scholarly journals Monitoring and Enforcement as a Second-Order Guidance Problem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sileno ◽  
Alexander Boer ◽  
Tom Van Engers
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Coordination Mechanisms ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Guidance Problem

This paper aims to set up a conceptual framework for studying the second-order guidance problem—that is, designing coordination mechanisms for autonomous actors by means of adequate monitoring and enforcement measures—in a way which is sensible for designers and users of data-sharing infrastructures such as digital market-places. The paper outlines a minimal, but reusable and extensible computational model to test the sustainability of diverse norm implementations, evaluating it against relevant higher-level models presented in the literature.

A Computational Model of the Amygdala Nuclei’s Role in Second Order Conditioning

2008 ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mannella ◽  
Stefano Zappacosta ◽  
Marco Mirolli ◽  
Gianluca Baldassarre
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Conditioning

Changing the Mindset

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Verdini Trejo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Working Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Sides

Explains how the United States and Mexico negotiators were able to shift their approaches, taking a series of steps outside the typical inter-agency and diplomatic protocols. Building Trust by Sharing Information demonstrates the innovative data sharing ways the two sides relied on to exchange sensitive information, without giving up confidential components, which in turn empowered the two countries to get their energy, technical and political experts on the same page. Analyzing Precedents to Define a Roadmap illustrates how Mexico prepared for the negotiation process by evaluating international examples of transboundary hydrocarbon reservoir agreements, which allowed them to devise a set of alternatives for consideration. Switching From an Adversarial to a Mutual Gains Approach presents the genesis of the innovative suggestion by the lead U.S. negotiator to set up binational working group sessions, discarding the typical draft-counter-draft strategy that pervades and drags down so many diplomatic negotiations.

MNCs from LDCs: The case of Indian joint ventures abroad*

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
K. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Though Indian joint ventures are of recent origin, and the initial failure rate is high, they are gradually being recognized by the Government of India and Indian businessmen as powerful instruments to secure a foothold in world markets. Many proposals, however, went abortive for lack of a long term strategic outlook on the part of either the entrepreneurs or the respective governments. In this set up, the author discusses how public policy in India and abroad seems to have provided a push to India's overseas investment efforts. But this is not enough. And Balakrishnan delineates how and what Indian investors abroad must do to succeed in their ventures. For this, viable strategies must be evolved to identify and exploit our long term opportunities. To facilitate this process, he gives a simple conceptual framework of the product market scope for Indian joint ventures abroad.

scholarly journals Cross Sector Data Sharing: Necessity, Challenge, and Hope

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (S2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cason Schmit ◽  
Kathleen Kelly ◽  
Jennifer Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Sector Data

Existing data sources have tremendous potential to inform public health activities. However, a patchwork of data protection laws impede data sharing efforts. Nevertheless, a data-sharing initiative in Peoria, IL was able to overcome challenges to set up a cross-sectoral data system to coordinate mental health, law enforcement, and healthcare services.

The water situation in Harare, Zimbabwe: a policy and management problem

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Nhapi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, is facing water quantity and quality problems, with serious pollution of the downstream Lake Chivero. Often, these problems are attributed to rapid population growth, inadequate maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, expensive technologies and a poor institutional framework. Rampant urban agriculture could also result in washing off and leaching of nutrients. This paper brings out a number of issues related to sustainable water management in Harare. The study was based on key informant interviews, focus group discussions and a literature review. The results show that monitoring and enforcement of regulations in Harare is poor because of economic hardships and lack of political will to deal with offenders. Also, there is irregular collection of garbage, low fines owing to hyper-inflation and a general failure by the city to collect water and other charges from residents. The city has also failed to raise tariffs to economic levels owing to heavy lobbying by residents and interference by government. It was concluded that Harare cannot overcome its water-related problems under the current set-up. It is recommended that a corporatised body, free from political influence and with a higher degree of autonomy, be established to run the water services for Harare and the neighbouring towns. Such a body would need a sound and flexible system for setting tariffs and enacting/enforcing reasonable regulations.

scholarly journals Toward a Model of Situations and Their Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-283
Author(s):  
Robert Aunger
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Causal Network ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Behavior Settings ◽  
Naturalistic Theory ◽  
Further Development

Developing a widely accepted theory of behavior causation has been hampered by the lack of a rigorous approach to understanding the kinds of determinants at work. Interest in behavior change is also burgeoning, and requires a profound understanding of how personal and environmental determinants interact dynamically to predict changed behavioral outcomes. Behavior settings theory, a powerful naturalistic theory with a huge empirical underpinning, has long been available for describing the recurrent, everyday behavioral episodes in which many social and psychological scientists are interested. In this article, I review settings theory and update it in the light of a number of recent contributions from various quarters. I argue that this syncretic model should be seen as defining the proximate causal network surrounding these common behavioral episodes, which I call “situations.” I further propose that “contexts” should be thought of as the more distal, second-order causes circumscribing situations. I argue that these situational and contextual “spheres” of causation are a powerful way to understand behavior determination. I conclude by introducing a quasi-computational model of situations that is worthy of the further development necessary to make psychology a predictive science of behavioral causation and change.

The Experimental Study of the Magnetic Fluid Damper Based on the Principle of Second-Order Buoyancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1459-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ding ◽  
De Cai Li ◽  
Qing Lei Wang ◽  
Hai Na Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Fluid Damper ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

Two different structure of dampers based on the principle of second-order buoyancy were designed in this paper. In order to verify the reduction of the vibration, a test rig was set up. On the test rig, the reduction effect of two different dampers was studied by adjusting the amount of the magnetic fluid. The experiment results indicate the relationship between the damping effect of magnetic fluid damper and the amount of magnetic fluid and this analysis result is benefit to the design of the dampers.

scholarly journals Did the Draupner wave occur in a crossing sea?

2011 ◽  
Vol 467 (2134) ◽  
pp. 3004-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. A. Adcock ◽  
P. H. Taylor ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
Q. W. Ma ◽  
P. A. E. M. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Flow Solver ◽  
The North ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Potential ◽  
Wind Sea ◽  
Set Up

The ‘New Year Wave’ was recorded at the Draupner platform in the North Sea and is a rare high-quality measurement of a ‘freak’ or ‘rogue’ wave. The wave has been the subject of much interest and numerous studies. Despite this, the event has still not been satisfactorily explained. One piece of information that was not directly measured at the platform, but which is vital to understanding the nonlinear dynamics is the wave's directional spreading. This paper investigates the directionality of the Draupner wave and concludes it might have resulted from two wave-groups crossing, whose mean wave directions were separated by about 90 ° or more. This result has been deduced from a set-up of the low-frequency second-order difference waves under the giant wave, which can be explained only if two wave systems are propagating at such an angle. To check whether second-order theory is satisfactory for such a highly nonlinear event, we have run numerical simulations using a fully nonlinear potential flow solver, which confirm the conclusion deduced from the second-order theory. This is backed up by a hindcast from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts that shows swell waves propagating at approximately 80 ° to the wind sea. Other evidence that supports our conclusion are the measured forces on the structure, the magnitude of the second-order sum waves and some other instances of freak waves occurring in crossing sea states.

Experimental and Computational Residual Stress Evaluation of a Weld Clad Plate and Machined Test Specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Rybicki ◽  
J. R. Shadley ◽  
A. S. Sandhu ◽  
R. B. Stonesifer
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Residual Stress Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

Residual stresses in a heat treated weld clad plate and test specimens obtained from the plate are determined using a combination of experimental residual stress analysis and a finite element computational model. The plate is 102 mm thick and made of A 533-B Class 2 steel with 308 stainless steel cladding. The plate is heated to 538 C and allowed to cool uniformly. Upon cooling, residual stresses are set up in the clad plate because of the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the plate and the cladding. Residual stress in the clad plate is determined using both a previously verified experimental residual stress analysis technique and a computational model. Removing test specimens from the clad plate can relax the stresses in the cladding. Thus, residual stress distributions were also determined for two types of clad test specimens that were removed from the plate. These test specimens were designed to examine the effect of cladding thickness on residual stresses. Good agreement was found between the experimentally obtained residual stress values and the residual stresses calculated from the computational model. Because of the interest in tests conducted at elevated temperatures and the inherent difficulty in doing experimental residual stress analysis at elevated temperatures, the computational model was applied to examine the effect of elevated temperature on the residual stresses in the test specimens. Peak stresses in the heat treated clad plate were found to approach the yield stress of the cladding material. It was also found that removing a 32 mm clad specimen with cladding on one side reduced the residual stresses in the cladding. However, the residual stresses in the cladding were found to increase when one-half of the cladding thickness was machined away to form the second test specimen geometry. Residual stresses parallel and perpendicular to the weld direction were very similar in magnitude for all cases considered. The effect that heating the test specimens to 204 C has on residual stress distributions was to reduce the residual stress in the cladding and the plate.

Consumer engagement with eWOM on social media: the role of social capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Gvili ◽  
Shalom Levy
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Order Construct ◽  
Channel Type

Purpose The nature of digital media channels are important factors in explaining consumers’ behavior over the Web, and specifically on social network sites (SNS). The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework explaining consumer engagement with electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication via SNS, based on key attributes of this media channel. Design/methodology/approach Based on the expectancy value theory (EVT), a conceptual framework is proposed to model the effect of eWOM channel attributes on eWOM engagement process. Consumer eWOM engagement is conceptualized as a second-order construct. A structural equation modeling procedure was employed to empirically test the model using data collected from two social media communication channels. Findings First, results suggest that engagement with eWOM can be conceptualized as a second-order construct based on user tendency to receive or share eWOM with other network members. Second, the path analysis model supports the employment of EVT and shows that two key attributes of eWOM channels, social capital and credibility, significantly affect consumer attitude toward eWOM via SNS. Attitude toward eWOM, in turn, affects eWOM engagement. Third, SNS channel type moderates the effect on attitude. Practical implications Marketing communication practitioners should note that the strength of social ties plays a key role in spreading eWOM on SNS effectively. This insight should be employed a part of social media marketing strategy. Originality/value This is first research that models the effect of social media attributes on eWOM engagement and demonstrates the moderating role of channel type. The model is highly valuable in light of the importance of the concept of engagement in internet research.

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