Social Competencies in Childhood and Adolescence and Entrepreneurship in Young Adulthood: A Two-study Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Obschonka ◽  
Kathryn Duckworth ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen ◽  
Ingrid Schoon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Social Competencies

scholarly journals A journey towards meaning: An existential psychobiography of Maya Angelou

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Nadene Harisunker ◽  
Carol du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Existential Psychology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maya Angelou ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
American Author

This psychobiography focuses on meaning making in the early life and young adulthood of acclaimed African American author Maya Angelou (1928-2014) through the lens of Frankl’s existential psychology with a specific focus on the tri-dimensional nature of human beings and the fundamental triad. The primary data source was Angelou’s own published autobiographies, which contain an in-depth narrative of her early life and young adulthood. Data was extracted, organised and analysed according to established qualitative research methods as well as through the identification of psychological saliences. The search for meaning within Angelou’s own narrative of her life was clearly apparent in the thematic analysis. Angelou’s narrative of her journey through the physical (childhood and adolescence), psychological (travelling and searching years) and spiritual (sensemaking years) dimensions was core to her meaning making. The three tiers of the fundamental triad (awareness of meaning, will to meaning, freedom of will) were present in various aspects of Angelou’s existential journey, manifesting as a focus on choice, responsibility, purpose, and acceptance. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of meaning making processes in the lives of extraordinary individuals, as well as contributing to the development of the research method of psychobiography, with a specific focus on meaning making.

scholarly journals Bone Health and Its Relationship with Impact Loading and the Continuity of Physical Activity throughout School Periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gotzone Hervás ◽  
Fatima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Jon Irazusta ◽  
Amaia Irazusta ◽  
Begoña Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Bone is influenced by physical activity (PA) throughout life, but childhood and adolescence provide a key opportunity to maximize peak bone mass. Thus, it is important to identify the relationship between PA practiced in childhood and young adulthood to design a promotion plan for bone health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between different impact-loading PAs (and their continuity throughout school periods from childhood to young adulthood) and bone stiffness index (SI). In this cross-sectional study, which was conducted on 145 university students aged 18–21 years, bone measurements were measured by quantitative ultrasonometry (QUS), and PA information was recalled using a self-administered questionnaire. Associations between the SI and the impact of PA performed during secondary school (p = 0.027), high school (p = 0.002), and university (p = 0.016) periods were observed. The continuity of PA over a longer period of time was related to a higher SI (p = 0.007). Those who practiced PA throughout all school periods had a higher SI than those who practiced during primary school only (p = 0.038) or through primary and secondary schools (p = 0.009). These results suggest that impact-loading PA practiced during different school periods is related to higher values of the SI. Therefore, continuous PA from an early age may be an important contributing factor to achieving and maintaining adequate bone health.

Externalizing and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence and the risk of alcohol use disorders in young adulthood: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivete Meque ◽  
Berihun Assefa Dachew ◽  
Joemer C Maravilla ◽  
Caroline Salom ◽  
Rosa Alati
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Symptoms

Background: Evidence suggests that externalizing and internalizing symptoms are expressed early in life and are associated with problematic drinking in young adulthood. However, few studies have examined their role during childhood and adolescence in predicting alcohol problems later in life. Objectives: To examine the role of childhood and adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms in predicting alcohol use disorders in young adulthood. Methods: We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and Embase) for studies which diagnosed alcohol use disorders through either the International Classification of Diseases or American Psychiatric Association – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria and followed up children or adolescents into the transition to young adulthood. We performed a meta-analysis and obtained pooled odds ratio estimates with 95% confidence intervals using random-effects models. Results: A total of 12 longitudinal studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. All measured the outcome using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The majority were of good quality and were conducted in the United States. A total of 19,407 participants (50% female) were included in this meta-analysis. Of these, n = 2337 (12%) had diagnoses of alcohol use disorders/alcohol dependence. Participant ages ranged from birth to 36 years. Internalizing symptoms increased the risk of young adult alcohol use disorders by 21% (odds ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = [1.05, 1.39]), with no strong evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis suggested significantly lower heterogeneity than for externalizing studies. Externalizing symptoms increased the risk of alcohol use disorders by 62% (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = [1.39, 1.90]). We found some evidence of publication bias and significant heterogeneity in the studies. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the contribution of early behavioural problems to the development of alcohol use disorders in young adulthood and the need for timely scrutiny of and intervention on early behavioural problems.

scholarly journals Active lifestyle in childhood and adolescence prevents obesity development in young adulthood

Obesity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2462-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyang Kwon ◽  
Kathleen F. Janz ◽  
Elena M. Letuchy ◽  
Trudy L. Burns ◽  
Steven M. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Active Lifestyle

Fat Mass Development From Childhood And Adolescence To Young Adulthood

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S267
Author(s):  
Clark A. Mundt ◽  
Darcy Waddington ◽  
Lauren B. Sherar ◽  
Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Mass Development

Athletic ability in childhood and adolescence as a predictor of participation in non-elite sports in young adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1686-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor Söderström ◽  
Josef Fahlén ◽  
Magnus Ferry ◽  
Jun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Elite Sports

Does childhood and adolescence fracture influence bone mineral content in young adulthood?

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal E. Kawalilak ◽  
Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones ◽  
Robert A. Faulkner ◽  
Donald A. Bailey ◽  
Saija A. Kontulainen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Pediatric Fracture ◽  
Total Body

Previous fracture may predispose an individual to bone fragility because of impaired bone mineral accrual. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the influence of fractures sustained during childhood and (or) adolescence on total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) bone mineral content (BMC) in young adulthood. It was hypothesized that there would be lower TB, LS, FN, and TH BMC in participants who had sustained a pediatric fracture. Participant anthropometrics, physical activity, and BMC (measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed longitudinally during childhood and adolescence (from 1991 to 1997), and again in young adulthood (2002 to 2006). Sex, adult height, adult lean mass, adult physical activity, and adolescent BMC adjusted TB, LS, FN, and TH BMC in young adulthood, for those who reported 1 or more fractures (n = 42), were compared with those who reported no fractures (n = 101). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in adjusted BMC between fracture and nonfracture groups at the TB, LS, FN, and TH sites in young adulthood. These results suggest that fractures sustained during childhood and adolescence may not interfere with bone mass in young adulthood at clinically relevant bone sites.

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