scholarly journals Education, Occupational Complexity, and Incident Dementia: A COSMIC Collaborative Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jinshil Hyun ◽  
Charles B. Hall ◽  
Mindy J. Katz ◽  
Carol A. Derby ◽  
Darren M. Lipnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Accelerated Failure Time Model ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
School Completion ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occupational Complexity

Background: Education and occupational complexity are main sources of mental engagement during early life and adulthood respectively, but research findings are not conclusive regarding protective effects of these factors against late-life dementia. Objective: This project aimed to examine the unique contributions of education and occupational complexity to incident dementia, and to assess the mediating effects of occupational complexity on the association between education and dementia across diverse cohorts. Method: We used data from 10,195 participants (median baseline age = 74.1, range = 58∼103), representing 9 international datasets from 6 countries over 4 continents. Using a coordinated analysis approach, the accelerated failure time model was applied to each dataset, followed by meta-analysis. In addition, causal mediation analyses were performed. Result: The meta-analytic results indicated that both education and occupational complexity were independently associated with increased dementia-free survival time, with 28%of the effect of education mediated by occupational complexity. There was evidence of threshold effects for education, with increased dementia-free survival time associated with ‘high school completion’ or ‘above high school’ compared to ‘middle school completion or below’. Conclusion: Using datasets from a wide range of geographical regions, we found that both early life education and adulthood occupational complexity were independently predictive of dementia. Education and occupational experiences occur during early life and adulthood respectively, and dementia prevention efforts could thus be made at different stages of the life course.

Early Life and Career of Master Tara Singh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Early Life ◽  
The Government ◽  
Arya Samaj

In the early 1890s, Master Tara Singh (Nanak Chand) was so impressed by the stories of Singh martyrs that he thought of becoming a Keshdhārī Singh. Initiated by Sant Attar Singh in 1901, Master Tara Singh decided to dedicate his life to the service of the Sikh Panth. After the government took over the management of Khalsa College, Amritsar, he began to participate in all anti-government agitations. As Head Master of Khalsa High School, Lyallpur, he was closely associated with the group of Sikh leaders who were more radical than the Chief Khalsa Diwan. His sympathy with the ‘Canadian’ Sikhs, and his interest in the Komagata Maru voyage and the Budge Budge firing made him all the more anti-British. His familiarity with gurbāṇī, Sikh history, and Punjabi literature was reflected in his controversy with the Arya Samaj leaders.

Protector and Casualty

2019 ◽  
pp. 495-522
Author(s):  
Meg Dennison ◽  
Katie McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Positive Emotionality ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Valence

Early-life adversity is associated with elevated risk for a wide range of mental disorders across the lifespan, including those that involve disruptions in positive emotionality. Although extensive research has evaluated heightened negative emotionality and threat processing as developmental mechanisms linking early-life adversity with mental health problems, emerging evidence suggests that positive emotions play an integral, but complex, role in the association of early-life adversity with psychopathology. This chapter identifies two pathways through which positive emotion influences risk for psychopathology following early-life adversity. First, experiences of early-life adversity may alter the development of the “positive valence system”, which in turn increases risk for psychopathology. Second, the association between adversity and psychopathology may vary as a function of individual differences in positive emotionality. We consider how the development of positive emotionality—measured at psychological, behavioral and neurobiological levels—may be altered by early-life adversity, creating a diathesis for psychopathology. We additionally review evidence for the role of positive emotion, measured at multiple levels, as a protective factor that buffers against the adverse impacts of adversity. In integrating these two roles, it is proposed that characteristics of environmental adversity, including developmental timing, duration, and type of adversity, may differentially impact the development of positive emotionality, leading to a better understanding of risks associated with specific adverse experiences. Methodological issues regarding the measurement of adverse environments as well as implications for early intervention and treatment are discussed.

Influence of Histomorphological Parameters and Ploidy on Recurrence-Free Survival Time in Early Rectal Cancer after Local Excision

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
T. Böttger ◽  
A. Heinz ◽  
D. Potratz ◽  
M. Stöckle ◽  
T. Junginger
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Local Excision ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Early Rectal Cancer ◽  
Free Survival

The Timing of a First Birth and High School Completion

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Upchurch ◽  
James McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
First Birth ◽  
School Completion

Opportunity and high school completion

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bickel
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
School Completion

Distribution, feeding behaviour, and condition of Cape horse mackerel early life stages, Trachurus capensis, under different environmental conditions in the northern Benguela upwelling ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Geist ◽  
A. Kunzmann ◽  
H. M. Verheye ◽  
A. Eggert ◽  
A. Schukat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Horse Mackerel ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Recruitment Success ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Recruitment

Abstract Early life history (ELH) traits are key to understand variable recruitment success and hence the stock size of marine fish. One of the currently most puzzling ecosystems in this regard is the northern part of the Benguela Current upwelling system off Namibia. Here, populations of the formerly dominant pelagic species, sardine and anchovy, failed to recover during the last three decades after a dramatic decline. In contrast, Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus capensis, maintained a constant population size. Warming of the system and shoaling of hypoxic zones together with feedback loops within an altered foodweb are discussed to be responsible for this regime shift. In this study, we address the role of larval traits for the successful performance of the T. capensis population under the present environmental conditions with the focus on feeding ecology. We investigated seasonal variations of the geographical distribution, growth rate, feeding ecology, and nutritional condition of their ELH stages and examined relationships with water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and micro-zooplankton composition. T. capensis' ELH stages showed a wide spatial and seasonal distribution, a preference for higher water temperatures (18–21°C) and presence over a wide range of dissolved oxygen concentrations (0.13–6.35 ml O2 l−1). Feeding success was high and mainly different groups of Copepoda were targeted, which were strongly size selected. The high dietary importance of micro-copepods during large parts of the larval phase indicates successful exploitation of this food source, which has increased in abundance during the last decade. It also explains observed best nutritional conditions at temperatures between 18 and 21°C, since these small copepods are commonly associated with warmer temperatures. Altogether, these traits enhance the species' probability to encounter suitable environments for the survival of their ELH stages, which is likely to lead to their high recruitment success in the northern Benguela ecosystem.

Theoretical and practical aspects in determining the current geochemical status of the Crimean peninsula and anthropogenic risk to public health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Evstafeva ◽  
Svetlana Tymchenko ◽  
Anna Bogdanova ◽  
Olga Zalata ◽  
Yuliia Boyarinceva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Mercury Analysis ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
Cadmium Selenium

<p>The implementation of basic principles of medical and ecological monitoring programs in Crimea previously reported in EGU proceedings consists of determining the content of a wide range of toxic, essential and rare earth elements in various biological substrates: soil, plants, water, human body. Biosubstrates are sampled in different locations with contrast natural and anthropogenic conditions: urbanized-rural, industrial-agricultural, natural resources. Lichens and poplar leaves are used as indicators of environmental contamination, particularly atmospheric pollution; liquid precipitation is used as an indicator showing the negative impact of air pollution on ecosystems; hair is used as an indicator of the total body intake of chemical elements. The update of databases, on some of the territories (Simferopol, Sevastopol, geographical regions with different soil characteristics, etc.) with regard to some of the elements (mercury, lead, cadmium, selenium, etc.) at this stage allowed to determine their biogeochemical status in conditions of intensive growth of anthropogenic load in recent years, and to compare it with the elemental status of the humans living in this territory. The databases for other types of territories continue to be extended, the relationship between morbidity to estimate of the environmental burden of disease for environmentally determined diseases (neurodegenerative, endocrine, respiratory, etc.) and chemical load on the territories, based on USEtox model; the functional state of target systems (nervous, immune, cardiovascular) and level of chemical elements in the human body and the overall elemental imbalance, is established. This has provided us with a degree of understanding on how the degree of population and individual health risk could be determined.</p><p>Mercury analysis was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-29-24212\19 entitled “Development of neutralization of mercury-containing waste without heating and the formation of wastewater”, 2018–2021 years; elemental composition was possible to determine due to RFBR project № 18-45-920042\20 entitled “Bioecological monitoring of heavy metals at board of Black Sea of Crimea”, 2018–2020 years. Physiological part of research was possible to accomplish due to funds by the V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University (Project No VG2019/15, АААА-А20-120012090158-7).</p>

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