Validation and Clinical Utility of ELISA Methods for Quantification of Amyloid-β Peptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens from Alzheimer's Disease Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Richard Lachno ◽  
Barbara A. Evert ◽  
Kaia Maloney ◽  
Brian A. Willis ◽  
Jayne A. Talbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Amyloid Β

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Donovan A. McGrowder ◽  
Fabian Miller ◽  
Kurt Vaz ◽  
Chukwuemeka Nwokocha ◽  
Cameil Wilson-Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
New Biomarkers

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, clinically heterogeneous, and particularly complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decline in cognition. Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. This review presents current evidence from many clinical neurochemical studies, with findings that attest to the efficacy of existing core CSF biomarkers such as total tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid-β (Aβ42), which diagnose Alzheimer’s disease in the early and dementia stages of the disorder. The heterogeneity of the pathophysiology of the late-onset disease warrants the growth of the Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarker toolbox; more biomarkers showing other aspects of the disease mechanism are needed. This review focuses on new biomarkers that track Alzheimer’s disease pathology, such as those that assess neuronal injury (VILIP-1 and neurofilament light), neuroinflammation (sTREM2, YKL-40, osteopontin, GFAP, progranulin, and MCP-1), synaptic dysfunction (SNAP-25 and GAP-43), vascular dysregulation (hFABP), as well as CSF α-synuclein levels and TDP-43 pathology. Some of these biomarkers are promising candidates as they are specific and predict future rates of cognitive decline. Findings from the combinations of subclasses of new Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers that improve their diagnostic efficacy in detecting associated pathological changes are also presented.

The Trajectory of Cerebrospinal Fluid Growth-Associated Protein 43 in the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Diyang Lyu ◽  
Jianping Jia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Synaptic Degeneration ◽  
Over Time

Background: Synaptic degeneration has been suggested as an early pathological event that strongly correlates with severity of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, changes in longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) as a synaptic biomarker in the AD continuum remain unclear. Objective: To assess the trajectory of CSF GAP-43 with AD progression and its association with other AD hallmarks. Methods: CSF GAP-43 was analyzed in 788 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), including 246 cognitively normal (CN) individuals, 415 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 127 with AD dementia based on cognitive assessments. The associations between a multimodal classification scheme with amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and neurodegeneration, and changes in CSF GAP-43 over time were also analyzed. Results: CSF GAP-43 levels were increased at baseline in MCI and dementia patients, and increased significantly over time in the preclinical (Aβ-positive CN), prodromal (Aβ-positive MCI), and dementia (Aβ-positive dementia) stages of AD. Higher levels of CSF GAP-43 were also associated with higher CSF phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and total tau (t-tau), cerebral amyloid deposition and hypometabolism on positron emission tomography, the hippocampus and middle temporal atrophy, and cognitive performance deterioration at baseline and follow-up. Furthermore, CSF GAP-43 may assist in effectively predicting the probability of dementia onset at 2- or 4-year follow-up. Conclusion: CSF GAP-43 can be used as a potential biomarker associated with synaptic degeneration in subjects with AD; it may also be useful for tracking the disease progression and for monitoring the effects of clinical trials.

Cerebrospinal Fluid from Alzheimer's Disease Patients Promotes Amyloid β-Protein Oligomerization

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuhei Ikeda ◽  
Kenjiro Ono ◽  
David Elashoff ◽  
Margaret M. Condron ◽  
Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Protein Oligomerization ◽  
Amyloid Β Protein ◽  
Β Protein

scholarly journals PLASMA BIOMARKER FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: ARE WE READY NOW FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE AND DRUG TRIALS?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
A. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Detailed Kinetics

To facilitate disease-modifying clinical trials for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a blood-based amyloid-β (Aβ) biomarker, which can accurately detect an early pathological signature of AD at prodromal or preclinical stages, has been strongly desired, because it is simpler, less invasive and less costly compared to PET or lumbar puncture. Despite plasma Aβ biomarkers having been extensively investigated, most studies failed to demonstrate clinical utility (1, 2), and at the end of 2016, there was a rather pessimistic mood that this objective might be impossible to realize (3). However, since the latter half of 2017, the situation appears to have changed dramatically, in that several groups have reported potential clinical utility of plasma Aβ biomarkers using different methodologies (4-7). Especially, immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) assays have shown promising converging evidence. In 2014, we, the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG) and Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory at Shimadzu Corporation (Shimadzu), reported that the plasma ratio of Aβ1-42 to a novel APP669-711 fragment (APP669–711/Aβ 1–42) as determined by IP-MS could discriminate high Aβ (Aβ+) individuals from low Aβ (Aβ-) individuals (classified using PiB-PET) with more than 90% accuracy (n=62) (8). In 2017, the Washington University group analyzed detailed kinetics of plasma Aβs, and reported that Aβ42/Aβ40 as measured by IP-MS could distinguish Aβ+ and Aβ- individuals with 88.7% areas under the curve value (n=41) (5). Then very recently, we, in collaboration with the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Study of Aging (AIBL), have demonstrated that plasma biomarkers, APP669-711/Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42, and their composites (composite biomarker), as generated by improved IP-MS methodology performs very well in larger independent datasets: a discovery dataset (NCGG, n=121) and a validation dataset (AIBL, n=252 which includes n=111 PiB-PET and 141 with other ligands) both of which included individuals with normal cognition, MCI and AD. Particularly, the composite biomarker showed very high AUCs in both datasets (discovery 96.7%, n=121, and validation 94.1%, n=111) with accuracy c.a. 90% when using PiB-PET as standard of truth. The findings of the study were considered to be robust, reproducible and reliable because biomarker performance was validated in a blinded manner using independent data sets (Japan and Australia) and involved an established large-scale multicenter cohort (AIBL).

Interactions between Amyloid-β and Tau in Cerebrospinal Fluid of People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (s3) ◽  
pp. S91-S98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdena Kristofikova ◽  
Jan Ricny ◽  
Michaela Kolarova ◽  
Martin Vyhnalek ◽  
Jakub Hort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amyloid Β

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau217 performs better than p-tau181 as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shorena Janelidze ◽  
Erik Stomrud ◽  
Ruben Smith ◽  
Sebastian Palmqvist ◽  
Niklas Mattsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Pet Tracer ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Better Than

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau181 (tau phosphorylated at threonine 181) is an established biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), reflecting abnormal tau metabolism in the brain. Here we investigate the performance of CSF p-tau217 as a biomarker of AD in comparison to p-tau181. In the Swedish BioFINDER cohort (n = 194), p-tau217 shows stronger correlations with the tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]flortaucipir, and more accurately identifies individuals with abnormally increased [18F]flortaucipir retention. Furthermore, longitudinal increases in p-tau217 are higher compared to p-tau181 and better correlate with [18F]flortaucipir uptake. P-tau217 correlates better than p-tau181 with CSF and PET measures of neocortical amyloid-β burden and more accurately distinguishes AD dementia from non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. Higher correlations between p-tau217 and [18F]flortaucipir are corroborated in an independent EXPEDITION3 trial cohort (n = 32). The main results are validated using a different p-tau217 immunoassay. These findings suggest that p-tau217 might be more useful than p-tau181 in the diagnostic work up of AD.

scholarly journals Increased soluble TREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with reduced cognitive and clinical decline in Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (507) ◽  
pp. eaav6221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ewers ◽  
Nicolai Franzmeier ◽  
Marc Suárez-Calvet ◽  
Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez ◽  
Miguel Angel Araque Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Soluble Trem2

Loss of function of TREM2, a key receptor selectively expressed by microglia in the brain, contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We therefore examined whether soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were associated with reduced rates of cognitive decline and clinical progression in subjects with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We measured sTREM2 in CSF samples from 385 elderly subjects, including cognitively normal controls, individuals with MCI, and subjects with AD dementia (follow-up period: mean, 4 years; range 1.5 to 11.5 years). In subjects with AD defined by evidence of CSF Aβ1–42 (amyloid β-peptide 1 to 42; A+) and CSF p-tau181 (tau phosphorylated on amino acid residue 181; T+), higher sTREM2 concentrations in CSF at baseline were associated with attenuated decline in memory and cognition. When analyzed in clinical subgroups, an association between higher CSF sTREM2 concentrations and subsequent reduced memory decline was consistently observed in individuals with MCI or AD dementia, who were positive for CSF Aβ1–42 and CSF p-tau181 (A+T+). Regarding clinical progression, a higher ratio of CSF sTREM2 to CSF p-tau181 concentrations predicted slower conversion from cognitively normal to symptomatic stages or from MCI to AD dementia in the subjects who were positive for CSF Aβ1–42 and CSF p-tau181. These results suggest that sTREM2 is associated with attenuated cognitive and clinical decline, a finding with important implications for future clinical trials targeting the innate immune response in AD.

scholarly journals Evaluating Amyloid-β Oligomers in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e66381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Hölttä ◽  
Oskar Hansson ◽  
Ulf Andreasson ◽  
Joakim Hertze ◽  
Lennart Minthon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β

scholarly journals Independent information from cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β and florbetapir imaging in Alzheimer's disease

Brain ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 772-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Mattsson ◽  
Philip S. Insel ◽  
Michael Donohue ◽  
Susan Landau ◽  
William J. Jagust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Independent Information
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document