scholarly journals Amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Study of Citation Practices of the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis Between 1992 and 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1309-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Daly ◽  
Marion Houot ◽  
Anouk Barberousse ◽  
Yves Agid ◽  
Stéphane Epelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis ◽  
Citation Practices ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

Amyloid β-peptide and Alzheimer's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allsop ◽  
Jennifer Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Aβ Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

One of the hallmarks of AD (Alzheimer's disease) is the formation of senile plaques in the brain, which contain fibrils composed of Aβ (amyloid β-peptide). According to the ‘amyloid cascade’ hypothesis, the aggregation of Aβ initiates a sequence of events leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, neurodegeneration, and on to the main symptom of dementia. However, emphasis has now shifted away from fibrillar forms of Aβ and towards smaller and more soluble ‘oligomers’ as the main culprit in AD. The present chapter commences with a brief introduction to the disease and its current treatment, and then focuses on the formation of Aβ from the APP (amyloid precursor protein), the genetics of early-onset AD, which has provided strong support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis, and then on the development of new drugs aimed at reducing the load of cerebral Aβ, which is still the main hope for providing a more effective treatment for AD in the future.

Cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: clinical management and prevention

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l6217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Joe ◽  
John M Ringman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis ◽  
Prodromal Ad ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Medical Foods ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

ABSTRACTAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β in the form of extracellular plaques and by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, with eventual neurodegeneration and dementia. There is currently no disease-modifying treatment though several symptomatic medications exist with modest benefit on cognition. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have a consistent benefit across all stages of dementia; their benefit in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal AD is unproven. Memantine has a smaller benefit on cognition overall which is limited to the moderate to severe stages, and the combination of a cholinesterase inhibitor and memantine may have additional efficacy. Evidence for the efficacy of vitamin E supplementation and medical foods is weak but might be considered in the context of cost, availability, and safety in individual patients. Apparently promising disease-modifying interventions, mostly addressing the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, have recently failed to demonstrate efficacy so novel approaches must be considered.

scholarly journals Fleshing out the amyloid cascade hypothesis: the molecular biology of Alzheimer's disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis ◽  
Protein Tau ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder of two pathologies- plaques and tangles. The former have as a key constituent amyloid protein and the latter the microtubule-associaied protein tau. Genetics has demonstrated that changes in either protein are sufficient to cause dementia. The amyloid cascade hypothesis proposes that plaque-related changes precede tangle-related changes and positions amyloid as central to the degeneration of AD. All the evidence suggests this is correct, including evidence that presenil ins alter the processing of the amyloid precursor protein and evidence that disrupting the normal properties of tau underlies the related froniotemporal dementias. The amyloid cascade hypothesis has provided the basis for nearly a decade of intensive basic science - the skeleton of that hypothesis can now be fleshed out, and confidence is growing that this will result in useful disease-modifying therapies in the future.

scholarly journals Computational Modeling of Catecholamines Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease at Pre-Plaque Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Daniele Caligiore ◽  
Massimo Silvetti ◽  
Marcello D’Amelio ◽  
Stefano Puglisi-Allegra ◽  
Gianluca Baldassarre
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Catecholamine Release ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
System Level ◽  
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis ◽  
Neural Data ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) etiopathogenesis remains partially unexplained. The main conceptual framework used to study AD is the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis, although the failure of recent clinical experimentation seems to reduce its potential in AD research. Objective: A possible explanation for the failure of clinical trials is that they are set too late in AD progression. Recent studies suggest that the ventral tegmental area (VTA) degeneration could be one of the first events occurring in AD progression (pre-plaque stage). Methods: Here we investigate this hypothesis through a computational model and computer simulations validated with behavioral and neural data from patients. Results: We show that VTA degeneration might lead to system-level adjustments of catecholamine release, triggering a sequence of events leading to relevant clinical and pathological signs of AD. These changes consist first in a midfrontal-driven compensatory hyperactivation of both VTA and locus coeruleus (norepinephrine) followed, with the progression of the VTA impairment, by a downregulation of catecholamine release. These processes could then trigger the neural degeneration at the cortical and hippocampal levels, due to the chronic loss of the neuroprotective role of norepinephrine. Conclusion: Our novel hypothesis might contribute to the formulation of a wider system-level view of AD which might help to devise early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Intracellular Calcium Dysregulation by the Alzheimer’s Disease-Linked Protein Presenilin 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Galla ◽  
Nelly Redolfi ◽  
Tullio Pozzan ◽  
Paola Pizzo ◽  
Elisa Greotti
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Presenilin 1 ◽  
Calcium Dysregulation ◽  
Aβ Peptides ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Presenilin 2 ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Even though most AD cases are sporadic, a small percentage is familial due to autosomal dominant mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN2) genes. AD mutations contribute to the generation of toxic amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and the formation of cerebral plaques, leading to the formulation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis for AD pathogenesis. Many drugs have been developed to inhibit this pathway but all these approaches currently failed, raising the need to find additional pathogenic mechanisms. Alterations in cellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling have also been reported as causative of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, Aβ peptides, mutated presenilin-1 (PS1), and presenilin-2 (PS2) variously lead to modifications in Ca2+ homeostasis. In this contribution, we focus on PS2, summarizing how AD-linked PS2 mutants alter multiple Ca2+ pathways and the functional consequences of this Ca2+ dysregulation in AD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Role of Amyloid-β and Tau Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease: Confuting the Amyloid Cascade

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gulisano ◽  
Daniele Maugeri ◽  
Marian A. Baltrons ◽  
Mauro Fà ◽  
Arianna Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Amyloid Cascade
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