An Active Lifestyle Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function Over Time in APOE ɛ4 Non-Carriers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marta Fernández-Matarrubia ◽  
Leticia Goni ◽  
Teresa Rognoni ◽  
Cristina Razquin ◽  
César Ignacio Fernández-Lázaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Over Time

Background: Available evidence on the association of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior with cognitive decline is inconclusive. Objective: To assess the association between an active lifestyle score and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and changes in cognitive function in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) prospective cohort. Methods: Cognitive function was evaluated in a subsample of 806 participants of the SUN cohort study using the validated Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (STICS-m) questionnaire at baseline and after 6 years. LTPA was evaluated with a previously validated 17-item self-administered questionnaire and with information on sedentary lifestyles. We also calculated a multidimensional 8-item PA score. Multivariable linear regression analysis evaluated the association between PA and changes in cognitive function and its interaction by APOE genotype. Results: Mean age of participants was 66 (SD 5.3) years and 69.7% were male. When stratifying by APOE variants, no significant associations between the active lifestyle score or LTPA and changes in cognitive performance over time were found among APOE ɛ4 carriers. However, we observed that a higher adherence to an active lifestyle (high versus low PA score β= 0.76 95% CI 0.15,1.36; p trend = 0.011) and a high LTPA (Q4 versus Q1 β= 0.63; 95% CI –0.01,1.26; p trend = 0.030) were associated with more favorable changes in cognitive function over time among APOE ɛ4 non-carriers with statistically significant interactions in both cases (p for interaction = 0.042 for PA score, and p = 0.039 for LTPA). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that an active lifestyle is associated with a better status of cognitive function over time only among APOE ɛ4 non-carriers.

Socioeconomic and Gender Inequalities in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Access to Public Policies in Brazil From 2013 to 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrea Wendt ◽  
Luiza I.C. Ricardo ◽  
Caroline S. Costa ◽  
Alan G. Knuth ◽  
Maria C.M. Tenório ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Wealth Inequalities ◽  
Over Time

Background: This study aims to describe changes in gender and wealth inequalities in leisure-time physical activity (PA) of Brazilians during a 6-year interval. It also aims to evaluate inequalities regarding PA public programs awareness, participation, and access to public spaces for PA. Methods: Data from 2 population-based surveys conducted in 2013 and 2019 were used. Leisure-time PA prevalence was assessed considering those reporting ≥150 minutes per week. The authors evaluated gender inequalities calculating differences and ratios, and wealth inequalities using the slope index of inequality and the concentration index— assessing changes over time. Results: National levels of leisure-time PA increased from 2013 to 2019, and an increase in inequalities was observed; women and the poorest groups still presented lower prevalence. A decline in socioeconomic inequalities was observed from 2013 to 2019 regarding the availability of public spaces and awareness about public programs. However, outcomes remained more common among the richest group. Inequalities did not vary for participation in public programs. Conclusion: Although leisure-time PA increased from 2013 to 2019 at a national level, there were no improvements in gender inequalities, and wealth inequalities worsened over time. Indicators of public strategies for PA increased for the population, but inequalities remain.

scholarly journals Leisure-time physical activity sustained since midlife and preservation of cognitive function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Palta ◽  
A. Richey Sharrett ◽  
Jennifer A. Deal ◽  
Kelly R. Evenson ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

scholarly journals Association between Urinary Triclosan and Serum Testosterone Levels in U.S. Adult Males from NHANES, 2011–2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Yan ◽  
Michael A. Joseph ◽  
Simone A. Reynolds ◽  
Laura A. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Triclosan was introduced into the market in the 1970s and has since been used as an antimicrobial agent in a diverse array of consumer and personal care products. Although it has been widely used over a number of years, there is growing concern and debate over its safety and efficacy and its potential as an endocrine disruptor. Although prior animal toxicology studies have shown an association between triclosan and decreased testosterone levels, human studies have been limited, particularly for adult men. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (NHANES, 2011–2012), we examined the association of urinary triclosan on testosterone levels in adult men 18–65 years of age. Multivariable linear regression analysis failed to show an association between triclosan and serum testosterone (β = 0.0003, p = 0.98, 95% CI = −0.024, 0.025). The results suggest there is no association or that triclosan concentrations are too low to cause a significant impact on testosterone levels. Additionally, longitudinal studies would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the direction of change and magnitude of causal relationships over time.

scholarly journals DOES PLAYING LOCATION-BASED AUGMENTED REALITY GAME INCREASES THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Spl-1- GCSGD_2020) ◽  
pp. S182-S186
Author(s):  
Low Ann Gee ◽  
◽  
Ambusam Subramaniam ◽  
Sivaguru Muthusamy ◽  
Rajkumar Krishnan Vasanthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Global Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pokémon Go ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Augmented Reality Game

Recently, there are an increasing trend in location-based augmented reality (AR) games that require players to move around physically to acquire the in-game features as well as game bonuses. The introduction of this location-based augmented reality (AR) games, specifically, Pokémon Go, has made the players physically move around to achieve higher levels and indirectly, improves the level of physical activity. Thus, the objective of the current study is to examine the association between the time spent playing location-based AR games specifically Pokémon Go, and the level of physical activity of the players in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was circulated among Pokémon Go players and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 47 players were recruited in the study. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to identify the level of physical activity. The association between time spent playing Pokémon Go and level of physical activity were examined using the Chi-square test. The results of the current study showed no significant association between days spent playing Pokémon Go and level of physical activity (p = .14), hours spent playing Pokémon Go and physical activity (p = .516), or between daily hours spent playing Pokémon Go and daily sedentary time (p = .283). Nevertheless, the mean of the study reported that the physical activity level of the players increased concurrently as the player’s game frequency increases. Further studies are required to shed light on how location-based AR games can be implemented as potential strategies to engage an active lifestyle.

Changes in traditional chronic disease risk factors over time and their relationship with leisure-time physical activity in people living with spinal cord injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072-1079
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Buchholz ◽  
Julie Horrocks ◽  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽  
Steven R. Bray ◽  
B. Catharine Craven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Over Time

This study examined whether levels of chronic disease risk factors change over time, and whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) can explain any of the variation in those risk factors that change, in a sample of community-dwelling people living with spinal cord injury (SCI) in or near Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. LTPA was measured using the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI at baseline (n = 76 adults with chronic (≥1 year) paraplegia or tetraplegia), at 6 months (n = 71) and at 18 months (n = 63). Body mass index, waist circumference at the lowest rib (WClowest rib) and iliac crest (WCiliac crest), fat mass, blood pressure, and biochemical data were collected at all 3 time points. Women’s BMI was higher at baseline (least square means (LSM) = 26.2 ± SE = 1.56 kg·m–2, p = 0.0004) and 6 months (25.9 ± 1.6, p = 0.0024) than at 18 months (22.1 ± 1.72). Men’s WClowest ribincreased from baseline (92.1 ± 1.87 cm) to 18 months (93.6 ± 1.87, p = 0.0253). Women who were active vs. inactive at baseline had a lower BMI at 6 months (23.1 ± 2.91 vs. 29.7 ± 2.52, p = 0.0957) and WCiliac crestat 6 months (82.8 ± 6.59 vs. 97.7 ± 5.10, p = 0.0818). Women who were active vs. inactive at 6 months had a lower WCiliac crestat 18 months (73.4 ± 14.3 vs. 102.5 ± 6.41, p = 0.0723). There was little change in traditional risk factors over 18 months. Future studies should extend beyond 18 months in a larger sample, and explore traditional vs. novel risk factors and onset of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the SCI population.

The Epoch Effect on Cognitive Function Requires Regular Updating of Cognitive Screening Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
Ji-Ping Tan ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Xiaoyang Lan ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Shimin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Over Time

Background: Over time, improved cognitive abilities in elderly individuals lead to an overall increase in performance on widely used cognitive screening tests (e.g., Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) and impact screening efficacy. Objective: We aimed to examine the epoch effect on cognitive function measured using MMSE, in addition to the influence of demographic characteristics on MMSE. We also evaluated the ability of the MMSE in detecting dementia and examined the discrimination ability and measurement precision of the MMSE. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, Chinese veterans aged ≥60 years were interviewed. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the factors affecting the MMSE. The expected MMSE score was calculated to examine the epoch effect. The diagnostic accuracy of the MMSE was determined via receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Item response theory methods were implemented using Stata 16.0. Results: The MMSE score increased with higher education and decreased with advancing age. The observed MMSE score in this study (26.9) was higher than the expected MMSE score (24.9). It demonstrated 78.3% /84.1% /89.9% sensitivity and 85.8% /79.5% /66.8% specificity in detecting dementia using the cut-off score 25/26/27. The MMSE showed reduced discrimination and provided little information for ability level of −1 and above. Conclusion: Improved cognitive ability over time may increase the performance on cognitive screening tests (e.g., MMSE). This impact of epoch in cognitive function emphasizes the importance of regularly updating cognitive screening tests.

Physical Activity Interventions for Children and Youth With Visual Impairments

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otávio Luis Piva da Cunha Furtado ◽  
Kelly Allums-Featherston ◽  
Lauren Joy Lieberman ◽  
Gustavo Luis Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Positive Effect

The authors conducted a systematic literature review on physical activity interventions for children and youth with visual impairment (VI). Five databases were searched to identify studies involving the population of interest and physical activity practices. After evaluating 2,495 records, the authors found 18 original full-text studies published in English they considered eligible. They identified 8 structured exercise-training studies that yielded overall positive effect on physical-fitness and motor-skill outcomes. Five leisure-time-physical-activity and 5 instructional-strategy interventions were also found with promising proposals to engage and instruct children and youth with VI to lead an active lifestyle. However, the current research on physical activity interventions for children and youth with VI is still limited by an absence of high-quality research designs, low sample sizes, use of nonvalidated outcome measures, and lack of generalizability, which need to be addressed in future studies.

Investigating the Physical Activity Behaviors of Canadian Adults Over Time: Multilevel Sex and Age Group Trajectories Across 2 Decades

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 933-942
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Perks
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Over Time

Background: This study explores changes in the leisure-time physical activities of Canadian adults over time. Methods: Using representative panel data from the National Population Health Survey, multilevel analyses of 13,933 respondents aged 18 and older were performed to assess both overall and individual leisure-time physical activity trajectories from 1994 to 2011 and the extent to which these trajectories differ by sex and age groups. Results: With the exception of those aged 65 and older, there is evidence that as Canadians age their overall levels of physical activity increase over time. However, increases in overall physical activity levels are mainly due to increases in walking, gardening, and home exercise. Increases in these 3 activities in particular compensate for declines in engagement levels over time in most other activities. Conclusions: As the demographic shift to an older Canadian population continues, evidence of increasing overall physical activity levels across most age groups in Canada gives reason for optimism.

Systematic review of health behavioral risks and cognitive health in older adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhwan Lee ◽  
Joung Hwan Back ◽  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Si-Heon Kim ◽  
Duk L. Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Health

ABSTRACTBackground:An increasing body of evidence suggests that health behaviors may protect against cognitive impairment and dementia. The purpose of this study was to summarize the current evidence on health behavioral factors predicting cognitive health through a systematic review of the published literature.Methods:PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies on community representative samples aged 65 and older, with prospective cohort design and multivariate analysis. The outcome – cognitive health – was defined as a continuum of cognitive function ranging from cognitive decline to impairment and dementia, and health behaviors included physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, and diet and nutrition.Results:Of 12,105 abstracts identified, 690 relevant full-texts were reviewed. The final yield amounted to 115 articles of which 37 studies were chosen that met the highest standards of quality. Leisure time physical activity, even of moderate level, showed protective effects against dementia, whereas smoking elevated the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Moderate alcohol consumption tended to be protective against cognitive decline and dementia, but nondrinkers and frequent drinkers exhibited a higher risk for dementia and cognitive impairment. Midlife obesity had an adverse effect on cognitive function in later life. Analysis showed vegetable and fish consumption to be of benefit, whereas, persons consuming a diet high in saturated fat had an increased dementia risk.Conclusion:The review demonstrates accumulating evidence supporting health behavioral effects in reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Results indicate potential benefits of healthy lifestyles in protecting cognitive health in later life.

scholarly journals Serum anti-NMDA-receptor antibodies and cognitive function after ischemic stroke (PROSCIS-B)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia S. Sperber ◽  
Pimrapat Gebert ◽  
Leonie H.A. Broersen ◽  
Shufan Huo ◽  
Sophie K. Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Crude Model ◽  
Confounder Adjustment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receptor Antibodies ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether serum anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-receptor GluN1 antibodies (NMDAR1-abs) are associated with worse cognitive function over three years after first ischemic stroke.MethodsData were used from the PROSpective Cohort with Incident Stroke-Berlin (PROSCIS-B;NCT01363856). NMDAR1-abs (IgM/IgA/IgG) were measured with cell-based assays from serum obtained within seven days after first-ever stroke. Seropositivity was defined as titers ≥1:10, low titers as ≤1:100 and high titers as >1:100. We assessed cognitive status annually up to three years after stroke with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status – modified (TICS–m) and used crude and adjusted linear mixed models to estimate the impact of NMDAR1-abs exposure on TICS-m over time.ResultsData on NMDAR1-abs (median day of sampling=4[IQR=2–5]) were available in 583 of 621 PROSCIS-B patients (39% female; median NIHSS=2[IQR=1–4]; median MMSE=28[IQR:26–30]; median mRS=2[IQR=1–3]) of whom 76(13%) were seropositive (IgM:n=48/IgA:n=43/IgG:n=2). TICS-m over time was not different in NMDAR1-abs seropositive compared to seronegative patients (βCrude=0.38[95%CI=-1.00 to 1.76]; adjusted βModel3=0.30[95%CI=-1.14 to 1.73]). In subgroups, TICS-m over time was not different in patients with low titers (βCrude=1.53[95%CI=-0.06 to 3.11]; adjusted βModel3=1.42[95%CI=-0.23 to 3.08]), however, in patients with high titers TICS-m was lower in the crude model (β=-2.54[95%CI=-4.99 to -0.08]), with a similar effect size after confounder adjustment (βModel3=-2.30[95%CI=-4.82 to 0.21]). All groups were compared to seronegative patients, respectively.ConclusionOverall NMDAR1-abs seropositivity was not associated with cognitive function over time after first-ever mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke. Our data suggest that high titers associate with impaired cognitive function after stroke, warranting larger studies.

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