scholarly journals Role of Glutamate and NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
P. Hemachandra Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nmda Receptors

scholarly journals Cognitive Decline in Neuronal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Role of NMDA Receptors and Associated Proteins

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Avila ◽  
María Llorens-Martín ◽  
Noemí Pallas-Bazarra ◽  
Marta Bolós ◽  
Juan R. Perea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Associated Proteins

scholarly journals The Role of NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Liu ◽  
Lirong Chang ◽  
Yizhi Song ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nmda Receptors

The Role of D-Amino Acids in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Luciano Piubelli ◽  
Giulia Murtas ◽  
Valentina Rabattoni ◽  
Loredano Pollegioni
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Receptor Modulation ◽  
Improve Life Expectancy

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the main cause of dementia worldwide, is characterized by a complex and multifactorial etiology. In large part, excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system is mediated by glutamate and its receptors are involved in synaptic plasticity. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which require the agonist glutamate and a coagonist such as glycine or the D-enantiomer of serine for activation, play a main role here. A second D-amino acid, D-aspartate, acts as agonist of NMDA receptors. D-amino acids, present in low amounts in nature and long considered to be of bacterial origin, have distinctive functions in mammals. In recent years, alterations in physiological levels of various D-amino acids have been linked to various pathological states, ranging from chronic kidney disease to neurological disorders. Actually, the level of NMDA receptor signaling must be balanced to promote neuronal survival and prevent neurodegeneration: this signaling in AD is affected mainly by glutamate availability and modulation of the receptor’s functions. Here, we report the experimental findings linking D-serine and D-aspartate, through NMDA receptor modulation, to AD and cognitive functions. Interestingly, AD progression has been also associated with the enzymes related to D-amino acid metabolism as well as with glucose and serine metabolism. Furthermore, the D-serine and D-/total serine ratio in serum have been recently proposed as biomarkers of AD progression. A greater understanding of the role of D-amino acids in excitotoxicity related to the pathogenesis of AD will facilitate novel therapeutic treatments to cure the disease and improve life expectancy.

Dissecting the role of Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 in Alzheimer's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lerche ◽  
M Willem ◽  
K Kleinknecht ◽  
C Romberg ◽  
U Konietzko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone

Role of melatonin in regulating neurogenesis: Implications for the neurodegenerative pathology and analogous therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuri Shukla ◽  
Areechun Sotthibundhu ◽  
Piyarat Govitrapong
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation

The revelation of adult brain exhibiting neurogenesis has established that the brain possesses great plasticity and that neurons could be spawned in the neurogenic zones where hippocampal adult neurogenesis attributes to learning and memory processes. With strong implications in brain functional homeostasis, aging and cognition, various aspects of adult neurogenesis reveal exuberant mechanistic associations thereby further aiding in facilitating the therapeutic approaches regarding the development of neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Impaired neurogenesis has been significantly evident in AD with compromised hippocampal function and cognitive deficits. Melatonin the pineal indolamine augments neurogenesis and has been linked to AD development as its levels are compromised with disease progression. Here, in this review, we discuss and appraise the mechanisms via which melatonin regulates neurogenesis in pathophysiological conditions which would unravel the molecular basis in such conditions and its role in endogenous brain repair. Also, its components as key regulators of neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryonic and adult brain would aid in accentuating the therapeutic implications of this indoleamine in line of prevention and treatment of AD.   

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