Risk Factors and Screening Methods for Detecting Dementia: A Narrative Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (s4) ◽  
pp. S329-S338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blossom C.M. Stephan ◽  
Carol Brayne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Screening Methods

Prevention of Preterm Birth

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Ivan D. Ivanov ◽  
Stefan A. Buzalov ◽  
Nadezhda H. Hinkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Neonatal Deaths

Summary Preterm birth (PTB) is a worldwide problem with great social significance because it is a leading cause of perinatal complications and perinatal mortality. PTB is responsible for more than a half of neonatal deaths. The rate of preterm delivery varies between 5-18% worldwide and has not decreased in recent years, regardless of the development of medical science. One of the leading causes for that is the failure to identify the high-risk group in prenatal care. PTB is a heterogeneous syndrome in which many different factors interfere at different levels of the pathogenesis of the initiation of delivery, finally resulting in delivery before 37 weeks of gestation (wg). The various specificities of risk factors and the unclear mechanism of initiation of labour make it difficult to elaborate standard, unified and effective screening to diagnose pregnant women at high-risk for PTB correctly. Furthermore, they make primary and secondary prophylaxis less effective and render diagnostic and therapeutic measures ineffective and inappropriate. Reliable and accessible screening methods are necessary for antenatal care, and risk factors for PTB should be studied and clarified in search of useful tools to solve issues of risk pregnancies to decrease PTB rates and associated complications.

scholarly journals A study to assess prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors among adult residents of rural Khammam

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nithesh Kumar ◽  
Sushma Katkuri ◽  
I. Ramyacharitha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic, debilitating disease characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. It represents more than 90% of total prevalence of diabetes in the world and is responsible for 9% of the global mortality corresponding to four million deaths per year. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus type-2 in a rural population of age 30 years and above.Methods: A community based cross sectional study carried out in population 30 years and above in rural area of Khammam district in Telangana during the study period from 1st January to 31st December 2015. A total of 910 persons aged 30 years or more were included in study.Results: Near about 74 (8.1%) were diagnosed as type -2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of DM was 16.22% in 30-40 years age group, 24.32% in 41-50 years age group, 43.34% in 51-60 years age group and 16.2% in 61-70 years age group which shows that DM increases with age and the association between age and prevalence of type 2 DM was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: There is a need to increase awareness of type–2 diabetes mellitus in the general population. Health education should be given in terms of risk factors of diabetes. They should be made aware about early screening methods. 

Functional (psychogenic non-epileptic/dissociative) seizures: why and how?

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2021-326708
Author(s):  
Deniz Ertan ◽  
Selma Aybek ◽  
W Curt LaFrance, Jr. ◽  
Kousuke Kanemoto ◽  
Alexis Tarrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dissociative Seizures ◽  
Cognitive Risk Factors

Functional seizures (FS) known also as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures or dissociative seizures, present with ictal semiological manifestations, along with various comorbid neurological and psychological disorders. Terminology inconsistencies and discrepancies in nomenclatures of FS may reflect limitations in understanding the neuropsychiatric intricacies of this disorder. Psychological and neurobiological processes of FS are incompletely understood. Nevertheless, important advances have been made on underlying neuropsychopathophysiological mechanisms of FS. These advances provide valuable information about the underlying mechanisms of mind–body interactions. From this perspective, this narrative review summarises recent studies about aetiopathogenesis of FS at two levels: possible risk factors (why) and different aetiopathogenic models of FS (how). We divided possible risk factors for FS into three categories, namely neurobiological, psychological and cognitive risk factors. We also presented different models of FS based on psychological and neuroanatomical understanding, multilevel models and integrative understanding of FS. This work should help professionals to better understand current views on the multifactorial mechanisms involved in the development of FS. Shedding light on the different FS profiles in terms of aetiopathogenesis will help guide how best to direct therapy, based on these different underlying mechanisms.

A narrative review of the risk factors and psychological consequences of injury in horseracing stable staff

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
E. Davies ◽  
W. McConn-Palfreyman ◽  
J.M. Williams ◽  
G.P. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Risk Of Injury

Horseracing stable staff have a multifaceted role, acting as care givers, skilled athletes and equine experts, resulting in inherent high emotional, physical and mental demands. Despite these demands, and reports of significant injury risk to those working in racing at ground level, there has been no research investigating the psychological risk factors for injury in UK racing stable staff and how psychological responses to injury may affect long term mental health and wellbeing. With mental health at the forefront of industry consideration, this narrative review aimed to reflect on the current literature to propose occupational, life and social stressors that may be increasing the risk of injury in racing staff. In addition, this review aims to apply current injury theory to propose whether stable staff are at heightened risk of injury mismanagement. A literature search was undertaken to investigate the psychological aspects of injury, using five search engines and the following key words: injury, psychological responses, occupational, sport and/or athlete, equestrian, horseracing, jockey, risk of injury, rehabilitation, and injury minimisalisation. Articles were selected based on relevance to review aims, and research findings were synthesised under two primary areas: predictors of injury (working hours, job security, job control, life stressors, mental health and drug misuse) and responses to injury (positive and negative responses to injury, the role of social support, rehabilitation adherence, and injury minimalisation). Whilst there are limitations to narrative reviews, this study provides a novel interpretation of injury risk and responses specific to staff working in horseracing, where injury-related challenges are currently a key focus for sector employees, managerial staff and racing organisations. Recommendations for further research have been made to direct the advancement of knowledge in the field.

Pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance (PAB) as a prognostic index in assessing the cardiovascular risk factors: A narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 100272
Author(s):  
Hamideh Ghazizadeh ◽  
Maryam Saberi-Karimian ◽  
Maliheh Aghasizadeh ◽  
Reza Sahebi ◽  
Hamed Ghazavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Narrative Review

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Diagnostic Methods in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Faten A. S. Alsulaimany ◽  
Zuhier A. Awan ◽  
Ahmad M. Almohamady ◽  
Mohammed I. Koumu ◽  
Bassam E. Yaghmoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
H Pylori

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common worldwide and may cause gastroduodenal complications, including cancer. In this review, we examine the prevalence and distribution of various H. pylori genotypes and the risk factors for H. pylori infection, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We also introduce different global screening methods and guidelines and compare them to those currently in use in the MENA region. Materials and Methods: We searched the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Saudi Digital Library (SDL) databases for clinical trials and articles published in English. The data collection was mainly focused on MENA countries. However, for H. pylori genotypes and diagnostic methods, studies conducted in other regions or reporting global practices and guidelines were also included to allow a comparison with those in the MENA region. We also included studies examining the prevalence of H. pylori infection in healthy participants. Results: H. pylori infection is highly prevalent in the MENA region, mainly because of the accumulation of risk factors in developing countries. Herein, we highlight a lack of good quality studies on the prevalence of various H. pylori genotypes in the MENA region as well as a need for standard diagnostic methods and screening guidelines. Due to the complications associated with H. pylori, we recommend routine screening for H. pylori infection in all gastroenterology patients admitted in the MENA region. Conclusion: Concerted effort will first be required to validate affordable, non-invasive, and accurate diagnostic methods and to establish local guidelines with adapted cut-off values for the interpretation of the test results.

scholarly journals The effects and associations of whole-apple intake on diverse cardiovascular risk factors. A narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (22) ◽  
pp. 3862-3875
Author(s):  
Berner Andrée Sandoval-Ramírez ◽  
Úrsula Catalán ◽  
Lorena Calderón-Pérez ◽  
Judit Companys ◽  
Laura Pla-Pagà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Narrative Review
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