An Optimized Decision Tree with Genetic Algorithm Rule-Based Approach to Reveal the Brain’s Changes During Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vania Karami ◽  
Giulio Nittari ◽  
Enea Traini ◽  
Francesco Amenta
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
The One ◽  
Rule Based Approach ◽  
The Brain

Background: It is desirable to achieve acceptable accuracy for computer aided diagnosis system (CADS) to disclose the dementia-related consequences on the brain. Therefore, assessing and measuring these impacts is fundamental in the diagnosis of dementia. Objective: This study introduces a new CADS for deep learning of magnetic resonance image (MRI) data to identify changes in the brain during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Methods: The proposed algorithm employed a decision tree with genetic algorithm rule-based optimization to classify input data which were extracted from MRI. This pipeline is applied to the healthy and AD subjects of the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS). Results: Final evaluation of the CADS and its comparison with other systems supported the potential of the proposed model as a novel tool for investigating the progression of AD and its great ability as an innovative computerized help to facilitate the decision-making procedure for the diagnosis of AD. Conclusion: The one-second time response, together with the identified high accurate performance, suggests that this system could be useful in future cognitive and computational neuroscience studies.

Controlled Quantized Study of Electroacupuncture in Treating Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Deep Learning Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1083
Author(s):  
Dejuan Xie ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Dawei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
The Brain

The incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the world’s elderly over 65 is about 4% to 6%. Recent statistics show that there are nearly 40 million AD patients worldwide. According to the knowledge of neuroscience, there are two main biological indicators for the diagnosis of dementia in the medical community: one is the size of the hippocampus (equivalent to the brain memory chip), and the other is the size of the ventricle. Because the volume of the ventricles increases as the brain tissue degenerates. Because the cause of AD is unknown, it is generally found that it is late, even if the treatment will not have much effect. Therefore, early diagnosis of AD is a better way to inhibit the rapid development of the disease or even avoid the disease. At present, the pathogenesis and etiology of AD have not been fully elucidated, and there is a lack of a specific anti-AD drug. Electroacupuncture treatment of AD has been proven to have a certain effect, and has the advantages of diversified stimulation parameters, easy operation and no toxic side effects. In this paper, we study the role of electroacupuncture based on deep learning in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The experimental results can prove the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-374
Author(s):  
Alifiya Kapasi ◽  
Julia A. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Neuropsychological Examination ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
The Brain

There are numerous distinct brain pathologies that underlie a clinical diagnosis of dementia. This chapter focuses on the two most common and well-recognized brain pathologies associated with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. The authors describe the distinguishing pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease, followed by the pathological hallmarks of vascular dementia including the characteristics of vessel disease and cerebrovascular tissue injuries. The chapter highlights the importance of mixed or co-morbid Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cerebral injury that has been described in multiple clinical pathologic studies, especially in community-based studies. Finally, the authors discuss how data obtained from both clinical and neuropsychological examination of the brain can be integrated.

Longitudinal Changes in Individual BrainAGE in Healthy Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Franke ◽  
Christian Gaser
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Brain

We recently proposed a novel method that aggregates the multidimensional aging pattern across the brain to a single value. This method proved to provide stable and reliable estimates of brain aging – even across different scanners. While investigating longitudinal changes in BrainAGE in about 400 elderly subjects, we discovered that patients with Alzheimer’s disease and subjects who had converted to AD within 3 years showed accelerated brain atrophy by +6 years at baseline. An additional increase in BrainAGE accumulated to a score of about +9 years during follow-up. Accelerated brain aging was related to prospective cognitive decline and disease severity. In conclusion, the BrainAGE framework indicates discrepancies in brain aging and could thus serve as an indicator for cognitive functioning in the future.

The Weak Combined Magnetic Fields Reduce the Brain β-Amyloid in an Animal Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease

PIERS Online ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Bobkova ◽  
Vadim V. Novikov ◽  
Natalia I. Medvinskaya ◽  
Irina Yu. Aleksandrova ◽  
Eugenii E. Fesenko
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Sporadic Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Combined Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Brain

SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF TUBULIN IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN CONTROL, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Burbaeva G.Sh. ◽  
Androsova L.V. ◽  
Vorobyeva E.A. ◽  
Savushkina O.K.
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Nephelometric Method ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of polymerization of tubulin into microtubules and determine the level of colchicine binding (colchicine-binding activity of tubulin) in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, vascular dementia (VD) and control. Colchicine-binding activity of tubulin was determined by Sherlinе in tubulin-enriched extracts of proteins from the samples. Measurement of light scattering during the polymerization of the tubulin was carried out using the nephelometric method at a wavelength of 450-550 nm. There was a significant decrease in colchicine-binding activity and the rate of tubulin polymerization in the prefrontal cortex in both diseases, and in VD to a greater extent than in schizophrenia. The obtained results suggest that not only in Alzheimer's disease, but also in other mental diseases such as schizophrenia and VD, there is a decrease in the level of tubulin in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, although to a lesser extent than in Alzheimer's disease, and consequently the amount of microtubules.

Electromagnetic field in Alzheimer’s disease: a literature review of recent preclinical and clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Habib Mohamad Ali Ahmad ◽  
Marc Fakhoury ◽  
Nada Lawand
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
The Brain

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons leading to cognitive and memory decay. The main signs of AD include the irregular extracellular accumulation of amyloidbeta (Aβ) protein in the brain and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein inside neurons. Changes in Aβ expression or aggregation are considered key factors in the pathophysiology of sporadic and early-onset AD and correlate with the cognitive decline seen in patients with AD. Despite decades of research, current approaches in the treatment of AD are only symptomatic in nature and are not effective in slowing or reversing the course of the disease. Encouragingly, recent evidence revealed that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) can delay the development of AD and improve memory. This review paper discusses findings from in vitro and in vivo studies that investigate the link between EMF and AD at the cellular and behavioural level, and highlights the potential benefits of EMF as an innovative approach for the treatment of AD.

Integrated Biomarkers for Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Wenzler ◽  
Christian Knochel ◽  
Ceylan Balaban ◽  
Dominik Kraft ◽  
Juliane Kopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Control Functional

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric manifestation among Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. It may compromise everyday activities and lead to a faster cognitive decline as well as worse quality of life. The identification of promising biomarkers may therefore help to timely initiate and improve the treatment of preclinical and clinical states of AD, and to improve the long-term functional outcome. In this narrative review, we report studies that investigated biomarkers for AD-related depression. Genetic findings state AD-related depression as a rather complex, multifactorial trait with relevant environmental and inherited contributors. However, one specific set of genes, the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), specifically the Val66Met polymorphism, may play a crucial role in AD-related depression. Regarding neuroimaging markers, the most promising findings reveal structural impairments in the cortico-subcortical networks that are related to affect regulation and reward / aversion control. Functional imaging studies reveal abnormalities in predominantly frontal and temporal regions. Furthermore, CSF based biomarkers are seen as potentially promising for the diagnostic process showing abnormalities in metabolic pathways that contribute to AD-related depression. However, there is a need for standardization of methodological issues and for replication of current evidence with larger cohorts and prospective studies.

Role of Nanomedicines in Delivery of Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Compounds to the Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1315-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad ◽  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
Saima Amin ◽  
Mahfoozur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
The Brain

Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Alzheimer Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Ghai ◽  
Kandasamy Nagarajan ◽  
Meenakshi Arora ◽  
Parul Grover ◽  
Nazakat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic, devastating dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It mainly arises due to neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus area of the brain and is clinically manifested as a progressive mental failure, disordered cognitive functions, personality changes, reduced verbal fluency and impairment of speech. The pathology behind AD is the formation of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, deposition of amyloid plaque and decline in choline acetyltransferase and loss of cholinergic neurons. Tragically, the disease cannot be cured, but its progression can be halted. Various cholinesterase inhibitors available in the market like Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, etc. are being used to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. The paper’s objective is to throw light not only on the cellular/genetic basis of the disease, but also on the current trends and various strategies of treatment including the use of phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Enormous literature survey was conducted and published articles of PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials.org and Alzheimer Association reports were studied intensively to consolidate the information on the strategies available to combat Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, several strategies are being investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta plaques, tau protein and neural pathways are undergoing clinical trials. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotide methodologies are being approached as therapies for its management. Phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are also gaining attention in overcoming the symptoms related to AD. The present review article concludes that novel and traditional therapies simultaneously promise future hope for AD treatment.

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