improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) as compare to hybrid routing protocol (ZRP). We clearly show that the Normal Routing Load analysis for IHRP and ZRP where Normal Routing Load is 0.11% by IHRP and 4.72 % by ZRP, so we can say that performance of Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) in case of a Normal Routing Load   is much less than the Hybrid Routing Protocol (ZRP). In case of overall parameter matrix (Normal Routing Load, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and Average End To End Delay) the performance of Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) is much better than existing Hybrid routing protocol (ZRP).

scholarly journals EpSoc: Social-Based Epidemic-Based Routing Protocol in Opportunistic Mobile Social Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halikul Lenando ◽  
Mohamad Alrfaay
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Epidemic Routing ◽  
Average Latency ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocol

In opportunistic networks, the nature of intermittent and disruptive connections degrades the efficiency of routing. Epidemic routing protocol is used as a benchmark for most of routing protocols in opportunistic mobile social networks (OMSNs) due to its high message delivery and latency. However, Epidemic incurs high cost in terms of overhead and hop count. In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing protocol called EpSoc which utilizes the Epidemic routing forwarding strategy and exploits an important social feature, that is, degree centrality. Two techniques are used in EpSoc. Messages’ TTL is adjusted based on the degree centrality of nodes, and the message blocking mechanism is used to control replication. Simulation results show that EpSoc increases the delivery ratio and decreases the overhead ratio, the average latency, and the hop counts as compared to Epidemic and Bubble Rap.

scholarly journals An Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol Combining MANET and DTN

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wook Kang ◽  
Yun Won Chung
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Virtual Source ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Hybrid Protocols ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocol

Hybrid protocols combining a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and a delay tolerant network (DTN) have recently been proposed. In these works, a whole network is fragmented, and MANET is generally used for intra-fragment communication, while DTN is used for inter-fragment communication. In this paper, an improved hybrid routing protocol was proposed, wherein virtual source nodes are selected based on the delivery predictability to the destination node if routing path to the destination node is not successfully established using MANET protocol. Then, messages are delivered to the destination node from the original source node and selected virtual source nodes. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed protocol with appropriate selection of delivery predictability threshold values has a better delivery ratio than conventional protocol, at the expense of overhead ratio in the considered parameter setting.

An Evolutionary Mobility Aware Multi-Objective Hybrid Routing Algorithm for Heterogeneous WSNs

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-237
Author(s):  
Nandkumar Prabhakar Kulkarni ◽  
Neeli Rashmi Prasad ◽  
Ramjee Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Mobile Wireless Sensor ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocol

Researchers have faced numerous challenges while designing WSNs and protocols in numerous applications. Amongst all sustaining connectivity and capitalizing on the network lifetime is a serious deliberation. To tackle these two problems, the authors have considered Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs). In this paper, the authors put forward an Evolutionary Mobility aware multi-objective hybrid Routing Protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (EMRP). EMRP selects the optimal path from source node to sink by means of various metrics such as Average Energy consumption, Control Overhead, Reaction Time, LQI, and HOP Count. The Performance of EMRP when equated with Simple Hybrid Routing Protocol (SHRP) and Dynamic Multi-Objective Routing Algorithm (DyMORA) using parameters such as Average Residual Energy (ARE), Delay and Normalized Routing Load. EMRP improves AES by a factor of 4.93% as related to SHRP and 5.15% as related to DyMORA. EMRP has a 6% lesser delay as compared with DyMORA.

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