Auditory Brainstem Dysfunction, Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Alzheimer’s Disease in Young Urban Residents Exposed to Air Pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusra Mansour ◽  
Kaitlyn Blackburn ◽  
Luis Oscar González-González ◽  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Randy J. Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Brainstem Dysfunction

Auditory Brainstem Dysfunction, Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Alzheimer’s Disease in Young Urban Residents Exposed to Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusra Mansour ◽  
Kaitlyn Blackburn ◽  
Luis Oscar González-González ◽  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Randy J. Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Complex Sounds

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a biological construct defined by abnormal deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β. The 2050 projection for AD in the USA is 14 million. There is a strong association between AD, air pollution, and traffic. Early diagnosis is imperative for intervention in the initial disease stages. Hearing and, specifically, the ability to encode complex sounds are impaired in AD. Nuclei in the auditory brainstem appear to be sensitive to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Specifically, sustained exposure to air pollution is harmful to the brainstem; young residents of Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) exposed to fine particulate matter and combustion-derived nanoparticles develop AD pathology in infancy. MMC clinically healthy children and teens have significant central delays in brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Herein, we review evidence that the auditory pathway is a key site of AD early pathology associated with air pollution and is significantly involved in AD patients. We strongly suggest electrophysiological screening, including BAEPs, be employed to screen individuals for early delays and to monitor progressive decline in patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and AD. Understanding auditory dysfunction in early AD in pediatric and young adult populations may clarify mechanisms of disease progression. Air pollution is a risk factor for the development of AD and as the number of Americans with AD continues to grow without a cure, we need to focus on preventable, early causes of this fatal disease and intervene appropriately.

scholarly journals Promise and Challenge: The Lens Model as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Tian ◽  
Boai Zhang ◽  
Yanjie Jia ◽  
Zhaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Protein Deposits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia pathologically characterized by cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition. Early and accurate diagnosis of the disease still remains a big challenge. There is evidence that Aβaggregation starts to occur years before symptoms arise. Noninvasive monitoring of Aβplaques is critical for both the early diagnosis and prognosis of AD. Presently, there is a major effort on looking for a reasonably priced technology capable of diagnosing AD by detecting the presence of Aβ. Studies suggest that AD is systemic rather than brain-limited focus diseases and the aggregation of the disease-causing proteins also takes place in lens except the brain. There is a possible relationship between AD and a specific subtype of age-related cataract (supranuclear cataract). If similar abnormal protein deposits are present in the lens, it would facilitate non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. However, there are controversies on the issues related to performance and validation of Aβdeposition in lens as biomarkers for early detection of AD. Here we review the recent findings concerning Aβdeposition in the lenses of AD patients and evaluate if the ocular lens can provide a biomarker for AD.

scholarly journals EEG microstate complexity for aiding early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Tait ◽  
Francesco Tamagnini ◽  
George Stothart ◽  
Edoardo Barvas ◽  
Chiara Monaldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Microstate Analysis

Abstract The dynamics of the resting brain exhibit transitions between a small number of discrete networks, each remaining stable for tens to hundreds of milliseconds. These functional microstates are thought to be the building blocks of spontaneous consciousness. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a useful tool for imaging microstates, and EEG microstate analysis can potentially give insight into altered brain dynamics underpinning cognitive impairment in disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since EEG is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive, EEG microstates have the potential to be useful clinical tools for aiding early diagnosis of AD. In this study, EEG was collected from two independent cohorts of probable AD and cognitively healthy control participants, and a cohort of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with four-year clinical follow-up. The microstate associated with the frontoparietal working-memory/attention network was altered in AD due to parietal inactivation. Using a novel measure of complexity, we found microstate transitioning was slower and less complex in AD. When combined with a spectral EEG measure, microstate complexity could classify AD with sensitivity and specificity > 80%, which was tested on an independent cohort, and could predict progression from MCI to AD in a small preliminary test cohort of 11 participants. EEG microstates therefore have potential to be a non-invasive functional biomarker of AD.

scholarly journals Advances in the development paradigm of biosample‐based biosensors for early ultrasensitive detection of alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hem Prakash Karki ◽  
Yeongseok Jang ◽  
Jinmu Jung ◽  
Jonghyun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Ultrasensitive Detection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Home Based

AbstractThis review highlights current developments, challenges, and future directions for the use of invasive and noninvasive biosample-based small biosensors for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with biomarkers to incite a conceptual idea from a broad number of readers in this field. We provide the most promising concept about biosensors on the basis of detection scale (from femto to micro) using invasive and noninvasive biosamples such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, sweat, and tear. It also summarizes sensor types and detailed analyzing techniques for ultrasensitive detection of multiple target biomarkers (i.e., amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, tau protein, Acetylcholine (Ach), microRNA137, etc.) of AD in terms of detection ranges and limit of detections (LODs). As the most significant disadvantage of CSF and blood-based detection of AD is associated with the invasiveness of sample collection which limits future strategy with home-based early screening of AD, we extensively reviewed the future trend of new noninvasive detection techniques (such as optical screening and bio-imaging process). To overcome the limitation of non-invasive biosamples with low concentrations of AD biomarkers, current efforts to enhance the sensitivity of biosensors and discover new types of biomarkers using non-invasive body fluids are presented. We also introduced future trends facing an infection point in early diagnosis of AD with simultaneous emergence of addressable innovative technologies.

A Transfer Learning Approach for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease on MRI Images

Neuroscience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Mehmood ◽  
Shuyuan yang ◽  
Zhixi feng ◽  
Min wang ◽  
AL Smadi Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Learning Approach
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