Risk-Taking Behaviors in Huntington’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Katherine E. McDonell ◽  
Abagail E. Ciriegio ◽  
Anna C. Pfalzer ◽  
Lisa Hale ◽  
Shuhei Shiino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Background: Risky behaviors are common in Huntington’s disease (HD) and can lead to significant adverse consequences. However, the prevalence and scope of these symptoms have not been studied systematically, and no empirically validated measures are available to screen for them. Objective: To test a novel screening tool designed to assess risk-taking behaviors in HD. Methods: We administered the Risk Behavior Questionnaire (RBQ-HD) to HD patients and caregivers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 2018-2019. Patients completed the questionnaire based on self-report; caregivers provided collateral reports. Clinical and demographic information were obtained from the electronic medical record. Results: 60 patients and 60 caregivers completed the RBQ-HD. 80% of patients (n = 48) and 91.7% of caregivers (n = 60) reported at least one risky behavior. Adverse social behaviors, impulsive/compulsive behaviors, and reckless driving were the most common behavioral domains reported. Male patients were more likely to report risky behaviors than females (92.3% vs. 70.6%, p = 0.04). The number of risky behaviors reported by patients and caregivers was negatively correlated with patient age (r = –0.32, p = 0.01; r = –0.47, p = 0.0001, respectively). Patient and caregiver reports were highly correlated in matched pairs (n = 30; r = 0.63, p = 0.0002). Conclusion: These findings emphasize that risky behaviors are highly prevalent in HD and can be effectively identified through the use of a novel screening measure. We hypothesize that early pathological involvement of frontostriatal and mesolimbic networks may be important factors in the development of these behaviors.

Longitudinal Increases in Parent–Child Relationship Quality and Sensation Seeking Interact to Increase Risk-Taking During the College Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
João F. Guassi Moreira ◽  
Eva H. Telzer
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
College Transition ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Parent Child

We tested two competing predictions of whether changes in parent–child relationship quality buffer or exacerbate the association between sensation-seeking and risk-taking behaviors as individuals gain more independence during the high school–college transition. In the current longitudinal study, 287 participants completed self-report measures of sensation seeking, risk-taking, and parent–child relationship quality with their parents prior to starting college and again during their first semester. Overall, students displayed increases in risky behaviors, which were predicted by sensation seeking. Changes in relationship quality moderated the association between sensation seeking and risk-taking, such that sensation seeking predicted higher risk-taking behaviors during the first semester of college, but only for those who reported increases in relationship quality across the college transition. These results suggest that increased relationship quality may have an inadvertent spillover effect by interacting with sensation seeking to increase risky behaviors.

Implementation of a Brief Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) Skills Group in High Schools for At-Risk Youth: Going 4 Goals Protocol (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika Zapolski ◽  
MacKenzie Whitener ◽  
Shirin Khazvand ◽  
Queenisha Crichlow ◽  
Rebecca Revilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Skills Group ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

BACKGROUND Adolescence is a developmental period marked by engaging in risk-taking behaviors, with higher risk among youth who are impulsive or emotionally dysregulated. Thus, interventions that teach skills to reduce the risk for negative outcomes as a consequence of dysregulation are needed. Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) programs have been developed to address both adolescent emotion dysregulation and risk-taking behaviors. However, current programs have mostly been implemented among younger youth and have rarely been empirically evaluated for their effectiveness among high school students. OBJECTIVE The primary outcomes of the study are to test whether participating in the skills group intervention produces significant increases in the core DBT-A skills of mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness while also producing significant decreases in substance use and risky behaviors. These primary outcomes are based on changes in participant scores between baseline and post-intervention, as well as follow-ups at 1, 3, and 6 months in comparison to a control group of youth who are participating in the school’s health curriculum at the same time points. A secondary objective of this study is to also examine the acceptability, facilitators and barriers of the intervention through qualitative interviews with intervention participants and school staff. The current paper describes the protocol of the 9 session school-based adaptation of the DBT-A intervention and discussion of the strengths and limitations of the study, as well as future directions. METHODS N/A RESULTS N/A CONCLUSIONS N/A

F57 Psychiatric symptoms in huntington’s disease: correlations between interview and self-report measures in the capit-hd2 beta-testing study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel McMillan ◽  
Duncan McLauchlan ◽  
Monica Busse ◽  
Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi ◽  
Ralf Reilmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Beta Testing

scholarly journals Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in early-to-advanced stage Huntington’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Schindler ◽  
Nicole Pizzorni ◽  
Jenny Sassone ◽  
Lorenzo Nanetti ◽  
Anna Castaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Silent Aspiration ◽  
Scale Scores

Abstract Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disturbances, cognitive decline, and behaviour changes. A well-recognized feature of advanced HD is dysphagia, which leads to malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia, the latter being the primary cause of death in HD. Previous studies have underscored the importance of dysphagia in HD patients with moderate-to-advanced stage disease, but it is unclear whether dysphagia affects patients already at an early stage of disease and whether genetic or clinical factors can predict its severity. We performed fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in 61 patients with various stages of HD. Dysphagia was found in 35% of early-stage, 94% of moderate-stage, and 100% of advanced-stage HD. Silent aspiration was found in 7.7% of early-stage, 11.8% of moderate-stage, and 27.8% of advanced-stage HD. A strong correlation was observed between disease progression and dysphagia severity: worse dysphagia was associated with worsening of motor symptoms. Dysphagia severity as assessed by FEES correlated with Huntington’s Disease Dysphagia Scale scores (a self-report questionnaire specific for evaluating swallowing in HD). The present findings add to our understanding of dysphagia onset and progression in HD. A better understanding of dysphagia onset and progression in HD may inform guidelines for standard clinical care in dysphagia, its recognition, and management.

Risk-Taking Behaviors and Subgrouping of College Students

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Mohammadpoorasl ◽  
Abbas Abbasi Ghahramanloo ◽  
Hamid Allahverdipour
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Risk-taking behaviors have negative consequences on adolescent and young adult’s health. The aim of this study was to identify the subgroups of college students on the basis of risk-taking behaviors and to assess the role of demographic characteristics, religious beliefs, and parental support on membership of specific subgroup. The cross-sectional study took place in Tabriz (northwest of Iran) in April and May of 2011. The randomly selected sample consisted of 1,837 college students. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Latent class analysis was performed to achieve the study’s objectives. Four latent classes were identified: (a) low risk, (b) cigarette and hookah smoker, (c) sexual and drinking risk-takers (for males)/sexual risk takers (for females), and (d) high risk. Notably, 13.3% of the males and 4.3% of the females were in the high-risk class. The results identified evidence of protective influence of familial support and religiosity on risky behaviors. A fair number of college students, males in particular, were identified as high risk-takers. Design and implementation of preventive interventions for this segment of the population are necessary. Higher level of familial support and religiosity may serve as preventive factors in risk-taking behaviors.

scholarly journals An International Survey-based Algorithm for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviors in Huntington’s Disease

PLoS Currents ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. RRN1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Anderson ◽  
David Craufurd ◽  
Mary C. Edmondson ◽  
Nathan Goodman ◽  
Mark Groves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors

scholarly journals The assessment of physical risk taking: Preliminary construct validation of a new behavioral measure

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258826
Author(s):  
Edward A. Smith ◽  
Stephen D. Benning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Real World ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Outcome Scores ◽  
Physical Risk

Risk taking is a complex heterogeneous construct that has proven difficult to assess, especially when using behavioral tasks. We present an exploratory investigation of new measure–the Assessment of Physical Risk Taking (APRT). APRT produces a variety of different outcome scores and is designed as a comprehensive assessment of the probability of success and failure, and magnitude of reward and punishment of different types of simulated physically risky behaviors. Effects observed on the simulated behaviors are hypothesized to reflect similar effects on real world physical risks. Participants (N = 224) completed APRT in a laboratory setting, half of whom had a 1.5 s delay interposed between button presses. Exploratory analyses utilizing generalized estimating equations examined the main effects and two-way interactions among five within-subject factors, as well as two-way interactions between the within-subject factors and Delay across four APRT outcome scores. Results indicated that Injury Magnitude and Injury Probability exerted stronger effects than any of the other independent variables. Participants also completed several self-report measures of risk taking and associated constructs (e.g., sensation seeking), which were correlated with APRT scores to assess the preliminary convergent and divergent validity of the new measure. After correcting for multiple comparisons, APRT scores correlated with self-reported risk taking in thrilling, physically dangerous activities specifically, but only for those who did not have a delay between APRT responses. This promising exploratory investigation highlights the need for future studies comparing APRT to other behavioral risk taking tasks, examining the robustness of the observed APRT effects, and investigating how APRT may predict real-world physical risk taking.

ADHD-associated risk-taking: The role of benefit and risk perceptions

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S533-S533
Author(s):  
Y. Pollak ◽  
H. Aloni ◽  
R. Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Benefit Perception ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Benefit And Risk

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased engagement in risk-taking behaviors. The present study aimed to further our knowledge regarding the extent and the reasons for the association between ADHD symptoms and risk-taking, using a theory-driven behavioral economy theory. The Domain Specific Risk-Taking scale was used, on which 244 adults rated the likelihood of engagement in a range of risky behaviors, across five real life domains, as well as the magnitude of perceived benefit and risk they ascribed to these behaviors. Level of ADHD symptoms was positively correlated with engagement in risky behaviors and benefit perception, but not with risk perception. Mediation analysis confirmed that benefit perception, but not risk perception, mediated the association between ADHD symptoms and engagement in risk-taking behaviors (Fig. 1). These findings emphasize the role of benefit perception in facilitating risk-taking by people with ADHD symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Dysphagia characteristics in Huntington’s disease patients: insights from the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing and the Swallowing Disturbances Questionnaire

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Manor ◽  
Yael Oestreicher-Kedem ◽  
Alona Gad ◽  
Jennifer Zitser ◽  
Achinoam Faust-Socher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center

BackgroundHuntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by increasing dysphagia as the disease progresses. Specific characteristics of the HD dysphagia are not well defined.ObjectiveTo characterize the swallowing disturbances of HD patients, to evaluate the feasibility of Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) in assessing dysphagia in HD patients, and to discern the relation between FEES findings and patients’ self-report on dysphagia symptoms and swallowing related quality of life (SWAL-QOL).MethodA retrospective case series in a tertiary referral center. All recruited HD patients underwent Bed Side Swallowing Evaluation (BSE), FEES, the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). All completed the Swallowing Disturbances Questionnaire (SDQ) and the SWAL-QOL questionnaire.ResultsFourteen HD patients were recruited. All were able to complete the FEES study. The FEES demonstrated delayed swallowing reflex, solid food residues, and pre/post swallowing spillage in most patients (50%, 53.5%, 83.3%, and 87.5%, respectively). The mean SDQ score was 13.2. Significant correlations were found between the SWAL-QOL fear of eating score; the SDQ oral, pharyngeal, and total scores; and the FEES parameters of pureed and solid food bolus flow time. Significant correlations were also found between the total UHDRS score, the volitional cough score, and the SWAL-QOL disease burden score.ConclusionHD patients exhibit prominent unique oropharyngeal dysphagia features that may serve as a marker of disease progression. The FEES and the SDQ are valuable tools for detecting these features in HD patients with swallowing disturbance.

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