Integration of practical supplemental measurements into bridge condition visual inspection grading

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Nefize Shabana ◽  
Ozgur Avsar ◽  
Alp Caner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
End User ◽  
Visual Condition ◽  
Bridge Inspection ◽  
Concrete Degradation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
Structural Engineers

The reliability of condition assessment of bridges obtained from analysis of visual inspection data is always a big concern among structural engineers. It has been known that the condition grading of a bridge is very subjective and can convey limited information to the end user. To finalize and verify the reported condition grading, inspectors and bridge owners have mainly been relying on images. It has been known that the image observation may not be sufficient to address all kinds of problems associated with visual condition grading. The integration of practical supplemental measurements into condition grading as proposed in this paper will contribute to minimize the errors in visual inspection. Measurement of vehicle induced vibrations through wireless accelerometers can be used to determine the natural frequencies of the bridge that can be reported at each inspection. The change in frequencies can be an indication of deterioration in stiffness of bridge over the years. Taking concrete samples by chipping at the inspection site and analyzing them under scanning electron microscope (SEM) at the laboratory can be used to identify the current problems with concrete degradation. In this scope, the regular bridge inspection procedure with the proposed enhancements has been performed on field inspection of highway bridges in Turkey to determine the practicality of the quick supplemental measurements and to analyze the difference in grading of the three different inspectors with different level of experiences.

scholarly journals ERROR SOURCES IN PROCCESSING LIDAR BASED BRIDGE INSPECTION

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
H. Bian ◽  
S. E. Chen ◽  
W. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Bridge Inspection ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Scanning Angle ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Inspection Data

Bridge inspection is a critical task in infrastructure management and is facing unprecedented challenges after a series of bridge failures. The prevailing visual inspection was insufficient in providing reliable and quantitative bridge information although a systematic quality management framework was built to ensure visual bridge inspection data quality to minimize errors during the inspection process. The LiDAR based remote sensing is recommended as an effective tool in overcoming some of the disadvantages of visual inspection. In order to evaluate the potential of applying this technology in bridge inspection, some of the error sources in LiDAR based bridge inspection are analysed. The scanning angle variance in field data collection and the different algorithm design in scanning data processing are the found factors that will introduce errors into inspection results. Besides studying the errors sources, advanced considerations should be placed on improving the inspection data quality, and statistical analysis might be employed to evaluate inspection operation process that contains a series of uncertain factors in the future. Overall, the development of a reliable bridge inspection system requires not only the improvement of data processing algorithms, but also systematic considerations to mitigate possible errors in the entire inspection workflow. If LiDAR or some other technology can be accepted as a supplement for visual inspection, the current quality management framework will be modified or redesigned, and this would be as urgent as the refine of inspection techniques.

Accuracy and precision in stock separation of north-east Arctic and Norwegian coastal cod by otoliths - comparing readings, image analyses and a genetic method

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Berg ◽  
Tuula H. Sarvas ◽  
Alf Harbitz ◽  
Svein Erik Fevolden ◽  
Arnt Børre Salberg
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Arctic Cod ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
North East ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
The Difference

The distinction between north-east Arctic cod and Norwegian coastal cod, two major groups of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), has for many years been based on different distance and shape similarities between the two first translucent growth zones in the otoliths, subjectively decided by visual inspection in a binocular. To analyse the certainty of this technique, four independent readers have classified 263 cod otoliths in total from five different geographical areas. For three of the readers, between 82% and 89% of the classification results coincided with independent results based on genetic analyses. Further, 38 cod otoliths, where the readers were certain of the classification (21 north-east Arctic cod and 17 coastal cod) were classified by several image analysis methods. A complete separation was obtained by using the ratio of the circumferences of the two zones, providing a typical ratio of approximately 2 for coastal and 1.5 for north-east Arctic cod. The otolith method for separating the two types of cod has been considered adequately accurate in assessing the two stocks of cod. However, the method is sensitive to subjective interpretation, and action needs to be taken to minimise the difference in interpretation among otolith readers.

Application of Rough Set Theory to Rule‐type Knowledge Discovery from Field Inspection Data on Highway Bridges

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaho Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Decision Table ◽  
Field Inspection ◽  
Rule Type ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
Contradictory Data

This paper describes an acquisitive method of rule‐type knowledge from the field inspection data on highway bridges. The proposed method is enhanced by introducing an improvement to a traditional data mining technique, i.e. applying the rough set theory to the traditional decision table reduction method. The new rough set theory approach helps in cases of exceptional and contradictory data, which in the traditional decision table reduction method are simply removed from analyses. Instead of automatically removing all apparently contradictory data cases, the proposed method determines whether the data really is contradictory and therefore must be removed or not. The method has been tested with real data on bridge members including girders and filled joints in bridges owned and managed by a highway corporation in Japan. There are, however, numerous inconsistent data in field data. A new method is therefore proposed to solve the problem of data loss. The new method reveals some generally unrecognized decision rules in addition to generally accepted knowledge. Finally, a computer program is developed to perform calculation routines, and some field inspection data on highway bridges is used to show the applicability of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Differences between young and old users when interacting with a humanoid robot: a qualitative usability study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronit Feingold-Polak ◽  
Avital Elishay ◽  
Yonat Shahar ◽  
Maayan Stein ◽  
Yael Edan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Touch Interaction ◽  
The Difference

Abstract With the aging of the population worldwide, humanoid robots are being used with an older population, e.g., stroke patients and people with dementia. There is a growing body of knowledge on how people interact with robots, but limited information on the difference between young and old adults in their preferences when interacting with humanoid robots and what factors influence these preferences.We developed a gamified robotic platform of a cognitive-motor task.We conducted two experiments with the following aims: to test how age, location of touch interaction (touching the robot’s tablet or hand), and embodied presence of a humanoid robot affect the motivation of different age-group users to continue performing a cognitive-motor task. A total of 60 participants (30 old adults and 30 young adults) took part in two experiments with the humanoid Pepper robot (Softbank robotics). Both old and young adults reported they enjoyed the interaction with the robot as they found it engaging and fun, and preferred the embodied robot over the non-embodied computer screen. This study highlights that in order for the experience of the user to be positive a personalization of the interaction according to the age, the needs of the user, the characteristics, and the pace of the task is needed.

Implementation of Virtual Reality in Routine Bridge Inspection

2003 ◽  
Vol 1827 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
David V. Jáuregui ◽  
Kenneth R. White
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Bridge Management ◽  
Bridge Inspection ◽  
Image Creation ◽  
Bridge Inspections ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
Selection Of

The innovative use of QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) and panoramic image–creation utilities for recording field observations and measurements during routine bridge inspections is reported. A virtual reality approach provides the ability to document a bridge’s physical condition by using different media types at a significantly higher level of detail than is possible in a written bridge inspection report. Digitally recorded data can be stored on compact disc for easy access before, during, or after an inspection. The development of a QTVR bridge record consists of four major steps: selection of the camera stations, acquisition of the digital images, creation of cylindrical or cubic panoramas, and rendering of the QTVR file. Specific details related to these steps are provided, as applied to various bridge inspection projects. The potential impact of QTVR on bridge management—in which routine inspection data are a factor in making decisions regarding the future maintenance, rehabilitation, or replacement of a bridge—is discussed.

A Window Fourier-Domain Infrared Search System

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Sherman ◽  
James A. de Haseth ◽  
David G. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Fourier Domain ◽  
Search System ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difficult Cases ◽  
Absorbance Spectra ◽  
Infrared Search System ◽  
Magnitude Improvement ◽  
Infrared Data

A search system is presented that utilizes Fourier-domain infrared data. This system removes or nulls features from infrared absorbance spectra that are found to be dominant and similar in the spectra of interest. This method enhances spectral differences. An example of one such region that is commonly nulled is the C-H stretch region of the spectra. These bands occur in organic compounds and, while generally being quite strong, contribute little to differentiation between spectra. More than one region may be nulled with this system, and the regions are chosen by visual inspection of the spectra of interest. The nulled spectra are then transformed into the Fourier domain, where data in the region that is 55–155 points displaced from the centerburst are extracted and normalized. Finally, a complete library search is performed on the normalized Fourier-domain data. The actual matching algorithm uses a simple dot product calculation, and excellent search results are obtained. This method can be used to distinguish similar compounds that are not easily distinguished by other infrared search methods. In the most difficult cases, a minimum of two-orders-of-magnitude improvement in the difference in dot products is observed when the results of full bandpass spectra are compared with the results of spectra that had one or more regions nulled.

Bridge life-cycle prediction through visual inspection data updating

2016 ◽  
pp. 1518-1525
Author(s):  
Mariano Angelo Zanini ◽  
Flora Faleschini ◽  
Carlo Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
Data Updating

scholarly journals Characterizing the Difference between Indirect and Direct CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing Industries, 2004–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinwoo Lee ◽  
Dong-Woon Noh ◽  
Dong-hyun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
End User ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Green Productivity ◽  
The Difference

This study measures and decomposes green productivity growth of Korean manufacturing industries between 2004 and 2010 using the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. We focus on differences in the measures of productivity growth by distinguishing carbon emissions from either end-user industries or the electricity generation industry. Empirical results suggest three main findings. First, the efficiency of total emissions is higher than that of direct emissions except for the shipbuilding industry. Second, green productivity in the manufacturing sector increased during the study period. Finally, green productivity depends on the indirect emissions of each industry. These results indicate that policymakers need to deliberately develop policy tools for mitigating carbon emissions of the manufacturing industrial sectors based on our empirical findings.

scholarly journals Utilizing Effective Technology In High-Standard Road Defects Inventory System In Estonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1202 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Marek Truu ◽  
Romet Raun ◽  
Maret Jentson
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Inventory System ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
Inspection Data

Abstract Road pavement is expected to withstand enormous traffic loads for long time but sooner or later the deterioration reaches levels when its optimal to apply treatment. While easy to measure roughness or rutting in normal traffic speed, defects are in most countries still collected by means of time-consuming visual inspection in low traffic speeds or expensive and difficult- to-use equipment. Also, most visual inspection systems only operate with aggregated inspection data. That makes data-collection expensive and defects-based decision-making inefficient. In Estonia, defects inventory system utilizes high quality panoramic and orthogonal images to enable data collection in traffic speeds and detailed mapping of pavement defects in 10 classes. Defects mapped in full detail means, that location, shape and size of each defect is known and classified data can be effectively used twice in pavement maintenance planning: for section selection planning in road network level when aggregated and for work method selection in design process when analyzed in detail. Combined with measured lidar-based point-cloud data, detailed 3d-basemap saves both road-owner's and road designer’s valuable time in design phase. In period of 2016-2020, around 35000km of state roads were analyzed with one of the most efficient road defects inventory systems in the world. Also, around 25000 km of municipal and forest roads have been captured with same technology covering several pavement types from bicycle paths to multilane streets and motorways. Current presentation discusses outcomes of Estonian defects inventory study in 2020.

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