Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Legacy of the Cholinergic Hypothesis, Neuroplasticity, and Future Directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wesson Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cholinergic Hypothesis

scholarly journals Mediterranean and MIND Diets Containing Olive Biophenols Reduces the Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Haris Omar
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Mind Diet

The risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases with nonmodifiable conditions including age and lack of effective efficacious pharmacotherapy. During the past decades, the non-pharmacotherapy mode of treatment of dietary modification received extensive attention in AD research. In order to reduce the AD pathology and cognitive decline, various dietary patterns have been attempted including caloric restriction (CR), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), ketogenic diets (KD), Mediterranean diet (MedDi) and Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) diet. Higher adherence to the MedDi diet was associated with decreases in cardiovascular and neurological disorders including AD and related cognitive decline. However, another emerging healthy dietary pattern MIND diet has also been associated with slower rates of cognitive decline and significant reduction of AD rate. Olive serves as one of the building block components of MedDi and MIND diets and the exerted potential health beneficial might be suggested due to the presence of its bioactive constituents such as oleic acids and phenolic compounds (biophenols). A few trials using medical food showed an optimal result in presymptomatic or early stages of AD. The review supports the notion that MedDi and MIND diets display potential for maintaining the cognitive function as nonpharmacological agents against AD pathology and proposed preventative mechanism through the presence of olive biophenols and presents the gaps along with the future directions.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Etnier
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Additional Funding ◽  
Promising Area

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic illness characterized by clinical cognitive impairment. A behavioral strategy that is being explored in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease is physical activity. Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effects of physical activity for cognitively normal older adults supports that physical activity benefits cognitive performance. Evidence from prospective studies supports a protective effect of physical activity with reductions in the risk of cognitive decline ranging from 28% to 45%. RCTs with cognitively impaired older adults also generally support positive effects with greater benefits evident for aerobic interventions. Research examining the potential moderating role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) has yielded mixed results, but the majority of the studies support that physical activity most benefits those who are at greatest genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease. Future directions for research are considered with an emphasis on the need for additional funding to support this promising area of research.

scholarly journals Personality and Incident Alzheimer’s Disease: Theory, Evidence, and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne C Segerstrom
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Noninvasive Assessment

Abstract Personality, especially the dimensions of neuroticism and conscientiousness, has prospectively predicted the risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Such a relationship could be explained by personality and AD risk having a common cause such as a gene; by personality creating a predisposition for AD through health behavior or inflammation; by personality exerting a pathoplastic effect on the cognitive consequences of neuropathology; or by AD and personality change existing on a disease spectrum that begins up to decades before diagnosis. Using the 5-dimensional taxonomy of personality, the present review describes how these models might arise, the evidence for each, and how they might be distinguished from one another empirically. At present, the evidence is sparse but tends to suggest predisposition and/or pathoplastic relationships. Future studies using noninvasive assessment of neuropathology are needed to distinguish these 2 possibilities.

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