Early-Life Risk Factors for Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Later Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jie Wang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jie-Qiong Li ◽  
Xi-Peng Cao ◽  
Lan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life

Risk factors for falls in older people with cognitive impairment living in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 101452
Author(s):  
Thanwarat Chantanachai ◽  
Daina L. Sturnieks ◽  
Stephen R. Lord ◽  
Narelle Payne ◽  
Lyndell Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of frailty among people in rural areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e043494
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Qiufang Li ◽  
Feifei Guo ◽  
Maoni Zhao ◽  
Luyao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Adl Disability ◽  
Perception Of Health

ObjectiveOlder people in rural areas are possibly more frail due to the limited medical resources and lower socioeconomic status. Given the negative healthy outcomes caused by frailty, knowing the epidemiology of frailty in rural areas is of great importance. We tried to synthesise the existing evidences for the prevalence and risk factors of frailty in rural areas.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus were used to identify the articles from inception to 30 April 2019.Eligibility criteriaObservational studies providing cross-sectional data on the prevalence of frailty in rural elderly were extracted.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent investigators selected studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. The pool prevalence of frailty was calculated by the random effects model and the OR and 95% CI were used to calculate the risk factors.ResultsThe literature search yielded 2219 articles, of which 23 met the study criteria and were included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty were 18% (95% CI 15% to 21%, I2=98.5%, p<0.001) and 50% (95% CI 45% to 56%, I2=98.4%, p<0.001), respectively. The pooled frailty prevalence was 15% for the Fried Phenotype, 18% for the Frailty Index and 23% for other criteria. The pooled prevalence of frailty was 17% for males and 26% for females. The pooled prevalence of frailty was 17% in developing countries and 23% in developed countries. Age, cognitive impairment, depressive symptom, risk of malnutrition, activity of daily living (ADL) disability and poor self-perception of health were associated with frailty. There was no publication bias.ConclusionsFrailty influences almost one in five older people in rural areas, and increasing age, cognitive impairment, depressive symptom, risk of malnutrition, ADL disability and poor self-perception of health were all risk factors for frailty. We should be cautious about the research results due to the heterogeneity between studies.

Cardiovascular risk factors in those born preterm – systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Prabha H. Andraweera ◽  
Bradley Condon ◽  
Gemma Collett ◽  
Stefania Gentilcore ◽  
Zohra S. Lassi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Emerging evidence demonstrates a link between preterm birth (PTB) and later life cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare conventional CVD risk factors between those born preterm and at term. PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018095005). CVD risk factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index, lipid profile, blood glucose, and fasting insulin among those born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestation) were compared with those born at term (≥37 weeks’ gestation). Subgroup analyses based on gender, age, gestational at birth (<32 weeks’ gestation and <28 weeks’ gestation), and PTB associated with small for gestational age or average for gestational age were also performed. Fifty-six studies provided data on 308,987 individuals. Being born preterm was associated with 3.26 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08 to 4.44) higher mean SBP and 1.32 mmHg (95% CI: 0.61 to 2.04) higher mean DBP compared to being born at term. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that SBP was higher among (a) preterm compared to term groups from early adolescence until adulthood; (b) females born preterm but not among males born preterm compared to term controls; and (c) those born at <32 weeks or <28 weeks compared to term. Our meta-analyses demonstrate higher SBP and DBP among those born preterm compared to term. The difference in SBP is evident from early adolescence until adulthood.

scholarly journals Risk factors for predicting progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e027313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
Xianglian Zhou ◽  
Xiaohong Wen ◽  
Xueting Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Normal Cognition

IntroductionMild cognitive impairment (MCI) often represents the earliest stage of Alzheimer’s disease. There has been considerable research investigating specific risk factors regarding the progression from normal cognition to MCI. However, different studies have come to different conclusions on the impact of particular risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis of the risk factors that predict cognitive disruption in individuals based on associations with MCI.Methods and analysisWe will search seven electronic databases without time limit, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wan Fang Database and China Biology Medicine. Two researchers will independently screen for eligibility and perform data extraction. Data were extracted from cohort studies meeting the inclusive criteria according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) methods. A third member of the research team will be contacted when a consensus cannot be reached. Any disagreement will be settled by consensus. The NOS will be used to assess the quality of the studies. All analyses were performed using Stata V.15.1.Ethics and disseminationWe will report this review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. We will disseminate our findings through a publication in a peer-reviewed journal. This systematic review does not require ethical approval as no primary data are collected.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018109099.

scholarly journals Sex differences in early-life programming of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in humans suggest increased vulnerability in females: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Carpenter ◽  
S. M. Grecian ◽  
R. M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal

Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure is a key mechanism linking early development with later-life disease. In humans, low birth weight associates with increased fasting cortisol, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, and with cardiovascular risk and cognitive decline. As there are sex differences in these adult diseases, we hypothesized that there may be sex differences in programming of the HPA axis in response to prenatal stressors. We conducted a systematic review following Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. We searched Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science from inception to 31 October 2016. We included studies related to sex differences, prenatal exposures and HPA axis. We excluded studies investigating specific disease states. The 23 included studies investigated the consequences of low birth weight, preterm birth and maternal stressors of asthma, psychosocial stress and glucocorticoid medications on HPA axis outcomes of placental glucocorticoid biology and offspring HPA axis function in early life and later life. Female offspring exposed to stressors had increased HPA axis reactivity compared with males. Furthermore, the female placenta increased its permeability to maternal glucocorticoids following maternal stress with changes in the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in response to maternal glucocorticoid exposure or asthma. Among males there was some evidence of altered diurnal cortisol secretion. We conclude that although there is some evidence of male vulnerability leading to altered diurnal cortisol secretion, the female HPA axis is more vulnerable to programming, particularly in terms of its reactivity; this suggests a mechanism underlying sex differences in later-life diseases.

scholarly journals Early life modifiable risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambrish Singh ◽  
Graeme Jones ◽  
Changhai Ding ◽  
Tania Winzenberg ◽  
Flavia Cicuttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Knee Oa

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of OA which affects knee joints and there is currently no disease-modifying treatment available for OA. Therefore, an ideal strategy to prevent the development of OA is to identify and intervene at the modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of OA. Early-life factors such as obesity and malalignment may affect the mechanical aspect of the knee (i.e. alterations in normal knee kinematics) and could be the risk factor for the development of knee OA in later life. Identifying early-life (gestational factors, congenital defects, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood) factors which affect the development of knee OA in later stages of the life may help to develop targeted prevention programs in early-life itself to prevent the development of knee OA. Hence, this systematic review protocol provides the method to be used to comprehensively summarise the existing evidence on early life modifiable risk factors associated with the development and progression of knee OA.

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