Exercise Types and the Risk of Developing Cognitive Decline in Older Women: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1733-1742
Author(s):  
Yosuke Osuka ◽  
Narumi Kojima ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasai ◽  
Yuki Ohara ◽  
Yutaka Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Dementia Prevention

Background: Participation in exercise may be useful for dementia prevention; however, the specific exercise types which may best to reduce the risk of developing cognitive decline have remained unidentified in the literature. Objective: To examine the relationships of specific exercise types with the risk of developing cognitive decline in older women. Methods: This 1- to 2-year population-based cohort study included 687 community-dwelling older Japanese women without disability, neurological disease, dementia, or cognitive impairment assessed as <24 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at the baseline survey. Developing cognitive decline was defined as a decrease of ≥3 points in the participant’s MMSE score during the follow-up. We classified individuals into participation (≥3 months) and non-participation (<3 months) groups for 17 different exercise types. Log-binominal regression analyses were applied to compare risk ratios and confidence intervals of developing cognitive decline between the two groups. Results: Thirty-nine participants (5.7%) developed cognitive decline during the follow-up period. After adjusting for confounders (age, MMSE score, depressive symptoms, body mass index, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, low educational level, and the follow-up period in the baseline survey), those who participated in calisthenics demonstrated a significantly lower risk of developing cognitive decline than those who did not participate in calisthenics. No significant relationships between other exercise types and the risk of developing cognitive decline were found. Conclusion: Participation in calisthenics significantly reduced the risk of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older Japanese women, indicating that calisthenics may be a useful type of exercise for promoting dementia prevention.

scholarly journals Personality-Related Determinants of Subtle Cognitive Decline in Old Age: A Population-Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristelle Rodriguez ◽  
Emiliano Albanese ◽  
Alan Pegna ◽  
Simona Toma ◽  
Marine Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Background/Aims: Recent studies of cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) suggested that besides Alzheimer disease (AD)-related biomarkers, some personality dimensions are associated with progression to AD. To date, there are no studies addressing the psychological determinants of subtle cognitive decline in healthy elderly controls. Methods: 488 community-dwelling healthy controls were assessed with a detailed neuropsychological battery at baseline and an 18-month follow-up. Personality factors and facets were investigated at baseline using the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R). Upon follow-up, there were 264 stable controls (sCON) and 224 deteriorating controls (dCON). Their personality data were compared to those of the 102 MCI cases using one-way analysis of variance and logistic regression models. Results: Significantly higher scores of Openness factor (as well as Aesthetics, Ideas and Values facets) were found in sCON than in both dCON and MCI cases. The three groups did not differ in the other NEO-PI-R factor and facet scores. Openess factor (and the same facets) was associated with cognitive preservation in healthy controls (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87). Lower scores in the same factor and facets conferred higher risk to have MCI (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.79). Conclusion: Higher openness to new experiences and thoughts may be a protective factor against early cognitive decline in brain aging.

scholarly journals Apathy and cognitive and functional decline in community-dwelling older adults: results from the Baltimore ECA longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana E. Clarke ◽  
Jean Y. Ko ◽  
Constantine Lyketsos ◽  
George W. Rebok ◽  
William W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

ABSTRACTBackground: Apathy, a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome, commonly affects patients with Alzheimer's disease. Prevalence estimates for apathy range widely and are based on cross-sectional data and/or clinic samples. This study examines the relationships between apathy and cognitive and functional declines in non-depressed community-based older adults.Methods: Data on 1,136 community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, with 1 and 13 years of follow-up, were used. Apathy was assessed with a subscale of items from the General Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression, t-tests, χ2 and Generalized Estimating Equations were used to accomplish the study's objectives.Results: The prevalence of apathy at Wave 1 was 23.7%. Compared to those without, individuals with apathy were on average older, more likely to be female, and have lower Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and impairments in basic and instrumental functioning at baseline. Apathy was significantly associated with cognitive decline (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.60) and declines in instrumental (OR = 4.42; 95% CI = 2.65, 7.38) and basic (OR = 2.74; 95%CI = 1.35, 5.57) function at 1-year follow-up, even after adjustment for baseline age, level of education, race, and depression at follow-up. At 13 years of follow-up, apathetic individuals were not at greater risk for cognitive decline but were twice as likely to have functional decline. Incidence of apathy at 1-year follow up and 13-year follow-up was 22.6% and 29.4%, respectively.Conclusions: These results underline the public health importance of apathy and the need for further population-based studies in this area.

Association Between Anxiety and Cognitive Decline Over 12 Years in a Population-Based Cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Scherazad Kootar ◽  
Md Hamidul Huque ◽  
Richard Arthur ◽  
Moyra Mortby ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Findings on the associations between anxiety and cognitive decline are mixed and often confounded. Objective: We studied whether anxiety symptoms were associated with the risk of cognitive decline after adequate adjustment of confounding factors. Methods: Our study consists of 2,551 community-dwelling older adults recruited between the ages of 60–64 years and followed up for 12 years in the PATH Through Life cohort study. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Goldberg Anxiety Scale (GAS; range 0–9). General cognitive function, episodic memory, working memory, verbal intelligence, processing speed, and psychomotor speed were measured. Multilevel analyses were carried out to investigate the association between anxiety symptoms and cognitive decline over 12 years, taking into account confounding variables. Results: We did not find a significant association between baseline anxiety symptoms and cognitive decline over 12 years. Although some associations between anxiety symptoms with psychomotor speed (β= –0.04, 99%CI: –0.08, 0.00) and processing speed (β= –0.27, 99%CI: –0.48, –0.07) were found, these were attenuated after adjusting for depression. We also did not find an association between cumulative anxiety and decline in cognitive performance. Conclusion: In this sample of cognitively healthy men and women aged 60 years and above, anxiety symptoms were not associated with the risk of cognitive decline. Long follow-up study time, appropriate selection of confounding factors, and estimating the effect of cumulative anxiety are important to establish the association between anxiety and cognitive symptoms.

CEREAL INTAKE INCREASES AND DAIRY PRODUCTS DECREASE RISK OF COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG ELDERLY FEMALE JAPANESE

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
R. Otsuka ◽  
Y. Kato ◽  
Y. Nishita ◽  
C. Tange ◽  
M. Nakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Second Wave

BACKGROUND: If cognitive decline can be prevented through changes in daily diet with no medical intervention, it will be highly significant for dementia prevention. OBJECTIVES: This longitudinal study examined the associations of different food intakes on cognitive decline among Japanese subjects. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The National Institute for Longevity Sciences - Longitudinal Study of Aging, a community-based study. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 298 males and 272 females aged 60 to 81 years at baseline who participated in the follow-up study (third to seventh wave) at least one time. MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in all study waves. Nutritional intake was assessed using a 3-day dietary record in the second wave. Cumulative data among participants with an MMSE >27 in the second wave were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for an MMSE score ≤27 in each study wave according to a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase of each food intake at baseline were estimated, after adjusting for age, follow-up time, MMSE score at baseline, education, body mass index, annual household income, current smoking status, energy intake, and history of diseases. RESULTS: In men, after adjusting for age, and follow-up period, MMSE score at baseline, the adjusted OR for a decline in MMSE score was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.02-1.42; p=0.032) with a 1-SD increase in cereal intake. After adjusting for education and other confounding variables, the OR for a decrease in MMSE score did not reach statistical significance for this variable. In women, multivariate adjusted OR for MMSE decline was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.15-1.77; p=0.001) with a 1-SD increase in cereal intake and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65-0.98; p=0.034) with a 1-SD increase in milk and dairy product intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that a 1-SD (108 g/day) decrease in cereal intake and a 1-SD (128 g/day) increase in milk and dairy product intake may have an influence of cognitive decline in community-dwelling Japanese women aged 60 years and older. Further studies are needed in order to explore the potential causal relationship.

scholarly journals Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A 20-Year Follow-Up Population-Based Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e52755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Amieva ◽  
Céline Meillon ◽  
Catherine Helmer ◽  
Pascale Barberger-Gateau ◽  
Jean François Dartigues
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Population Based Study

scholarly journals Independent and joint effects of vascular and cardiometabolic risk factor pairs for risk of all-cause dementia: a prospective population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Elizabeth Shaaban ◽  
Yichen Jia ◽  
Chung-Chou H. Chang ◽  
Mary Ganguli
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Adjusted Model

ABSTRACTObjectives:To assess independent and joint effects of pairs of vascular and cardiometabolic risk factors (VCMRFs) in relation to risk of all-cause dementia.Design:Population-based longitudinal cohort study of cognitive impairment. We used an algorithm to select pairs of VCMRFs and tested their joint effects in time-dependent Cox models. We used attributable proportions (AP) to measure the proportion of risk from interactions beyond any additive effect.Setting:Economically depressed small-town population.Participants:Adults age 65+ years with up to 10 yearly study visits (N=1701, median (Q1, Q3) age, 78 (71.0, 83.0), 62.3% female, 94.9% white).Results:Among 1701 participants free from prevalent dementia with at least one follow-up visit, 109 developed incident all-cause dementia. In pairings of APOE*4 with hypertension (HTN) and congestive heart failure (CHF), the variables contributed independently and additively to all-cause dementia risk. In pairings of APOE*4 with stroke and stroke with CHF, the variables demonstrated independent contributions to all-cause dementia risk; their joint effects showed excess detriment demonstrating synergistic interactions (joint HR [95% CI]: 28.33 [6.74, 119.01] and 50.30 [14.57, 173.57] respectively, fully adjusted models). Physical activity (PA) was independently associated with lower all-cause dementia risk when paired with APOE*4, stroke, and CHF in unadjusted models; these associations did not survive covariate adjustment. The joint effect of low PA and APOE*4 was associated with additively increased all-cause dementia risk (joint HR [95% CI]: 4.61 [2.07, 10.23], fully adjusted model).Conclusions:Reduction of VCMRFs, including low PA, could be valuable for dementia prevention, especially among APOE*4 carriers.

scholarly journals Arterial Stiffness Predicts Cognitive Decline in Japanese Community-dwelling Elderly Subjects: A One-year Follow-up Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Yukutake ◽  
Minoru Yamada ◽  
Naoto Fukutani ◽  
Shu Nishiguchi ◽  
Hiroki Kayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Playing Analog Games Is Associated With Reduced Declines in Cognitive Function: A 68-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew M Altschul ◽  
Ian J Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cognitive Speed

Abstract Objectives Playing analog games may be associated with better cognitive function but, to date, these studies have not had extensive longitudinal follow-up. Our goal was to examine the association between playing games and change in cognitive function from age 11 to age 70, and from age 70 to 79. Method Participants were 1,091 nonclinical, independent, community-dwelling individuals all born in 1936 and residing in Scotland. General cognitive function was assessed at ages 11 and 70, and hierarchical domains were assessed at ages 70, 73, 76, and 79 using a comprehensive cognitive battery of 14 tests. Games playing behaviors were assessed at ages 70 and 76. All models controlled for early life cognitive function, education, social class, sex, activity levels, and health issues. All analyses were preregistered. Results Higher frequency of playing games was associated with higher cognitive function at age 70, controlling for age 11 cognitive function, and the majority of this association could not be explained by control variables. Playing more games was also associated with less general cognitive decline from age 70 to age 79, and in particularly, less decline in memory ability. Increased games playing between 70 and 76 was associated with less decline in cognitive speed. Discussion Playing games were associated with less relative cognitive decline from age 11 to age 70, and less cognitive decline from age 70 to 79. Controlling for age 11 cognitive function and other confounders, these findings suggest that playing more games is linked to reduced lifetime decline in cognitive function.

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