Structural Change of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Post-Stroke Comorbid Cognitive Impairment and Depression and Its Correlation with Clinical Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595-1608
Author(s):  
Yi Ling ◽  
Qilu Gu ◽  
Junmei Zhang ◽  
Tianyu Gong ◽  
Xiongpeng Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background: Post-stroke comorbid cognitive impairment and depression (PSCCID) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication after acute stroke. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota may serve as a critical role in patients with PSCCID. Objective: We aimed to characterize the microbial profiles of patients with PSCCID. Method: A total of 175 stroke patients were recruited in the study. The composition of gut bacterial communities of patients was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA Miseq sequencing, and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was used to demonstrate the functional alterations of gut microbiota. We further identified the characteristic gut microbiota of PSCCID using linear discriminant analysis effect size. Results: Patients with PSCCID exhibited an increased abundance of Proteobacteria, including Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, and Enterobacteriaceae, and a decreased abundance of several short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria compared with non-PSCCID patients. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae showed negative correlations with the MoCA score. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results demonstrated the enriched orthologs of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism and decreased orthologs of amino acid metabolism in PSCCID patients. Importantly, the characteristic gut microbiota was identified and achieved an area under the curve of 0.847 between the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, we characterized the gut microbiota of PSCCID patients, and revealed the correlations of the altered gut microbiota with clinical parameters, which took a further step towards non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for PSCCID from fecal samples.

Biomarkers of human gut microbiota diversity and dysbiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Alina M Rüb ◽  
Anastasia Tsakmaklis ◽  
Stefanie K Gräfe ◽  
Marie-Christine Simon ◽  
Maria JGT Vehreschild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids

The association of gut microbiota dysbiosis with various human diseases is being substantiated with increasing evidence. Metabolites derived from both, microbiota and the human host play a central role in disease susceptibility and disease progression by extensively modulating host physiology and metabolism. Several of these metabolites have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring disease states in conjunction with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. In this narrative review we evaluate the potential of trimethylamine-N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, 3-indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, secondary bile acids, hippurate, human β-defensin-2, chromogranin A, secreted immunoglobulins and zonulin to serve as biomarkers for metabolite profiling and diagnostic suitability for dysbiosis and disease.

Gut Microbiota Alterations and Cognitive Impairment Are Sexually Dissociated in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Daniel Cuervo-Zanatta ◽  
Jaime Garcia-Mena ◽  
Claudia Perez-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cognitive Deficiencies

Background: Normal aging is accompanied by cognitive deficiencies, affecting women and men equally. Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with women having a higher risk. The higher prevalence of AD in women is associated with the abrupt hormonal decline seen after menopause. However, other factors may be involved in this sex-related cognitive decline. Alterations in gut microbiota (GM) and its bioproducts have been reported in AD subjects and transgenic (Tg) mice, having a direct impact on brain amyloid-β pathology in male (M), but not in female (F) mice. Objective: The aim of this work was to determine GM composition and cognitive dysfunction in M and F wildtype (WT) and Tg mice, in a sex/genotype segregation design. Methods: Anxiety, short term working-memory, spatial learning, and long-term spatial memory were evaluated in 6-month-old WT and Tg male mice. Fecal short chain fatty acids were determined by chromatography, and DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were used to determine GM differences. Results: We observed sex-dependent differences in cognitive skills in WT mice, favoring F mice. However, the cognitive advantage of females was lost in Tg mice. GM composition showed few sex-related differences in WT mice. Contrary, Tg-M mice presented a more severe dysbiosis than Tg-F mice. A decreased abundance of Ruminococcaceae was associated with cognitive deficits in Tg-F mice, while butyrate levels were positively associated with better working- and object recognition-memory in WT-F mice. Conclusion: This report describes a sex-dependent association between GM alterations and cognitive impairment in a mice model of AD.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated With Altered Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Bojović ◽  
Ður -d ica Ignjatović ◽  
Svetlana Soković Bajić ◽  
Danijela Vojnović Milutinović ◽  
Mirko Tomić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Donor on Recipient Mice Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhong ◽  
Jiahong Cao ◽  
Zhaoxi Deng ◽  
Yanfei Ma ◽  
Jianxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Random Forest Models

Both fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and dietary fiber intervention were verified as effective ways to manipulate the gut microbiota, whereas little is known about the influence of the combined methods on gut microbiota. Here, we constructed “non-industrialized” and “industrialized” gut microbiota models to investigate the donor effect of FMT and diet effect in shaping the gut microbiota. Mice were transplanted fecal microbiota from domestic pig and received a diet with low-fiber (D) or high-fiber (DF), whereas the other two groups were transplanted fecal microbiota from wild pig and then received a diet with low-fiber (W) or high-fiber (WF), respectively. Gut microbiota of WF mice showed a lower Shannon and Simpson index (P < 0.05), whereas gut microbiota of W mice showed no significant difference than that of D and DF mice. Random forest models revealed the major differential bacteria genera between four groups, including Anaeroplasma or unclassified_o_Desulfovibrionales, which were influenced by FMT or diet intervention, respectively. Besides, we found a lower out-of-bag rate in the random forest model constructed for dietary fiber (0.086) than that for FMT (0.114). Linear discriminant analysis effective size demonstrated that FMT combined with dietary fiber altered specific gut microbiota, including Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa, Clostridium XI, and Akkermansia, in D, DF, W, and WF mice, respectively. Our results revealed that FMT from different donors coupled with dietary fiber intervention could lead to different patterns of gut microbiota composition, and dietary fiber might play a more critical role in shaping gut microbiota than FMT donor. Strategies based on dietary fiber can influence the effectiveness of FMT in the recipient.

scholarly journals Altered Gut Microbiota in Korean Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3300
Author(s):  
Sungji Ha ◽  
Donghun Oh ◽  
Sunghee Lee ◽  
Jaewan Park ◽  
Jaeun Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Behavioral Impairments

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and behavioral impairments. Recent studies have suggested that gut microbiota play a critical role in ASD pathogenesis. Herein, we investigated the fecal microflora of Korean ASD children to determine gut microbiota profiles associated with ASD. Specifically, fecal samples were obtained from 54 children with ASD and 38 age-matched children exhibiting typical development. Systematic bioinformatic analysis revealed that the composition of gut microbiota differed between ASD and typically developing children (TDC). Moreover, the total amounts of short-chain fatty acids, metabolites produced by bacteria, were increased in ASD children. At the phylum level, we found a significant decrease in the relative Bacteroidetes abundance of the ASD group, whereas Actinobacteria abundance was significantly increased. Furthermore, we found significantly lower Bacteroides levels and higher Bifidobacterium levels in the ASD group than in the TDC group at the genus level. Functional analysis of the microbiota in ASD children predicted that several pathways, including genetic information processing and amino acid metabolism, can be associated with ASD pathogenesis. Although more research is needed to determine whether the differences between ASD and TDC are actually related to ASD pathogenesis, these results provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in children with ASD, possibly providing new perspectives on the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches for ASD patients.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Multi-Omics Study of a Mother-Infant Dyad from Breastfeeding to Weaning: An Individualized Approach to Understand the Interactions Among Diet, Fecal Metabolome and Microbiota Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Conta ◽  
Federica Del Chierico ◽  
Sofia Reddel ◽  
Federico Marini ◽  
Fabio Sciubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Stool Samples

The development of the human gut microbiota is characterized by a dynamic sequence of events from birth to adulthood, which make the gut microbiota unique for everyone. Its composition and metabolism may play a critical role in the intestinal homeostasis and health. We propose a study on a single mother-infant dyad to follow the dynamics of an infant fecal microbiota and metabolome changes in relation to breast milk composition during the lactation period and evaluate the changes induced by introduction of complementary food during the weaning period. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was performed on breast milk and, together with 16S RNA targeted-metagenomics analysis, also on infant stool samples of a mother-infant dyad collected over a period running from the exclusive breastfeeding diet to weaning. Breast milk samples and neonatal stool samples were collected from the 4th to the 10th month of life. Both specimens were collected from day 103 to day 175, while from day 219–268 only stool samples were examined. An exploratory and a predictive analysis were carried out by means of Common component and specific weight analysis and multi-block partial least squares discriminant analysis, respectively. Stools collected during breastfeeding and during a mixed fruit/breastfeeding diet were characterized by high levels of fucosyl-oligosaccharides and glycolysis intermediates, including succinate and formate. The transition to a semi-solid food diet was characterized by several changes in fecal parameters: increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, including acetate, propionate and butyrate, dissapearance of HMOs and the shift in the community composition, mainly occurring within the Firmicutes phylum. The variations in the fecal metabolome reflected the infant’s diet transition, while the composition of the microbiota followed a more complex and still unstable behavior.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Human Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Guo ◽  
Xiaosu Li ◽  
Zhijian Wang ◽  
Bo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Structure ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Human Hypertension ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors to human health and human studies on association between gut microbiota and hypertension or blood pressure have received increased attention. In the present study, we aim to evaluate gut microbiota dysbiosis in human hypertension using a method of systematic review.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched until March 2021 to identify eligible articles. Additional articles were also identified by searching specific authors in this field. Inclusion criteria were observational studies based on stool samples with hypertension group and control group. Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020212219.Results: A total of 17 studies enrolling 9,085 participants were included. Fifteen of the enrolled studies showed good quality and two studies showed fair quality based on NOS. We found alpha diversity in hypertension decreased significantly and microbial structure can be separated compared with control groups. Gut microbiota of hypertension showed depletion of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers and over-growth of some Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes members. Up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, phosphotransferase system, ABC transporters, etc. and down-regulation of some amino acid metabolism, etc. in hypertension were reported. Fecal SCFAs levels increased and plasma SCFAs levels decreased in hypertension. Stronger microbial interactions in hypertension were seen.Conclusion: In conclusion, gut microbiota dysbiosis was observed in hypertension, including decreased diversity, altered microbial structure, compositional change of taxa, alterations of microbial function, nutritional and immunological factors, and microbial interactions. Poor absorption and high excretion of SCFAs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. These findings may provide insights into etiology study and new microbial-based therapies of hypertension.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO database, identifier CRD42020212219.

Potential of serum metabolites for diagnosing post-stroke cognitive impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3287-3296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Kaige Zhou ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Xin Dong ◽  
Guangguo Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Metabolite Markers

A panel of serum metabolite markers (glutamine, kynurenine, and LysoPC(18:2)) was identified as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for post-stroke cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Health and The Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem: The Impact of Cardiovascular Therapies on The Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Noora Alhajri ◽  
Rubiya Khursheed ◽  
Mohammad Taher Ali ◽  
Tareq Abu Izneid ◽  
Oumaima Al-Kabbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
The Impact

It has become evident over the past several years that the intestinal microbial ecosystem plays a critical role in the development and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota ecosystem functions as a major virtual endocrine organ that interacts and responds to molecules’ signals within the host. Several meta-organismal pathways are involved in the gut–host interaction, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Host phenotype and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) varying from hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity to more specific inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis and hypercoagulability, have shown to be affected by the gut–host interaction. Additionally, several studies that involved animals and humans demonstrated a striking connection between the development of new CVDs and an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition along with the presence of their derived metabolites. Through this review article, we aim to evaluate the role of the normal gut microbiota ecosystem, its association with CVDs, effects of the therapies used to control and manage CVDs in the gut microbiota environment and explore potential therapeutic interventions to amplify disease outcomes in patients with CVDs.

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