Effect of alkali treatment on physical and mechanical properties of bamboo short fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
Suhas Yeshwant Nayak ◽  
K. Rajath Shenoy ◽  
Rashmi Samant ◽  
Praneeth P. Sarvade ◽  
Satish Shenoy B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Naoh Solution

Bamboo (Arundinaria clarkei) short fibers were treated with 6% conc. NaoH solution for five different durations viz. 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h and 24 h. Effect on physical properties like diameter and density were studied. Fibers were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the effect of alkali treatment on its surface characteristics. Single fiber tensile tests were conducted to assess the tensile strength of the fibers. Comparative study of the SEM micrographs indicated removal of outer layer with the surface irregularities becoming more prominent with increasing duration. The fiber surface was scanned using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to quantify the increase in surface roughness with alkali treatment. Tests results showed positive effect on the strength till 6 h beyond which the tensile strength was observed to reduce. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results indicated reduction in content of holocellulose along with hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose which explains the variation in tensile strength with increasing duration of treatment.

A Preliminary Study: Influence of Alkali Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Agel Leaf Fiber (Corypha gebanga)

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendri Hestiawan ◽  
Jamasri ◽  
Kusmono
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Removal Of Impurities

The aim of this research is to investigate the alkali treatment influence on tensile strength physical and mechanical properties of agel leaf fibers (ALF). The presence of surface impurities and the large amount of hydroxyl groups make plant fibers less attractive for polymeric materials reinforcement. ALF were subjected to alkali treatments with 2 and 4% NaOH solutions for different soaking times of 1, 12, and 24 hours at room temperature. The tensile test of single fiber was done according to ASTM D3379-75 standard. The chemical changes and the fiber surface after alkali treatment were investigated by using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Tensile tests showed the alkali treatment of ALF results in different tensile strength compared to untreated ALF. The highest tensile strength (1464 MPa) is found for ALF immersed in 4% NaOH for 1 hour. FTIR showed that the hemicellulose and lignin components in the ALF are removed by NaOH treatment. SEM observation of the treated ALF showed the removal of impurities and the increase of roughness on the ALF surface with alkalization. These results show that alkali treatment can increase the tensile strength of ALF.

scholarly journals THE ALKALI TREATMENT PARAMETERS USING TAGUCHI MODEL IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE OPTIMUM TENSILE STRENGTH OF SINGLE KENAF FIBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Henny Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Taguchi Methods ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

The development of high-performance engineering products made from natural resources is increasing worldwide. Kenaf plants have been extensively exploited over the past few years. Chemical treatment is considered to modify the fiber surface properties. In this study, kenaf bast fibers were treated with various concentrations of NaOH with different immersed time, immersed temperature, and dried temperature. Fiber bundle tensile were performed to evaluate the effect of treatments on the fiber tensile strength. Taguchi Methods are used in order to obtain the optimal parameter which could affect the tensile strength of kenaf fibers. Three-Level Orthogonal array is used to design the experiment. Finally, the experimental results will be evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the most significant alkali parameter is NaOH concentration, which accounts for 40.19 percent of the total. It is also found that the optimum treatment is kenaf immersed in 3 wt. percent NaOH solution for 1 hour at 33 degrees celcius and dried at 60 degrees celcius which is supported by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Single-Cellulosic Bamboo Fiber Strips after Alkali Treatment

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Adel Salih ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
Che Husna Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Cellulosic Fiber

The study systematically explored the effect of alkali concentration and soaking time on the microstructure and tensile properties of single-cellulosic Buluh Semantan. Scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests were conducted to determine the effects of different alkali treatments on the properties of the single-cellulosic bamboo fibers. In particular, the effects of NaOH concentration and soaking time on the tensile properties of the single-cellulosic bamboo fiber were investigated. The single-cellulosic bamboo fiber was immersed in 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.% aqueous NaOH solutions for soaking times of 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. The tensile properties of the fiber increased after each alkali treatment. The alkali concentration and soaking time significantly affected the fiber properties. The ultimate tensile strength of the single-cellulosic Buluh Semantan treated with 2 wt.% NaOH for 12 h decreased to 214 MPa relative to the fibers that experienced water retting. The highest tensile strength herein was 356.8 MPa for the single-cellulosic fiber that was soaked for 12 h in 4 wt.% NaOH. Comparatively, the tensile strength of the single-cellulosic bamboo fiber that was soaked for 12 h in 8 wt.% NaOH was 234.8 MPa. The tensile modulus of the single-cellulosic fiber was 12.06 GPa after soaking in 8 wt.% NaOH for 18 h, indicating that a strong alkali treatment negatively affected the stiffness and suitability for use of the fibers in applications. The topography of the fiber surface became much rougher after the alkali treatments due to the removal of hemicellulose and other surface impurities. The alkali treatments substantially changed the morphology of the fiber surface, suggesting an increase in wettability.

The Influence of Alkali Treatments on Tensile Strength and Surface Morphology of Cellulose Microfibrils

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Sosiati ◽  
Henny Pratiwi ◽  
Dwi Astuti Wijayanti ◽  
Soekrisno
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Cellulose microfibrils were extracted from kenaf fiber by alkali treatments under various conditions to further characterize their properties and verify the factors which induce fiber degradation. Before treatment, the surface morphologies of the base, middle and tip of the raw fiber were observed. The tensile strength of untreated and treated fibers was measured with a universal tensile machine (UTM). Changes in surface morphologies of cellulose microfibrils were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functional group related to cellulosic and non-cellulosic phases. Surface morphology of the middle of the fiber was denser and stronger than that of the periphery and therefore used to define an initial condition of fiber specimen. Alkali treatment in 6% NaOH at room temperature for 1 h increased the tensile strength of the microfibril; 9% NaOH at 100°C for 2 h results in a marked decrease. Damage to the fiber surface and loss of crystallinity were associated with decreased tensile strength.

Surface Characteristics of Single Sisal Fiber and Interfacial Adhesion of Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Lin Xin Zhong ◽  
Xin Wen Peng ◽  
Jun Li Ren ◽  
Run Cang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Resin Composites

Surface characteristics including surface morphology and chemical composition of single sisal fiber and their influences on the interfacial adhesion of sisal fiber/phenolic resin composites were investigated by SEM, AFM, and XPS. The results showed that the surface of the untreated single sisal fiber contained a large amount of lignin (up to 51%). Chlorine dioxide treatment could reduce the surface lignin to a low content (20%). Removal of lignin from fiber surface could enhance the interfacial strength of sisal fiber/phenolic resin composites, giving rise to an increase by 36% in tensile strength. These results indicate that the surface properties of single sisal fiber can be tailored to improve the fiber/resin interfacial adhesion.

scholarly journals SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT FIBER SABUT KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN RESIN EPOKSI

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Adhi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Polymer ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The use of natural fiber as reinforcement for epoxy polymer composites is currently a concern for researchers because it is environmentally friendly so it can replace glass fiber or carbon in engineering applications. Palm fiber is a type of natural fiber that is produced by the cooking oil industry as a component of waste. The surface modification of fiber with NaOH solution is one of the factors that determines level of adhesion to the epoxy polymer matrix. This study to analyze the effect of alkali treatment on the morphology and characteristics of fiber. In addition, the effect of palm fiber composition on the mechanical properties of composites were studied. Alkali treatment on fiber was carried out using 10% wt sodium hidroxide solution. The morphology and characteristics palm fiber before and after alkali treatment were analyzed using SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. Tensile tests were carried out on composites with treated fibers and without treatment with sodium hidroxide solution. The results showed that alkali treatment caused the surface morphology of the fiber to be finer due to the loss of lignin and hemicellulose components. Alkali treatment fiber can increase the tensile strenght. Composites with fiber and resin composition of 4%: 96% wt that have undergone alkali treatment have a maximum tensile strength of 21.60 MPa.

Tensile Strength of Single Fiber of Antheraea pernyi Cocoon Prepared by Various Protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 1013 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Akmal Raka Pamungkas ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
I Wayan Surata ◽  
Tjokorda Sari Nindhia ◽  
Zdenek Knejzlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Antheraea Pernyi ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Boiling Process ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

The cocoon of Antheraea pernyi was grown in the laboratory with tropical artificial conditioning. The caterpillar was fed with Lantana camara leaf. They are 3 protocols provided to yield single fiber from the cocoon. The first protocol developed in this work was based on the single fiber drawing directly from the live caterpillar during cocoon stage establishment (forcibly silking). The single fiber was gently pulled and rolled up manually. The second protocol was conducted by degumming the cocoon with boiling in 5%NaoH solution. The cocoon was boiled in 5% NaOH solution and gently stirred. When the fiber was found detached from the cocoon, the boiling process was stopped, and the fiber obtained was washed with water and dried in the oven. The third protocol was simple boiling of the cocoon with water and gently stirring until the cocoon disintegrated to become a fiber. The fiber obtained was washed and dried in the oven. The first protocol by forcibly silking produced fiber with highest tensile strength of average value of 149.251 MPa. The other protocols introduced in this work resulted in lower tensile strength. Alkali treatment provided average tensile strength of 43.833 MPa and boiling in water resulted in tensile strength 52.571 MPa.

Variation of Tensile Strength Parallel to the Fiber of Bamboo Guadua Angustifolia Kunth in Function of Moisture Content

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Mateo Gutierrez Gonzalez ◽  
Caori Patricia Takeuchi ◽  
Michel Córdoba Perozo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Valle Del Cauca

As other natural materials used in construction, Bamboo Guadua is affected by different factors that can modify its strength. One factor is the equilibrium moisture content, which is a physical property related to temperature and relative humidity of the area where the material is used. Several studies have shown that the material strength to different load requirements decreases as moisture content increases. Samples from three different regions of the Republic of Colombia (Coffee region, Valle del Cauca and Cundinamarca) were taken to study the variation of the tensile strength parallel to the fiber of bamboo Guadua Angustifolia Kunth in function of the moisture content. Ten culms were taken from each region and three sections from different parts of each culm (bottom, middle and top) were selected. At least seven samples of each section were extracted and tested (so the samples taken from the same piece of bamboo have similar characteristics). The natural moisture content of each sample was modified to determine the strength with different moisture content. The method to vary the moisture content used in the research guaranteed that each group of samples, with similar characteristics, had a moisture-controlled variation. Colombian Technical Standard NTC 5525 "Methods for testing the physical and mechanical properties of Guadua Angustifolia Kunth were followed to determine the tensile strength parallel to the fiber, as well as to determine the material moisture content. Tensile tests were performed after immersing the specimens in water for about 72 hours, when the material showed a pronounced variation in moisture content. Finding that tensile strength did not show an obvious decrease, the range of moisture content was reduced to less than 35%. In order to have all the information with samples with moisture content below of that percentage, the tests were carried out during a 3-hour range of time. Results showed that tensile strength of parallel fiber does not decrease as the moisture content of the material was increased in the moisture content range where the material is used as a structural element.

Effect of Bamboo Fiber Modification on Tribological Performance of Brake Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1801-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Shan He ◽  
Cheng Hui Gao ◽  
Shao Yan Ye
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Fiber Modification ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
Coupling Treatment

In this paper, a novel no-asbestos brake composite reinforced by natural bamboo fibers is studied. The bamboo fibers are modified by heat treatment, alkali treatment and coupling treatment respectively. Tribological performance of different fibers reinforced composites are developed by means of friction test and microstructure observation. The results show that heat treatment of bamboo fibers at 140 for 4 hours makes the friction and wear characteristics of brake composites more stable than the untreated ones, but poor wear resistance at low temperature and heat fade still exist. There is no significant change on fiber surface. The alkali treatment of 17% NaOH solution for 12 hours contributes to desirable combination of higher friction coefficients and lower wear rates, and the surface morphology shows a number of deep grooves that avail the interface bonding. The effect of coupling treatment with KH550 on tribological performance of composites have the similar rule to that of the alkali treated ones except of heat fade, and the fiber surface is evenly coated with the coupling agent, which enhances the bonding of fibers and resin but fails at elevated temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber Surface Modification on the Interfacial Adhesion and Thermo-Mechanical Performance of Unidirectional Epoxy-Based Composites Reinforced with Bamboo Fibers

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Shujue Zhou ◽  
Zhisong Lu ◽  
Siyan Ran
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

In this work, bamboo fibers are chemically modified with NaOH solution of 1, 4, and 7 wt% concentrations at room temperature, respectively, and subsequently the untreated and treated fibers are prepared with epoxy resin for unidirectional composites by hot pressing molding technique. Tensile and micro-bond tests are conducted on the composite specimens to obtain mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, and interfacial strength. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to perform morphological observations for constituent damages. In addition, the influence of alkali concentration on the thermal performance of epoxy-based composites is examined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. It is found that composite tensile strength reaches the maximum when the alkali concentration is 4%, increased by 45.24% compared with untreated composites. The composite elongation at break increases on increasing the concentration. Inversely, the composite modulus decreases as the concentration increases. Besides, the results demonstrate that the chemical treatment on the fiber surface could improve interface adhesion, as observed from its topography by SEM. Micro-bond test reveals that there is maximum interfacial shear strength when the alkali concentration is 4%, which increases by 100.30% in comparison with the untreated samples. In case of thermal properties, the DSC analysis indicates that the glass transition temperature is maximized at 4% alkali concentration, which is increased by 12.95%, compared to those from unmodified fibers. In addition, TG results show that the 4% concentration also facilitates thermal stability improvement, indicative of superior interfacial bonding.

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