Dimensions of personhood in cultural heritage: Who (or what) gets to be called a person?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brian Dobreski ◽  
Barbara H. Kwasnik

We examine the notion of “person” in cultural heritage settings (libraries, museums, and archives) and how this notion has implications for their function and purpose. Variations in the way persons are described, represented, and discussed have taken on new significance in emerging online environments predicated on reusing and sharing data from disparate sources. We start with a representative sample of systems and tools used for organizing knowledge in tangible cultural heritage, including metadata standards, conceptual models, and web data models, and for each, analyze their formal definitions of personhood. We asked what characteristics of a person are important in each of these definitions, and what might be the reasons for any variations among them. An analysis of the definitions themselves revealed five dimensions of personhood: life, actuality, biology, agency, and individuality. Using this framework along with the general literature on personhood we then describe the possible reasons, both historical and practical, for the definitions, their dimensions, and the differences among them. Finally, we speculate on the implications of such differences for emerging information environments.

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Andrzej Zygmuniak ◽  
Violetta Sokoła-Szewioła

Abstract This study is aimed at exposing differences between two data models in case of code lists values provided there. The first of them is an obligatory one for managing Geodesic Register of Utility Networks databases in Poland [9] and the second is the model originating from the Technical Guidelines issued to the INSPIRE Directive. Since the second one mentioned is the basis for managing spatial databases among European parties, correlating these two data models has an effect in easing the way of harmonizing and, in consequence, exchanging spatial data. Therefore, the study presents the possibilities of increasing compatibility between the values of the code lists concerning attributes for objects provided in both models. In practice, it could lead to an increase of the competitiveness of entities managing or processing such databases and to greater involvement in scientific or research projects when it comes to the mining industry. Moreover, since utility networks located on mining areas are under particular protection, the ability of making them more fitted to their own needs will make it possible for mining plants to exchange spatial data in a more efficient way.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NFn Wasita, M.A.

Sebagian rangkaian aktivitas ziarah di beberapa situs arkeologi di KabupatenTapin dan Hulu Sungai Utara, Kalimantan Selatan menunjukkan adanya perilaku dan situasi di tempat ziarah yang mendukung kegiatan pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi. Oleh karena itu, peluang ini perlu dimanfaatkan agar pihak arkeologi mendapatkan cara pelestarian yang melibatkan masyarakat dan murah biayanya. Berkaitan dengan itu, maka penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menemukan cara dalam memanfaatkan perilaku dan situasi untuk pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi dengan tidak mengganggu kegiatan ziarah, namun kegiatan pelestarian yang diinginkan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara keilmuan (arkeologi). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Implementasinya di lapangan dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan tinggalan arkeologi untuk mengetahui kondisi eksistingnya dan riwayat pemugaran yang pernah dilakukan. Pendeskripsian ini untuk mengetahui hal-hal apa saja yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mendukung kegiatan pelestarian. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa di situs-situs arkeologi yang diziarahi terdapat situasi dan perilaku para peziarah yang mendukung kegiatan pelestarian, seperti harus bersikap sopan, tidak merusak barang-barang yang ada di tempat ziarah (dalam konteks ini termasuk tinggalan arkeologi) dan situasi di tempat ziarah yang sakral, serta adanya teguran dari orang yang hidup di alam sebelah jika tidak sopan atau melanggar tata cara ziarah. Jadi kesimpulannya, situasi dan perilaku tersebut perlu dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung pelestarian tinggalan arkeologi. Caranya dengan memberi dukungan, karena perilaku yang baik (tidak merusak warisan budaya) merupakan bagian dari isi undang-undang cagar budaya. Selain itu, juga menghormati situasi yang tercipta di tempat ziarah karena itu merupakan pemaknaan oleh sebagian masyarakat. Agar cara mendukung dan menghormati dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, arkeolog harus jujur dan netral dalam kegiatan pelestarian.Kata kuci: tinggalan arkeologi, ziarah, situasi, perilaku, pelestarianSome parts of pilgrimage activities at several archeological sites in Tapin and Hulu Sungai Utara Districts indicate the existence of behaviors and conditions that support the conservation of archeological remains. This opportunity needs to be utilized, therefore the archeological party can obtain conservation methods that involve the community and the cost is cheap. The research goal is to gain proper method on utilizing pilgrim behaviors and situation for preserving archeological remains without interfering the pilgrimage activities, but the desired of conservation activities can be scientifically accounted (archeology). This research was conducted by using descriptive methods. Its implementation in the field was carried out by describing the archaeological remains of the existing conditions and the history of restoration that had been carried out. The describing of the pilgrim behaviors and the place conditions of pilgrimage is to find out what things can be utilized in supporting conservation activities. The results indicate that at the visited archeological sites there are conditions and behavior of pilgrims who supported conservation activities, such as having to be polite, not damage the items that are in the place of pilgrimage (in this context including archeological remains) and the situation in the sacred place of pilgrimage, as well as the rebuke of people living in the adjoining realm if they are not polite or violate to the procedure of pilgrimage. It is concluded that the situation and behavior need to be used to support the preservation of archeological remains. The way is by giving support, because good behavior (not damaging cultural heritage) is part of the contents of the cultural heritage law. In addition, it also respects the situation created in the place of pilgrimage because it is a meaning by some people. In order to be able to support and respect ways, archaeologists must be honest and neutral in conservation activities.Keywords: archaeological remains, pilgrimage, situations, behavior, preservation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Elin Slätmo

When space is limited, there is often conflict over land use such as agriculture, nature conservation, housing, business and commercial enterprise. More knowledge is needed about the substance of such conflicts and the way the various uses are handled and spatially organised. Using empirical material collected in Hållnäs, Sweden, and Sandnes, Norway, between 2009 and 2012, this paper addresses the potential conflicts and synergies between the different uses of land, with agriculture as a reference point. In combining and comparing the results from Hållnäs and Sandnes, the way in which relations differ between them are also scrutinised. Through planning documents, interviews with officials in public authorities, active farmers, non-governmental organisations (NGO) and field visits, case-specific land uses are identified in the two areas. The conflicting and synergetic relations between agriculture and other ways the land is used are identified and illustrated by schematic models. The results indicate that agriculture is both in synergy and in conflict with other land uses. In the cases investigated in this study, the primary areas of conflict are between agriculture and biodiversity, between agriculture and cultural heritage, and between agriculture and climate-smart initiatives in terms of dense building structures.


2007 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Nadia Malinovich

This chapter explores the tension between universalism and particularism as expressed in the pre-war poetry, novels, and essays of André Spire, Edmond Fleg, Henri Franck, and Jean-Richard Bloch. It examines the question of Jewish identity in the modern world through writers that paved the way for the much more widespread phenomenon of Jewish self-questioning in the post-war years. It also looks at André Spire's ground-breaking Poèmes juifs and Quelques Juifs that offered a scathing critique of both Jewish assimilation and French antisemitism. It discusses Henri Franck's prose poem La Danse devant l'arche, which describes a young man's quest for the meaning of life and reveals a similar tension between affirming the specificity of Jewish roots and embracing a larger French cultural heritage.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Jukka Nyyssönen

How has Sámi cultural heritage been incorporated into the national histories of Finland? How have the national and academic discourses constrained and enabled ways of writing about the Sámi in this genre? A complete change from a hierarchizing and at worst racializing perspective to a more matter-of-fact approach is detectable quite late on, from the 1980s onwards. The Sámi have remained on the periphery of Finnish historiography, but they have become integrated into the national history, even though they still serve to illustrate Finnish nation-building in this genre. The amount of updated archaeological and historical knowledge has increased, but the approach still under-communicates the political agency of the Sámi. The inherent methodological and history-political conservativism stunts the way the Sámi are dealt with so that the Sámi histories remain mostly uncommunicated.


2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogerio Proença Leite

Based on research in the old Recife Quarter in the city of Recife, capital of Pernambuco state, Brazil, this study examines processes of gentrification in areas of heritage value. The article focuses on the way in which these urban policies have transformed cultural heritage into a commodity, and urban space into social relationships mediated by consumerism. I argue that heritage sites that undergo processes of gentrification create strong spatial segregation and generate an appropriation of space by the excluded population that takes the form of counter-uses, undermining the uses imagined by urban and heritage policy makers.


Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2573-2596
Author(s):  
George Raptis ◽  
Christos Sintoris ◽  
Nikolaos Avouris

Cultural heritage (CH) institutions attract wide and heterogeneous audiences, which should be efficiently supported and have access to meaningful CH content. This introduces numerous challenges when delivering such experiences, given that people have different cognitive characteristics which influence the way we process information, experience, behave, and acquire knowledge. Our recent studies provide evidence that human cognition should be considered as a personalization factor within CH contexts, and thus we developed a framework that delivers cognition-centered personalized CH activities. The efficiency and the efficacy of the framework have been successfully assessed through two user studies, but non-technical professionals (e.g., CH designers) may face difficulties when attempting to use it and create personalized CH activities. In this paper, we present DeCACHe, which supports CH designers in creating cognition-centered personalized CH activities throughout different phases of the design lifecycle. We also report a user study with seventeen professional CH designers, who used our tool to design CH activities for people with different cognitive characteristics.


2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Sonja Graimprey

The term ‘livres d’artistes’ hides from view creative artworks, whose presence in special library collections is justified by their artistic and literary value but also by their value as witness of their times. After defining the content of these collections, this article analyses the way ‘livres d’artistes’ are managed. Because they are different from all other books, they struggle to find their public. Active promotion is thus an essential step in making them properly influential.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document