scholarly journals Dementia, Risk, Risk Reduction, and Translation into Practice: An International Research Network for Dementia Prevention (IRNDP) Special Issue

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (s1) ◽  
pp. S1-S3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Ruth Peters
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
International Research ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention

scholarly journals Future Directions for Dementia Risk Reduction and Prevention Research: An International Research Network on Dementia Prevention Consensus

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Ruth Peters ◽  
Lidan Zheng ◽  
Deborah E. Barnes ◽  
Carol Brayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
International Research ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention

In the past decade a large body of evidence has accumulated on risk factors for dementia, primarily from Europe and North America. Drawing on recent integrative reviews and a consensus workshop, the International Research Network on Dementia Prevention developed a consensus statement on priorities for future research. Significant gaps in geographical location, representativeness, diversity, duration, mechanisms, and research on combinations of risk factors were identified. Future research to inform dementia risk reduction should fill gaps in the evidence base, take a life-course, multi-domain approach, and inform population health approaches that improve the brain-health of whole communities.

scholarly journals Development of the First WHO Guidelines for Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stephen ◽  
Mariagnese Barbera ◽  
Ruth Peters ◽  
Nicole Ee ◽  
Lidan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Multidomain Intervention ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

The first WHO guidelines for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia marked an important milestone in the field of dementia prevention. In this paper, we discuss the evidence reviewed as part of the guidelines development and present the main themes emerged from its synthesis, to inform future research and policies on dementia risk reduction. The role of intervention effect-size; the mismatch between observational and intervention-based evidence; the heterogeneity of evidence among intervention trials; the importance of intervention duration; the role of timing of exposure to a certain risk factor and interventions; the relationship between intervention intensity and response; the link between individual risk factors and specific dementia pathologies; and the need for tailored interventions emerged as the main themes. The interaction and clustering of individual risk factors, including genetics, was identified as the overarching theme. The evidence collected indicates that multidomain approaches targeting simultaneously multiple risk factors and tailored at both individual and population level, are likely to be most effective and feasible in dementia risk reduction. The current status of multidomain intervention trials aimed to cognitive impairment/dementia prevention was also briefly reviewed. Primary results were presented focusing on methodological differences and the potential of design harmonization for improving evidence quality. Since multidomain intervention trials address a condition with slow clinical manifestation—like dementia—in a relatively short time frame, the need for surrogate outcomes was also discussed, with a specific focus on the potential utility of dementia risk scores. Finally, we considered how multidomain intervention could be most effectively implemented in a public health context and the implications world-wide for other non-communicable diseases targeting common risk factors, taking into account the limited evidence in low-middle income countries. In conclusion, the evidence from the first WHO guidelines for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia indicated that “one size does not fit all,” and multidomain approaches adaptable to different populations and individuals are likely to be the most effective. Harmonization in trial design, the use of appropriate outcome measures, and sustainability in large at-risk populations in the context of other chronic disorders also emerged as key elements.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic factors associated with Public knowledge of dementia in a Cuban population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoylen Fernandez-Fleites ◽  
Yunier Broche-Perez ◽  
Claire Eccleston ◽  
Elizabeth Jimenez-Puig ◽  
Evelyn Fernandez-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
University Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Cuban Population

population with regard to dementia risk factors and to determine the demographic variables related with it. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1004 Cubans. Methods: The survey measured the importance placed on dementia, risk reduction knowledge and the actions to prevent it. Logistic regression was undertaken to identify variables associated with knowledge. Results: Most respondents (47.5%) believe that dementia risk reduction should start before age of 40. Cognitive stimulation and physical activities were selected with major frequency. Being older than 48 years, having previous contact with dementia and university education increases the probability of having healthy lifestyles. Conclusions: The exploration of demographic variables allows the prediction of likelihood to know about or have positive beliefs in relation to dementia. They should be contemplated into strategies for dementia prevention in Cuban population.

scholarly journals Dementia Risk Scores and Their Role in the Implementation of Risk Reduction Guidelines

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Lidan Zheng ◽  
Ruth Peters ◽  
Scherazad Kootar ◽  
Mariagnese Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Dementia prevention is a global health priority. In 2019, the World Health Organisation published its first evidence-based guidelines on dementia risk reduction. We are now at the stage where we need effective tools and resources to assess dementia risk and implement these guidelines into policy and practice. In this paper we review dementia risk scores as a means to facilitate this process. Specifically, we (a) discuss the rationale for dementia risk assessment, (b) outline some conceptual and methodological issues to consider when reviewing risk scores, (c) evaluate some dementia risk scores that are currently in use, and (d) provide some comments about future directions. A dementia risk score is a weighted composite of risk factors that reflects the likelihood of an individual developing dementia. In general, dementia risks scores have a wide range of implementations and benefits including providing early identification of individuals at high risk, improving risk perception for patients and physicians, and helping health professionals recommend targeted interventions to improve lifestyle habits to decrease dementia risk. A number of risk scores for dementia have been published, and some are widely used in research and clinical trials e.g., CAIDE, ANU-ADRI, and LIBRA. However, there are some methodological concerns and limitations associated with the use of these risk scores and more research is needed to increase their effectiveness and applicability. Overall, we conclude that, while further refinement of risk scores is underway, there is adequate evidence to use these assessments to implement guidelines on dementia risk reduction.

scholarly journals OVERSIMPLIFICATION OF DEMENTIA RISK REDUCTION MESSAGING IS A THREAT TO KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION IN DEMENTIA PREVENTION RESEARCH

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
K.J. Anstey ◽  
R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention

The evidence for specific risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and all cause dementia is increasing rapidly in quantity and quality. This has enabled the compilation of risk assessment tools for Alzheimer’s disease (1), and their validation (2). It has also supported the promulgation of public health messaging about dementia risk reduction or dementia prevention. In general these developments are strong advances in the field of dementia prevention. However, the oversimplification of the findings and possible over-or mis-interpretation of their meaning, poses risks to accurate and effective knowledge translation in this field. Lack of balance in the interpretation of evidence on risk factors for dementia may lead to trials of interventions for dementia prevention that are ineffective. This will waste resources and create pessimism about dementia prevention research. Two potential problems that may occur when translating evidence from observational research into prescriptions for prevention are identified here. The first is the generalisation of specific findings about risk factors either to multiple types of dementia or to multiple populations, when the evidence is in fact relevant to specific populations or outcomes. The second is the inference that reversal of a risk factor will lead to prevention, without knowledge of the threshold at which a factor becomes a ‘risk’, or evidence that reversal of the risk factor also reverses neuropathological processes instigated or caused by the risk factor.

scholarly journals Multidomain interventions: state-of-the-art and future directions for protocols to implement precision dementia risk reduction. A user manual for Brain Health Services—part 4 of 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Solomon ◽  
Ruth Stephen ◽  
Daniele Altomare ◽  
Emmanuel Carrera ◽  
Giovanni B. Frisoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Multidomain Intervention ◽  
Prevention Trials

AbstractAlthough prevention of dementia and late-life cognitive decline is a major public health priority, there are currently no generally established prevention strategies or operational models for implementing such strategies into practice. This article is a narrative review of available evidence from multidomain dementia prevention trials targeting several risk factors and disease mechanisms simultaneously, in individuals without dementia at baseline. Based on the findings, we formulate recommendations for implementing precision risk reduction strategies into new services called Brain Health Services. A literature search was conducted using medical databases (MEDLINE via PubMed and SCOPUS) to select relevant studies: non-pharmacological multidomain interventions (i.e., combining two or more intervention domains), target population including individuals without dementia, and primary outcomes including cognitive/functional performance changes and/or incident cognitive impairment or dementia. Further literature searches covered the following topics: sub-group analyses assessing potential modifiers for the intervention effect on cognition in the multidomain prevention trials, dementia risk scores used as surrogate outcomes in multidomain prevention trials, dementia risk scores in relation to brain pathology markers, and cardiovascular risk scores in relation to dementia. Multidomain intervention studies conducted so far appear to have mixed results and substantial variability in target populations, format and intensity of interventions, choice of control conditions, and outcome measures. Most trials were conducted in high-income countries. The differences in design between the larger, longer-term trials that met vs. did not meet their primary outcomes suggest that multidomain intervention effectiveness may be dependent on a precision prevention approach, i.e., successfully identifying the at-risk groups who are most likely to benefit. One such successful trial has already developed an operational model for implementing the intervention into practice. Evidence on the efficacy of risk reduction interventions is promising, but not yet conclusive. More long-term multidomain randomized controlled trials are needed to fill the current evidence gaps, especially concerning low- and middle-income countries and integration of dementia prevention with existing cerebrovascular prevention programs. A precision risk reduction approach may be most effective for dementia prevention. Such an approach could be implemented in Brain Health Services.

scholarly journals Transdisciplinary Translational Science for Youth Health and Wellness: Introduction to a Special Issue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley T. Scudder ◽  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
Richard Spoth ◽  
Constance C. Beecher ◽  
Michael C. Dorneich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Research Network ◽  
World Health ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Youth Health ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches

Abstract Background Transdisciplinary translational science applies interdisciplinary approaches to the generation of novel concepts, theories and methods involving collaborations among academic and non-academic partners, in order to advance the translation of science into broader community practice. Objective This paper introduces a special issue on transdisciplinary translational science for youth health and wellness. We provide an overview of relevant research paradigms, share the related goals of the Iowa State University Translational Research Network (U-TuRN), and introduce the specific papers in the issue. Method Authors were asked to submit empirical reports, programmatic reviews or policy-related papers that examined youth health issues from a transdisciplinary translational perspective. Results The papers included in this special issue each involve direct and fully-integrated community-university partnerships and collaborations between academic and non-academic partners in scholarship and research. Reports emphasize the value of the applied nature of the work with a research agenda driven primarily by real-world health and social needs. Conclusions There is growing acceptance of the need for transdisciplinary, community-university collaborative research approaches as a means to meet both the requirements posed by real-world problems as well as goals of advancing scientific knowledge and innovation. In this issue, readers will find papers that show the promise of rethinking existing conceptual frameworks to incorporate transdisciplinary approaches as a catalyst to addressing translational science questions related to the field of children and youth care.

Home data collection: developing a framework for an international research network registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. S423-S424
Author(s):  
K. Xiao ◽  
M. Chan ◽  
Y. Bu ◽  
N. Beyzaei ◽  
G. Dorffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
International Research ◽  
Research Network
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