Glutamine and Glutamate Complex, as Measured by Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Alters During Face-Name Association Task in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geon-Ho Jahng ◽  
Janghoon Oh ◽  
Do-Wan Lee ◽  
Hyug-Gi Kim ◽  
Hak Young Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Longitudinal Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Hyun Cho ◽  
Hak Young Rhee ◽  
Janghoon Oh ◽  
Jin San Lee ◽  
Soonchan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Metabolites ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Background: Longitudinal changes of brain metabolites during a functional stimulation are unknown in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects. Objective: This study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes of brain metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in response to treatment during a memory task in the subjects of cognitive normal (CN), aMCI, and AD. Methods: We acquired functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) data from 28 CN elderly, 16 aMCI and 12 AD subjects during a face-name association task. We measured fMRS metabolite ratios over 24 months in the 8-month apart, determined the temporal changes of the metabolites, and evaluated the differences among the three groups under the three different conditions (base, novel, repeat). Results: The results of comparisons for the three subject groups and the three-time points showed that tNAA/tCho and tCr/tCho were statistically significant among the three subject groups in any of the three conditions. The dynamic temporal change measurements for the metabolites for each condition showed that Glx/tCho and Glu/tCho levels at the third visit increased significantly compared with in the first visit in the novel condition in the AD group. Conclusion: We found declines in tNAA/tCho and tCr/tCho in the aMCI and AD subjects with increasing disease severity, being highest in CN and lowest in AD. The Glx/tCho level increased temporally in the AD subjects after they took an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor. Therefore, Glx may be suitable to demonstrate functional recovery after treatment.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Neurochemical Changes Estimated via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Liu ◽  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
Huawei Lin ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Neurochemical Changes

The changes of neurochemicals in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been observed via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in several studies. However, whether it exists the consistent pattern of changes of neurochemicals in the encephalic region during the progression of MCI to AD were still not clear. The study performed meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of neurochemical changes in the encephalic region in the progress of AD. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, and finally included 63 studies comprising 1,086 MCI patients, 1,256 AD patients, and 1,907 healthy controls. It showed that during the progression from MCI to AD, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) decreased continuously in the posterior cingulate (PC) (SMD: −0.42 [95% CI: −0.62 to −0.21], z = −3.89, P < 0.05), NAA/Cr (creatine) was consistently reduced in PC (SMD: −0.58 [95% CI: −0.86 to −0.30], z = −4.06, P < 0.05) and hippocampus (SMD: −0.65 [95% CI: −1.11 to −0.12], z = −2.44, P < 0.05), while myo-inositol (mI) (SMD: 0.44 [95% CI: 0.26–0.61], z = 4.97, P < 0.05) and mI/Cr (SMD: 0.43 [95% CI: 0.17–0.68], z = 3.30, P < 0.05) were raised in PC. Furthermore, these results were further verified by a sustained decrease in the NAA/mI of PC (SMD: −0.94 [95% CI: −1.24 to −0.65], z = −6.26, P < 0.05). Therefore, the levels of NAA and mI were associated with the cognitive decline and might be used as potentially biomarkers to predict the possible progression from MCI to AD.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42020200308.

Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comparison of MRI and 1H-MRS Findings Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D. Mullins ◽  
M. Lamar ◽  
E. Daly ◽  
A. Simmons ◽  
K. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pulse Sequence ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Neuronal Density

Aim:To compare Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) between people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Background review:AD is characterised by cognitive impairment. 10-15% of people with MCI progress to dementia each year. The hippocampus is involved in memory functioning and is one of the brain regions first affected by AD. MRI based hippocampal volumetric measurement enables accurate quantification of atrophy. In addition, 1H-MRS can be used to measure concentrations of brain metabolites including myoinositol (mI) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA). NAA is a proxy measure of neuronal density.Method:Subjects with AD (n=46), MCI (n=28) and controls (n=39) were scanned using a 1.5 Tesla MR system. Manual tracing of hippocampal volumes was undertaken using Measure software. 1H-MRS voxels of interest were defined in the left and right hippocampi. A point-resolved spectroscopy pulse sequence produced spectra from each voxel and clearly resolved NAA and mI peaks. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS15.Results:Hippocampal volumes were significantly reduced between AD and controls (p=0.003) and between AD and MCI (p=0.001). Compared to controls, individuals with AD and MCI had a significant reduction in [NAA]. MCI showed a non-significant increase in [mI]. A positive relationship was found between hippocampal volume and [NAA] and between hippocampal volume and [mI] for MCI.Conclusions:AD is associated with decreased viable neuronal density/function (as measured by NAA) and a reduction in hippocampal volume associated with impaired cognitive functioning. The elevated [mI] in MCI may be a “tipping point” into dementia.

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