Benefits in Alzheimer’s Disease of Sensory and Multisensory Stimulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Yinpei Luo ◽  
Qingrong Hu ◽  
Xuelong Tian ◽  
Huizhong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Multisensory Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
New Ideas

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease, which seriously affects behavior, cognition, and memory of patients. Studies have shown that sensory stimulation can effectively improve the cognition and memory of AD patients, and its role in brain plasticity and neural regulation is initially revealed. This paper aims to review the effect of various sensory stimulation and multisensory stimulation for AD, and to explain the possible mechanism, so as to provide some new ideas for further research in this field. We searched the Web of Science and PubMed databases (from 2000 to October 27, 2020) for literature on the treatment of AD with sensory stimulation, including music therapy, aromatherapy, rhythmic (e.g., visual or acoustic) stimulation, light therapy, multisensory stimulation, and virtual reality assisted therapy, then conducted a systematic analysis. Results show these sensory stimulations can effectively ameliorate the pathology of AD, arouse memory, and improve cognition and behaviors. Also, it can cause brain nerve oscillation, enhance brain plasticity, and regulate regional cerebral blood flow. Sensory stimulation is a very promising technology, and it plays an important role in the improvement and treatment of AD, but its potential mechanism and stimulation parameters need to be explored and improved.

Decoding the Inter-relationship between Sleep Disorders and Alzheimer’s disease Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba Mueed ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Rai ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal ◽  
Nitesh Kumar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Causative Agents

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by abnormally phosphorylated tau, paired helical filaments (PHFs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), deregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Aβ deposits, is a multifactorial disease with sleep disorders being one of the causative agents. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and have tried to decode the existence of positive feedback, reciprocal and a bidirectional relationship allying between sleep disturbances and AD. Much light has been thrown on the role of tau pathology and amyloid pathology in sleep pathology and its association with AD pathology. We have also discussed the role of melatonin in regulating sleep disorders and AD. The neuroprotective action of melatonin via inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ deposition has also been pondered upon. Moreover, astrocytes involvement in aggravating AD has also been highlighted in this review. Several therapeutic approaches aimed at improving both sleep disorders and AD have been duly discussed such as administration of antidepressants and antihistamines, immunotherapy, metal chelators, melatonin supplementation, light therapy and physical activity. Despite consistent efforts, the complete etiology concerning sleep disorder and AD is still unclear. Therefore, further research is needed to unravel the mechanism involved and also to develop strategies that may help in obstructing AD in its preclinical stage.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Brain Plasticity, and Alzheimer's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk I. Erickson ◽  
Andrea M. Weinstein ◽  
Oscar L. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Plasticity

Fiat Lux: The Light Became Therapy. An Overview on the Bright Light Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease Sleep Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Roccaro ◽  
Daniela Smirni
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Bright Light Therapy ◽  
Effective Response

Background: A system of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells provides ‘non-visual’ information on the circadian sequences of light to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which, as the ‘master clock’, synchronizes the chronobiological mechanisms of all the biological clocks. Damage to SCN structure alters circadian behavioral and hormonal rhythms and interferes with a regular sleep-wake pattern. Several studies have shown that, in aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), circadian rhythms change their synchronization with the environment and behavior loses sync with light. Objective: The current overview aims to examine research studies showing the effect of bright light therapy (BLT) on sleep disorders and sleep-wake patterns in AD. Methods: A literature search was conducted, taking into consideration the relevant studies over the last 20 years. Fifteen studies have been thorough: seven followed an environmental-architectural approach and eight followed a treatment devices approach. Results: Studies agree in considering BLT as a promising non-pharmacological intervention to compensate for circadian rhythm alterations and they support the need for standardized protocols that allow a comparison between multicenter studies. Conclusion: Interestingly, in an attempt to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities have forced the population to stay home. Therefore, AD people are not currently able to enjoy exposure to sunlight. It is predictable that they may experience an exacerbation of circadian disturbances and that the BLT can be an effective response to prevent such exacerbation.

Effects of repetitive paired associative stimulation on brain plasticity and working memory in Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot randomized double-blind-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Reza Zomorrodi ◽  
Zaid Ghazala ◽  
Michelle S. Goodman ◽  
Daniel M. Blumberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Paired Associative Stimulation ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Design: Pilot randomized double-blind-controlled trial of repetitive paired associative stimulation (rPAS), a paradigm that combines transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with peripheral median nerve stimulation. Objectives: To study the impact of rPAS on DLPFC plasticity and working memory performance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Thirty-two patients with AD (females = 16), mean (SD) age = 76.4 (6.3) years were randomized 1:1 to receive a 2-week (5 days/week) course of active or control rPAS. DLPFC plasticity was assessed using single session PAS combined with electroencephalography (EEG) at baseline and on days 1, 7, and 14 post-rPAS. Working memory and theta–gamma coupling were assessed at the same time points using the N-back task and EEG. Results: There were no significant differences between the active and control rPAS groups on DLPFC plasticity or working memory performance after the rPAS intervention. There were significant main effects of time on DLPFC plasticity, working memory, and theta–gamma coupling, only for the active rPAS group. Further, on post hoc within-group analyses done to generate hypotheses for future research, as compared to baseline, only the rPAS group improved on post-rPAS day 1 on all three indices. Finally, there was a positive correlation between working memory performance and theta–gamma coupling. Conclusions: This study did not show a beneficial effect of rPAS for DLPFC plasticity or working memory in AD. However, post hoc analyses showed promising results favoring rPAS and supporting further research on this topic. (Clinicaltrials.gov-NCT01847586)

scholarly journals Tau-Reactive Endogenous Antibodies: Origin, Functionality, and Implications for the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Hromadkova ◽  
Saak Victor Ovsepian
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
The Brain

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), tau pathology manifested in the accumulation of intraneuronal tangles and soluble toxic oligomers emerges as a potential therapeutic target. Multiple anti-tau antibodies inhibiting the formation and propagation of cytotoxic tau or promoting its clearance and degradation have been tested in clinical trials, albeit with the inconclusive outcome. Antibodies against tau protein have been found both in the brain circulatory system and at the periphery, but their origin and role under normal conditions and in AD remain unclear. While it is tempting to assign them a protective role in regulating tau level and removal of toxic variants, the supportive evidence remains sporadic, requiring systematic analysis and critical evaluation. Herein, we review recent data showing the occurrence of tau-reactive antibodies in the brain and peripheral circulation and discuss their origin and significance in tau clearance. Based on the emerging evidence, we cautiously propose that impairments of tau clearance at the periphery by humoral immunity might aggravate the tau pathology in the central nervous system, with implication for the neurodegenerative process of AD.

scholarly journals Rhythmic sensory stimulation and Alzheimer’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Amy Clements-Cortes ◽  
Heidi Ahonen ◽  
Morris Freedman ◽  
Lee Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sensory Stimulation
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