Sociomorphing, Not Anthropomorphizing: Towards a Typology of Experienced Sociality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Seibt ◽  
Christina Vestergaard ◽  
Malene F. Damholdt
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Robotics ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Classificatory System ◽  
Descriptive Framework

Social robotics and HRI are in need of a unified and differentiated theoretical framework where, relative to interaction context, robotic properties can be related to types of human experiences and interactive dispositions. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this task by providing new descriptive tools. In social robotics and HRI it is commonly assumed that social interactions with robots are due to ‘anthropomorphizing’. We challenge this assumption and argue, on conceptual and empirical grounds, that social interactions with robots are not always the result of anthropomorphizing, i.e., the projection of imaginary or fictional human social capacities, but of sociomorphing, i.e., the perception of actual non-human social capacities. Sociomorphing can take many forms which phenomenally manifest themselves in various types of experienced sociality. We very briefly sketch core elements of the descriptive framework OASIS (the Ontology of Asymmetric Social Interactions) in order to show how one might develop a classificatory system for types of experienced sociality.

From educational work to companionship: Juxtaposing adults’ and children’s perspectives on work and play in early childhood

Childhood ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 090756822094713
Author(s):  
Barbara Turk Niskač
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Children’S Perspectives

The paper draws on ethnographic study and goes beyond dualistic understanding of work and play to investigate the complex world of social interactions among preschoolers. While adults viewed work as an educational process through which children’s personalities are shaped in a desired way, the children perceived work as a means of social interactions. Building on the theoretical framework of sociality and intersubjectivity, the paper suggests that work, play and learning can represent complementary aspects of human existence and living.

scholarly journals Promotion to Partner in Large Law Firms Operating in the United Kingdom: Tournament Theory and the Monitoring of the Implied Promise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Howell Shufflebotham
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Law Firm ◽  
Tournament Theory ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
The Uk

<p>This research is a study of the promotion to partner process in large law firms in the United Kingdom (UK). It is concerned with the application of tournament theory to such firms. In particular it is an examination of the ability of associate lawyers to monitor the implied promise that, in prescribed circumstances, they will have the opportunity of becoming a partner at their firms. In order to identify whether or not the rules of tournament theory on promotion to partnership hold true when set against the experiences of lawyers in large law firms operating in the UK, I established a theoretical framework based on a review of the relevant literature. I then tested that theoretical framework with data from two sources: case study interviews with partners at a large UK law firm; and a questionnaire distributed to a wider sample group of partners across a number of large UK law firms. The research found strong evidence to support the application of the core elements of tournament theory to large law firms in the UK. The research also found, however, that the implied promise envisaged by tournament theory was not the promise monitored by the individuals who took part in the research project.</p>

TUTELAGE AND COLLABORATION FOR HUMANOID ROBOTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 315-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
CYNTHIA BREAZEAL ◽  
ANDREW BROOKS ◽  
JESSE GRAY ◽  
GUY HOFFMAN ◽  
CORY KIDD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Joint Intention

This paper presents an overview of our work towards building socially intelligent, cooperative humanoid robots that can work and learn in partnership with people. People understand each other in social terms, allowing them to engage others in a variety of complex social interactions including communication, social learning, and cooperation. We present our theoretical framework that is a novel combination of Joint Intention Theory and Situated Learning Theory and demonstrate how this framework can be applied to develop our sociable humanoid robot, Leonardo. We demonstrate the robot's ability to learn quickly and effectively from natural human instruction using gesture and dialog, and then cooperate to perform a learned task jointly with a person. Such issues must be addressed to enable many new and exciting applications for robots that require them to play a long-term role in people's daily lives.

The Meaningful City

2019 ◽  
pp. 465-486
Author(s):  
Ruth Yeoman
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
The Common ◽  
The City

This chapter applies the value of meaningfulness to a philosophy of the city. It argues that philosophies of the city can supply smart and sustainable city initiatives with human values and attention to the common good which they currently lack. By bringing the value of meaningfulness into a description of city-making, the chapter shows how city people have responsibilities to make the city when the activities of social cooperation associated with discharging such responsibilities are constituted by freedom, autonomy, and dignity, and when the social interactions of meaning-making are just. The features of an ethico-normative architecture which is capable of promoting city-level meaningfulness are specified. These include three core elements: public meaningfulness; the society of meaning-makers; and agonistic republicanism. City-making organized to manifest these features will generate a rich diversity of meaning sources on which city people can draw to craft meaningfulness in life and in work.

scholarly journals Promotion to Partner in Large Law Firms Operating in the United Kingdom: Tournament Theory and the Monitoring of the Implied Promise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Howell Shufflebotham
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Law Firm ◽  
Tournament Theory ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
The Uk

<p>This research is a study of the promotion to partner process in large law firms in the United Kingdom (UK). It is concerned with the application of tournament theory to such firms. In particular it is an examination of the ability of associate lawyers to monitor the implied promise that, in prescribed circumstances, they will have the opportunity of becoming a partner at their firms. In order to identify whether or not the rules of tournament theory on promotion to partnership hold true when set against the experiences of lawyers in large law firms operating in the UK, I established a theoretical framework based on a review of the relevant literature. I then tested that theoretical framework with data from two sources: case study interviews with partners at a large UK law firm; and a questionnaire distributed to a wider sample group of partners across a number of large UK law firms. The research found strong evidence to support the application of the core elements of tournament theory to large law firms in the UK. The research also found, however, that the implied promise envisaged by tournament theory was not the promise monitored by the individuals who took part in the research project.</p>

scholarly journals Clinical and self‐reported measurements to be included in the core elements of the World Dental Federation's theoretical framework of oral health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Ahonen ◽  
Christine Kvarnvik ◽  
Ola Norderyd ◽  
Anders Broström ◽  
Eleonor I. Fransson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Elements

scholarly journals What makes a robot ‘social’?

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya A Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Social Robotics ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Rhetorical moves that construct humanoid robots as social agents disclose tensions at the intersection of science and technology studies (STS) and social robotics. The discourse of robotics often constructs robots that are like us (and therefore unlike dumb artefacts). In the discourse of STS, descriptions of how people assimilate robots into their activities are presented directly or indirectly against the backdrop of actor-network theory, which prompts attributing agency to mundane artefacts. In contradistinction to both social robotics and STS, it is suggested here that to view a capacity to partake in dialogical action (to have a ‘voice’) is necessary for regarding an artefact as authentically social. The theme is explored partly through a critical reinterpretation of an episode that Morana Alač reported and analysed towards demonstrating her bodies-in-interaction concept. This paper turns to ‘body’ with particular reference to Gibsonian affordances theory so as to identify the level of analysis at which dialogicality enters social interactions.

scholarly journals Social robotics to help children with autism in their interactions through imitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Pennazio
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Social Robotics ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
Rehabilitative Intervention ◽  
Robotic Platforms

Abstract This article aims to reflect on the main variables that make social robotics efficient in an educational and rehabilitative intervention. Social robotics is based on imitation, and the study is designed for children affected by profound autism, aiming for the development of their social interactions. Existing research, at the national and international levels, shows how children with autism can interact more easily with a robotic companion rather than a human peer, considering its less complex and more predictable actions. This contribution also highlights how using robotic platforms helps in teaching children with autism basic social abilities, imitation, communication and interaction; this encourages them to transfer the learned abilities to human interactions with both adults and peers, through human–robot imitative modelling. The results of a pilot study conducted in a kindergarten school in the Liguria region are presented. The study included applying a robotic system, at first in a dyadic child–robot relation, then in a triadic one that also included another child, with the aim of eliciting social and imitative abilities in a child with profound autism.

scholarly journals Potent but precarious: When, how, and why national identities have strong impact on attitude formation in response to events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Sociology Of Emotions ◽  
Affective Reaction ◽  
Core Elements

The growing interest in banal expressions of nationalism in everyday life has left the capacity of national identities to cause irregular attitudinal and behavioural reactions to changing circumstances undertheorized. To fill this gap, this article asks when, how, and why national identities have strong impact on public attitudes about events. The article introduces a theoretical framework, which integrates elements from humanistic philosophy, sociology of nationalism, political psychology, and sociology of emotions. National identity protects against existential threats but is precarious because the nation is a phantasmal object of identification whose 'existence' depends on contested narratives. Therefore, events that seem to threaten or promise to alter the perceived core elements of the nation (i.e., 'nation-disrupting events') evoke strong emotions, which motivate attitudinal shifts. Which affective reaction individuals experience depends on the meaning they attribute (spontaneously or in response to elite cues) to events vis-à-vis competing idealizations of the nation.

Are Virtual Communities True Communities? Examining the Environments and Elements of Community

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Bateman Driskell ◽  
Larry Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Internet Relationships ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Community Finding

Critiques of modern societies often cite the loss of community as a result of weak connections with local places and changing modes of social interactions. We will argue that both the loss of community and attempts to regain community can be understood as a series of debates progressing from one environment to another. Specifically, community was seen as being lost from its original environment, the local place, typically a village or a residential neighborhood. Then came the claim that community could be regained in the environment of shared space, typically voluntary associations or work groups. The most recent candidate for regaining community is the digital environment of cyberspace. Using existing research, we seek to determine if virtual communities are indeed true communities. Can the virtual community provide two of the core elements—common ties and social interaction—without identification with place? We explore each of these environments as we search for community and the qualities necessary to establish community, finding that virtual communities are spatially liberated, socially ramified, topically fused, and psychologically detached, with a limited liability. In this sense, if we understand community to include the close, emotional, holistic ties of Gemeinschaft, then the virtual community is not true community. That does not necessarily imply, however, that Internet relationships are the antithesis of true community relationships. The Internet may either reduce community, reinforce community, or provide a weak replacement.

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