The effect of ankle flexibility on the relationship between knee isokinetic strength and the speed of underwater dolphin kicks in male competitive swimmers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yupeng Shen ◽  
Yanqing Fu ◽  
Yu Ge ◽  
Yuhong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
Ankle Flexibility ◽  
Ankle Plantar Flexion

BACKGROUND: Lower-extremity muscle strength and ankle flexibility play key roles in underwater swimming movements. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between knee isokinetic strength and the speed of underwater dolphin kicks (UDK-S) in competitive male swimmers and identify whether ankle flexibility affects the association between knee isokinetic strength and UDK-S. METHODS: Fifty-two highly trained male swimmers participated in this study. The speed at which the participants travelled 15 m performing UDKs was calculated as UDK-S. Knee flexor and extensor concentric isokinetic strength at fast (240∘/s) and slow (60∘/s) velocities and ankle flexibility were evaluated. Bayesian framework analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between these variables and determine whether this relationship is influenced by ankle flexibility. RESULTS: There was strong-to-extremely strong evidence (Bayes factor = 24.4 to 198.3) that knee extensor (60∘/s) and knee flexor (60∘/s and 240∘/s) strength are positively and generally moderately correlated with UDK-S. Ankle plantar flexion flexibility was identified to be a moderator between knee extensor strength (60∘/s) and UDK-S. CONCLUSIONS: Knee extensor and knee flexor strength were significantly correlated with UDK-S, and the relationship between knee muscle strength and UDK-S was influenced by ankle plantar flexion flexibility in male competitive swimmers.

scholarly journals Standard Value of Lower Extremity Muscle Strength of 8 Years Old Children and Its Correlation with Body Weight and Height

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Sarifitri FH Hutagalung ◽  
Ferial Hadipoetro Idris, ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Left Ankle ◽  
Hip Flexor

Objectives: to know the standard value of lower extremity muscle strength of eight year old children and furthermore to explore the correlation of the muscle strength and body height and weight.Methods: The study design is cross sectional. The target is eight year old children in public elementary school in Jakarta Pusat. The subjects’ characteristics are normal nutritional state, and no neurological normusculoskeletal disorders. Sampling was done by cluster randomization to determine the location and simple randomization on site to determine subjects. There were 171 boys and 180 girls in this tudy. Independentvariables are age, sex, body weight, body height and nutritional state that was determine with Z-score of body mass index. Dependent variables are lower extremity muscle strength that classify as torque. This study usedhand-held dynamometer for muscle strength measurement. Statistical analysis was done with descriptive statistic and Pearson and Spearman correlation test.Results: Standard values of eight year old boy’s lower extremity muscle strength are: right hip flexor 21.86 Nm (SD 3.40), left hip flexor 19.64 Nm (SD 3.19), right hip extensor 17.05 Nm (SD 3.66), left hip extensor16.08 Nm (SD 3.56), right knee extensor 18.19 Nm (SD 3.60), left knee extensor 16.09 Nm (SD 3.55), right knee flexor 15.18 Nm (SD 4.23), left knee flexor 14.48 Nm (SD 3.97), right ankle dorsiflexor 6.58 Nm (SD1.53), left ankle dorsiflexor 6.05 Nm (SD 1.42), right ankle plantarflexor 10.08 Nm (SD 1.69), left ankle plantar flexor 9.13 Nm (SD 1.90).Standard values of eight year old girl’s lower extremity muscle strength are: right hip flexor 21.60 Nm (SD 3.62), left hip flexor 19.62 Nm (SD 3.37), right hip extensor 16.66 Nm (SD 4.06), left hip extensor 15.81 Nm(SD 3.94), right knee extensor 17.43 Nm (SD 3.79), left knee extensor 15.20 Nm (SD 3.38), right knee flexor 14.61 Nm (SD 4.28), left knee flexor 13.51 Nm (SD 4.00), right ankle dorsiflexor 6.34 Nm (SD 1.45), leftankle dorsiflexor 5.97 Nm (SD 1.52), right ankle plantarflexor 9.55 Nm (SD 1.98), left ankle plantar flexor 8.69 Nm (SD 1.83). The boy’s lower extremity muscle strength are stronger than the girl’s in left knee extensor,left knee flexor, right ankle plantarflexor and left ankle plantarflexor. The boy’s muscle strength are moderately correlated to body height except for right hip extensor, left hip extensor and right ankle dorsiflexorthat weakly correlated. The boy’s muscle strength are moderately correlated to body weight except for left hip extensor that weakly correlated. The girl’s muscle strength are moderately correlated to body height. Thegirl’s muscle strength are moderately correlated to body weight except for left hip flexor and left hip extensor that weakly correlated.Conclusions: The muscle strength pattern of boys and girls is similar; the strongest are right hip flexor and the weakest are left ankle dorsiflexor.Keywords: Muscle strength, standard values of eight year old children, torque, hand-held dynamometer

Isokinetic Strength After ACL Reconstruction: Influence of Concomitant Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110054
Author(s):  
Benoit Gillet ◽  
Yoann Blache ◽  
Isabelle Rogowski ◽  
Grégory Vigne ◽  
Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Anterolateral Ligament ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Strength Recovery ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
Knee Muscle Strength

Background: To reduce the rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft rupture, recent surgeries have involved anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR). This reconstruction procedure harvests more knee flexor muscle tendons than isolated ACL reconstruction (ACLR), but its influence on knee muscle strength recovery remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of ALLR with a gracilis graft on the strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles at 6 months postoperatively. Hypothesis: The additional amount of knee flexor harvest for ALLR would result in impairment in knee flexor muscle strength at 6 months postoperatively. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 186 patients were assigned to 2 groups according to the type of surgery: ACL + ALLR (graft: semitendinosus + gracilis, n = 119) or isolated ACLR (graft: semitendinosus, n = 67). The strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at 90, 180, and 240 deg/s for concentric and 30 deg/s for eccentric contractions and compared between groups using analysis of variance statistical parametric mapping. Results: Regardless of the surgery and the muscle, the injured leg produced significantly less strength than the uninjured leg throughout knee flexion and extension from 30° to 90° for each angular velocity (30, 90, 180, and 240 deg/s). However, the knee muscle strength was similar between the ACL + ALLR and ACLR groups. Conclusion: The addition of ALLR using the gracilis tendon during ACLR does not alter the muscle recovery observed at 6 months postoperatively. Clinical Relevance: Although more knee flexor muscle tendons were harvested in ACL + ALLR, the postoperative strength recovery was similar to that of isolated ACLR.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Knee Flexor-Extensor Muscle Strength and Balance Ability in Elite Gymnasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Aydin Balci ◽  
◽  
Tugba Kocahan ◽  
Bihter Akinoglu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Leg Strength in Older Adults with Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Akira Saito ◽  
Koji Hiraki ◽  
Yuhei Otobe ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa ◽  
Tsutomu Sakurada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Active Vitamin D ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength

Active vitamin D (calcitriol, or 1.25 (OH) 2 D) is associated with muscle weakness, falls, and fracture in community-dwelling older people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between a serum active vitamin D level and lower extremity muscle strength in elderly patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study included 231 patients with CKD treated conservatively as outpatients. We analyzed patient background factors, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, calcium, albumin, serum calcitriol level as an indicator of active vitamin D, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) collected from medical records. As an index of lower extremity muscle strength, the isometric knee extension muscle strength-to-weight ratio (kgf/kg) was calculated. The mean patient age was 75.9 ± 6.1 years (68.8% male), and the BMI was 24.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2. A significant correlation was observed between knee extensor muscle strength and serum calcitriol level (r = 0.32, p < 0.01), age (r = –0.30, p < 0.01), BMI (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), intact PTH (r = −0.22, p < 0.01), phosphorus (r = −0.29, p < 0.01), albumin (r = −0.28, p < 0.01), and eGFR (r = 0.25, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed calcitriol to be significantly associated with knee extensor muscle strength (β: 0.14, 95% confidence interval: 0–0.002, p = 0.04) after adjustment for covariates. These results suggest that the serum active vitamin D level is associated with lower extremity muscle strength in older adults with pre-dialysis CKD. It is necessary to verify whether vitamin D supplementation increases lower extremity muscle strength in pre-dialysis CKD patients.

An evaluation of the lower extremity muscle strength of patients with chronic venous insufficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Cetin ◽  
Mustafa O Serbest ◽  
Sabriye Ercan ◽  
Turhan Yavuz ◽  
Ali Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective In this study, the aim was to evaluate the lower extremity muscle strength in patients with chronic venous insufficiency using an isokinetic dynamometer. Methods The study comprised a group of 36 lower extremities of 23 patients diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency and a control group of 40 lower extremities of 20 patients who did not have chronic venous insufficiency. In the diagnosis and evaluation of chronic venous insufficiency, photoplethysmography was used to evaluate the venous return circulation time. Visual Analog Scale scoring was applied to define the level of pain of the patients. Muscle strength measurements were made in all the lower extremities by using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results A statistically significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of the muscle strength parameters in the ankle plantar flexion, and knee flexor and extensor muscles. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the ankle dorsiflexion muscle strength parameters. A significant difference was determined in the ratio of ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion muscle strength between the mild, moderate and severe venous insufficiency groups. A statistically considerable negative correlation was found between the Visual Analog Scale scores and the photoplethysmography results. According to the Visual Analog Scale results, as the degree of venous insufficiency increased, so did the level of pain. Conclusion Impaired lower extremity muscle strength was observed in chronic venous insufficiency patients. Although the current study was consistent with literature in respect of impaired calf muscle strength, this finding was also seen in the thigh muscles. Furthermore, we concluded that if venous insufficiency becomes more severe, impaired calf muscle strength becomes more evident.

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