scholarly journals Monsoon Impact on the Air Quality During SAR-CoV-2 Pandemic Spread in Central Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah: Pre, During and Post Lockdown Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
M.V. Prasanna ◽  
S. Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Malaysia is considered as one of the countries with the highest novel corona virus (COVID-19) infected cases in Southeast Asia. Recent studies have identified that the air quality of a region also governs the transmission of the virus through pollutants. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the influence of air quality on the COVID-19 pandemic spread in central Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. An attempt was also made to infer the effect of monsoonal precipitation on air quality. Central Peninsular Malaysia consists of major cities like Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Putrajaya. These cities are highly populated, with the expansion of industrial activities, rapid urbanisation and greater usage of vehicles has resulted in air quality deterioration. Such conditions have led to related public health issues, compared to Sabah in east Malaysia. In this study, COVID-19 infected cases, air quality index (AQI) and precipitation data were collected from 25 January to August 2020 to infer the relationship of air quality to the pandemic spread before, during and after the implementation of lockdown periods in the country, referred as movement control order (MCO). The lockdown periods fall under various monsoon climate patterns in the country. Interpretation of data reveals that the variation in air quality correlates with the infected cases. Improved air quality was observed during the last phase of MCO with a lesser number of infected cases. The HYSPLIT model was adopted to study the backward air mass trajectories for different time frames to identify the variation in the sources of pollutants reaching the study area. The study determined that the air pollutants have reached the study area from various directions, reflecting a mixed contribution from the ocean and land area. The relationship between high precipitation (during inter-monsoon and SW monsoon) and improved air quality reveals the washout effect of air pollutants. The outcome of this study inferred that the variation of air quality and precipitation rates facilitate the pandemic spread in this region in addition to the other meteorological factors, apart from individual immune capacity and social distancing.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Air Quality Study during Different Phases of COVID-19 Lockdown in an Urban Area of Klang Valley, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12217
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir ◽  
Mohd Zaim Mohd Nor ◽  
Mohd Fadzil Firdzaus Mohd Nor ◽  
Muhamad Ikram A Wahab ◽  
Sawal Hamid Md Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
The World ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Control Order

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had both positive and negative impacts on humans and the environment. In general, a positive impact can be seen on the environment, especially in regard to air quality. This positive impact on air quality around the world is a result of movement control orders (MCO) or lockdowns, which were carried out to reduce the cases of COVID-19 around the world. Nevertheless, data on the effects on air quality both during and post lockdown at local scales are still sparse. Here, we investigate changes in air quality during normal days, the MCOs (MCO 1, 2 and 3) and post MCOs, namely the Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) and the Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) in the Klang Valley region. In this study, we used the air sensor network AiRBOXSense that measures carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) at Petaling Jaya South (PJS), Kelana Jaya (KJ) and Kota Damansara (KD). The results showed that the daily average concentrations of CO and NO2 mostly decreased in the order of normal days > MCO (MCO 1, 2 and 3) > CMCO > RMCO. PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and O3 showed a decrease from the MCO to RMCO. PJS showed that air pollutant concentrations decreased from normal days to the lockdown phases. This clearly shows the effects of ‘work from home’ orders at all places in the PJS city. The greatest percentage reductions in air pollutants were observed during the change from normal days to MCO 1 (24% to 64%), while during MCO 1 to MCO 2, the concentrations were slightly increased during the changes of the lockdown phase, except for SO2 and NO2 over PJS. In KJ, most of the air pollutants decreased from MCO 1 to MCO 3 except for CO. However, the percentage reduction and increments of the gas pollutants were not consistent during the different phases of lockdown, and this effect was due to the sensor location—only 20 m from the main highway (vehicle emissions). The patterns of air pollutant concentrations over the KD site were similar to the PJS site; however, the percentage reduction and increases of PM2.5, O3, SO2 and CO were not consistent. We believe that local burning was the main contribution to these unstable patterns during the lockdown period. The cause of these different changes in concentrations may be due to the relaxation phases during the lockdown at each station, where most of the common activities, such as commuting and industrial activities changed in frequency from the MCO, CMCO and RMCO. Wind direction also affected the concentrations, for example, during the CMCO and RMCO, most of the pollutants were blowing in from the Southeast region, which mostly consists of a city center and industrial areas. There was a weak correlation between air pollutants and the temperature and relative humidity at all stations. Health risk assessment analysis showed that non-carcinogenic risk health quotient (HQ) values for the pollutants at all stations were less than 1, suggesting unlikely non-carcinogenic effects, except for SO2 (HQ > 1) in KJ. The air quality information showed that reductions in air pollutants can be achieved if traffic and industry emissions are strictly controlled.

scholarly journals Organizational and Developmental Dynamics of Project Review Teams in Technology Environment

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Wilbon
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Large Organization ◽  
Review Team ◽  
Developmental Dynamics ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is the result of a week long participant observation of a technical project review team within a large organization. A detailed log was maintained during the study and the results were analyzed to understand the relationship of the observations to prior research in organizational dynamics. Some of the existing literature implies that the current research on organizational development may be applicable to entities of various sizes. In some cases the observations from this research fell within the framework of the existing theories. However, alterations must be made to the current theories to apply specifically to small work groups who have specific missions and limited working time frames. Understanding the dynamics of these "suborganization" may lead to more effective management and result in a higher quality work product.

scholarly journals Exploratory Study on the Online Learning Understanding Based on Movement and Condition in Sitting Position

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Mazwani Binti Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Amran Bin Mohd Daril ◽  
Mohammad Ikbar Bin Abdul Wahab ◽  
Khairanum Binti Subari ◽  
Shahino Mah Bin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Orientation Axis ◽  
Smartphone Sensors ◽  
Control Order ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">This research study the relationship between the understanding of online learning during Movement Control Order (MCO) due to pandemic Covid-19 and the movement condition through the sensor’s parameters sensed by smartphone. The studies carried out to track the student’s movement and conditions in sitting position while online class conducted and collect the data recorded by using smartphone sensors. The Apps AndroSensor is used to measure the Light intensity (lux), Orientation (axis x, y and z), Sound Level (dB) and Heart Rate (bpm). The understanding of online learning is measured using survey and questionnaire. The respondents that involves on this research are consists from different universities. Multiple Linear Regression was used to conclude the relationship between the parameters and the understanding of online learning. Total 60 students were involved in this study. Students that are selected has followed the criteria needed which are height, weight and age. </span></p>

scholarly journals USING THE THEORY OF REASONED ACTION TO PREDICT SMOKING INTENTION AMONG NON-SMOKING SECONDARY SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Kuang Hock Lim ◽  
Hui Li Lim ◽  
Sumarni Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Chee Cheong Kee ◽  
Mohd Zainuldin Tain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Intention To Smoke ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to determine the relationship of attitude and social-norm with the intention to smoke in the future among non-smoking youth. Data were derived from a study on smoking among form four students in a selected secondary school in Peninsular Malaysia, which utilised a pre-validated questionnaire to obtain data from the selected respondents. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used in data analysis. The study revealed independent variables accounted for 22.6% of the variance in intention to initiate smoking and the model had a good fit. A significant relationship was observed between subjective norm and intention to initiate smoking (R=0.46). The study revealed that attitude and social norm substantially explained intention to smoke among non-smoking adolescents. Future measures should concentrate on correcting the subjective norms to reduce the intention to initiate smoking among non-smoking youth.

scholarly journals Forecasting Malaysia COVID-19 Incidence based on Movement Control Order using ARIMA and Expert Modeler

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edre MA ◽  
Muhammad Adil ZA ◽  
Jamalludin AR
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Time Frames

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a novel pandemic that affects every other country in the world. Various countries have adopted control measures involving restriction of movement. Several studies have used mathematical modelling to predict the dynamic of this pandemic. Forecasting techniques can be used to predict the incidence cases for the short term. The study aims to forecast the COVID-19 incidence using the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using publicly available data, we performed a forecast of Malaysia COVID-19 new cases using Expert Modeler Method in SPSS and ARIMA model in R to predict COVID-19 cases in Malaysia. We compare 3 different time frames based on different Movement Control Order (MCO) period. We compare the model fit and prediction across models. RESULTS: All models show static cases for each MCO 7-day prediction. For prediction until 12 May, the third MCO time frame shows the best model fit for both techniques. Both software shows a stationary trend of cases of below 100. CONCLUSION: These MCO models have shown to stabilize the rate of new cases. Further sub analysis and quality of data is needed to improve the accuracy of the model.

Relationship between Air Pollutants and Visibility in Shanghai during 2006-2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Dan Xue ◽  
Qian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Secondary Pollutants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Air pollution has been deteriorated seriously in Shanghai as a result of urbanization and modernization. Visibility reduction is the most apparent symptom of air pollution. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of visibility and air pollutants in Shanghai, and to investigate the relationship between them. Visibility in Shanghai was higher in summer and lower in winter. The mean value of visibility during 2006-2010 was 17.8km. Air pollution in Shanghai was also serious. In 2010, Shanghai got the relative better air quality compared with the former four years. Air pollutants and visibility were negatively correlated. SO2 and NO2 had higher correlation coefficients with visibility than PM10. This suggested that the visibility in Shanghai was mainly due to secondary pollutants.

scholarly journals Regression Linear Model of Air Pollution Emission on the Example of a Waste Incineration Plant

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Monika Załuska ◽  
Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Incineration Plant ◽  
Pollution Emission ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The level of environmental quality is the result of many factors, and the most important of these is human activity. A responsible approach to the environment is looking for methods to eliminate pollution from the environment. Waste incineration is a way to rationally manage and process waste, minimize emissions of air pollutants and ecologically produce heat and electricity. The purpose of this article is to build and analyze a regression model describing the relationship of pollutant emissions to air from waste incineration plants depending on various factors.

scholarly journals Air quality status during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
pp. 139022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsuri Abdullah ◽  
Amalina Abu Mansor ◽  
Nur Nazmi Liyana Mohd Napi ◽  
Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor ◽  
Ali Najah Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Quality Status

scholarly journals The impact of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic movement control order (MCO) on dengue cases in Peninsular Malaysia

One Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 100222
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafiz Rahim ◽  
Nazri Che Dom ◽  
Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail ◽  
Zamzaliza Abd Mulud ◽  
Samsuri Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Control ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact
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