Evaluation of trunk muscle activities in response to three breastfeeding positions utilised by women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ojukwu Chidiebele Petronilla ◽  
Ezeukwu Obinna Antoninius ◽  
Anih Chinagozim Faith ◽  
Okemuo Adaora Justina ◽  
Ezugwu Uchechukwu Anthonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND: High prevalence of breastfeeding (BF)-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in nursing mothers have been reported in previous studies. Studies are scarce on the biomechanical effects of the commonly utilized BF positions. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the electromyographic (EMG) activities of the trunk muscles in response to three BF positions commonly utilized by mothers globally. METHODS: 20 non-pregnant nulliparous females participated in this experimental study. EMG activities from erector spinae (ES) and external oblique (EO) muscles were recorded bilaterally in three BF conditions: cradle (C1); cross-cradle (C2); football (FB). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of one-way analysis of variance with alpha level set at 0.05. RESULTS: The activity levels of right EO and ES muscles significantly increased during the C2 hold, while the left EO and ES muscles revealed significantly higher EMG levels in the C1 trial. Asymmetrical activity between the right and the left parts of the EO muscle was significantly higher during the C2 hold. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that compared to C2 and C1 holds, FB hold may be more biomechanically efficient relative to its decreased muscular demands. The physical stresses associated with BF may be higher with the adoption of C2 and C1 holds, especially for prolonged periods.

Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuki Kurokawa ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Satoru Demura ◽  
Kazuya Shinmura ◽  
Noriaki Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.

Trunk Muscle Activation While Resisting Asymmetrically Applied Loads in an Axially Rotated Posture

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 752-756
Author(s):  
Steven A. Lavender ◽  
Yang-Hwei Tsuang ◽  
Gunnar B.J. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Rectus Abdominus ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Univariate Analyses

The present investigation describes the electromyographic (EMG) response of eight trunk muscles during the application of loads to the torso while subjects maintained a twisted posture. The external moments of 20 and 40 Nm were applied to a harness system as each of the 10 subjects twisted 25 degrees. The applied moment direction was varied in 3 0 degree increments completely around the subjects (0 to 33 0 degrees). Surface EMG was used to monitor the left and right Latissimus Dorsi, Erector Spinae, External Oblique, and Rectus Abdominus. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance (MANOVA and ANOVA) procedures showed significant main effects for all muscles and a significant moment magnitude by moment direction interaction effect in 6 of the 8 muscles. The greatest muscle activity was observed in the right Erector Spinae and the left External Oblique muscles. The results are also compared with an earlier study in which a similar loading paradigm was used as subject maintained a neutral upright posture.

The Effects of Lifting Posture on Trunk Muscle Activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 742-746
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Hamrick ◽  
Sean Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Right ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

Trunk muscle activity of twelve healthy males with coal mining experience was examined while each subject lifted a box under various conditions. The independent variables were four levels of posture (kneeling, stooped under a 1.2 m roof, stooped under a 1.6 m roof, and standing), height to which the box was lifted (35 cm or 70 cm), and weight of the lifting box (15 kg, 20 kg, or 25 kg). The dependent variables were the peak EMG values recorded during a lift for each of eight trunk muscles (left and right erectores spinae, left and right latissimus dorsi, left and right external oblique, and left and right rectus abdominis). Posture and weight of lift significantly affected peak activity of the left and right erectores spinae, the left and right latissimus dorsi muscles, and the right external oblique muscle. The latissimus dorsi muscle activity was highest in the low stooping posture, and was lowest in the kneeling posture, while erectores spinae activity was highest in the kneeling posture and decreased as the trunk became more flexed. Thus, the muscle activity during lifting tasks is affected by restricting a worker's posture. Consequently, many lifting guidelines and recommendations currently in use may not be directly applicable to work being performed in restricted postures.

Hip and Trunk Muscle Activity During the Star Excursion Balance Test in Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 682-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Bhanot ◽  
Navpreet Kaur ◽  
Lori Thein Brody ◽  
Jennifer Bridges ◽  
David C. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
External Oblique

Context:Dynamic balance is a measure of core stability. Deficits in the dynamic balance have been related to injuries in the athletic populations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is suggested to measure and improve dynamic balance when used as a rehabilitative tool.Objective:To determine the electromyographic activity of the hip and the trunk muscles during the SEBT.Design:Descriptive.Setting:University campus.Participants:Twenty-two healthy adults (11 males and 11 females; 23.3 [3.8] y, 170.3 [7.6] cm, 67.8 [10.3] kg, and 15.1% [5.0%] body fat).Intervention:Surface electromyographic data were collected on 22 healthy adults of the erector spinae, external oblique, and rectus abdominis bilaterally, and gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscle of the stance leg. A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the interaction between the percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) and the reach directions. The %MVIC for each muscle was compared across the 8 reach directions using the Sidak post hoc test withαat .05.Main Outcome Measures:%MVIC.Results:Significant differences were observed for all the 8 muscles. Highest electromyographic activity was found for the tested muscles in the following reach directions—ipsilateral external oblique (44.5% [38.4%]): anterolateral; contralateral external oblique (52.3% [40.8%]): medial; ipsilateral rectus abdominis (8% [6.6%]): anterior; contralateral rectus abdominis (8% [5.3%]): anteromedial; ipsilateral erector spinae (46.4% [20.2%]): posterolateral; contralateral erector spinae (33.5% [11.3%]): posteromedial; gluteus maximus (27.4% [11.7%]): posterior; and gluteus medius (54.6% [26.1%]): medial direction.Conclusions:Trunk and hip muscle activation was direction dependent during the SEBT. This information can be used during rehabilitation of the hip and the trunk muscles.

Relationship between Trunk Muscularity and Club Head Speed in Male Golfers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Yoka Izumoto ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Sumiaki Maeo ◽  
Takashi Sugiyama ◽  
Hiroaki Kanehisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
Quadratus Lumborum ◽  
Club Head ◽  
The Right ◽  
Psoas Major

AbstractThis study examined how the volume of trunk muscles and its bilateral asymmetry are related to club head speed in golfers. Fourteen right-handed male golfers performed five driver shots, and the club head speed for each trial was calculated from a three-dimensional reflective marker position of the club head immediately before impact. The volume of each side of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, lateral abdominal wall muscle, and multifidus was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. For each muscle, the ratio of the larger to smaller side in muscle volume was calculated to assess bilateral asymmetry. The club head speed correlated positively with the volume of each side of the rectus abdominis and erector spinae, left quadratus lumborum, and the asymmetric ratio of the psoas major (r=0.595–0.747), but negatively with the asymmetric ratio of the quadratus lumborum (r=−0.641). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the right erector spinae volume and the asymmetric ratio of the psoas major were significant contributors for the club head speed (R2=0.797). These results indicate that the variation in the club head speed can be strongly explained by the absolute volume and bilateral asymmetry of specific trunk muscles.

scholarly journals Interhemispheric interactions between trunk muscle representations of the primary motor cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 1488-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyda Jean-Charles ◽  
Jean-Francois Nepveu ◽  
Joan E. Deffeyes ◽  
Guillaume Elgbeili ◽  
Numa Dancause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Interhemispheric Inhibition ◽  
Axial Muscles ◽  
The Right

Unilateral arm movements require trunk stabilization through bilateral contraction of axial muscles. Interhemispheric interactions between primary motor cortices (M1) could enable such coordinated contractions, but these mechanisms are largely unknown. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we characterized interhemispheric interactions between M1 representations of the trunk-stabilizing muscles erector spinae at the first lumbar vertebra (ES L1) during a right isometric shoulder flexion. These interactions were compared with those of the anterior deltoid (AD), the main agonist in this task, and the first dorsal interosseous (FDI). TMS over the right M1 elicited ipsilateral silent periods (iSP) in all three muscles on the right side. In ES L1, but not in AD or FDI, ipsilateral motor evoked potential (iMEP) could precede the iSP or replace it. iMEP amplitude was not significantly different whether ES L1 was used to stabilize the trunk or was voluntarily contracted. TMS at the cervicomedullary junction showed that the size of cervicomedullary evoked potential was unchanged during the iSP but increased during iMEP, suggesting that the iSP, but not the iMEP, is due to intracortical mechanisms. Using a dual-coil paradigm with two coils over the left and right M1, interhemispheric inhibition could be evoked at interstimulus intervals of 6 ms in ES L1 and 8 ms in AD and FDI. Together, these results suggest that interhemispheric inhibition is dominant when axial muscles are involved in a stabilizing task. The ipsilateral facilitation could be evoked by ipsilateral or subcortical pathways and could be used depending on the role axial muscles play in the task. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms involved in the bilateral coordination of axial muscles during unilateral arm movement are poorly understood. We thus investigated the nature of interhemispheric interactions in axial muscles during arm motor tasks in healthy subjects. By combining different methodologies, we showed that trunk muscles receive both inhibitory and facilitatory cortical outputs during activation of arm muscles. We propose that inhibition may be conveyed mainly through interhemispheric mechanisms and facilitation by subcortical mechanisms or ipsilateral pathways.

scholarly journals Effects of Static, Stationary, and Traveling Trunk Exercises on Muscle Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Darien T. Pyka ◽  
Pablo B. Costa ◽  
Jared W. Coburn ◽  
Lee E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
External Oblique

Background: A new fitness trend incorporates stability exercises that challenges trunk muscles and introduces crawling as an exercise, but has yet to be investigated for muscle activity. Purpose: To compare the effects of static (STA), stationary (STN), and traveling (TRV) trunk exercises on muscle activation of the rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, external oblique, and erector spinae using surface electromyography (EMG). Methods: Seventeen recreationally active women (mean age ± SD = 22.4 ± 2.4 years, body mass 62.9 ± 6.9 kg, height 165.1 ± 5.8 cm) and twenty-three men (23.6 ±3.9 years, 83.2 ±17.1 kg, 177.1 ± 9.1 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects performed maximal voluntary contractions for normalization of each muscle’s EMG activity. They then performed the three exercises in random order for thirty seconds each with a two-minute rest in between. Results: For the rectus abdominis, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.003) and TRV (P = 0.001). For the external oblique, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.001) and TRV (P = 0.001) and STN was significantly greater than TRV (P = 0.009). For the erector spinae and rectus femoris, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.001) and TRV (P = 0.001) Conclusions: There was greater muscle activation in all muscles tested in the stationary and traveling exercises versus the static. Strength and conditioning coaches and allied health professionals could potentially use stationary and traveling forms of trunk stabilization exercises as a viable strategy to increase muscle activation.

Effects of kinesio taping on neck-shoulder discomfort and EMG responses during smartphone texting in healthy young adults

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-854
Author(s):  
Pattanasin Areeudomwong ◽  
Wasuphol Bootsast ◽  
Chalalai Thapthimthong ◽  
Patchareeporn Manop ◽  
Vitsarut Buttagat
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Kinesio Taping ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND: While kinesio taping (KT) is used in several clinical settings to correct posture and reduce pain, KT effects during smartphone texting are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects among healthy young adults of KT on neck-shoulder discomfort and electromyographic (EMG) responses of neck and upper trunk muscles during smartphone texting. METHODS: Twenty-four participants performed a 30-minute texting task on a smartphone using both hands at two separate times under one of two conditions: KT on the right shoulder and no taping. Neck-shoulder discomfort was assessed, along with the normalized root mean square (NRMS) and normalized median frequency (NMF) of the right cervical erector spinae (CES), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA). RESULTS: Compared to baseline, both groups had significantly greater neck-shoulder discomfort, and NRMS and NMF of all muscles (p < 0.001) after performing a 30-minute texting task. Comparing between groups, the KT group experienced significantly less neck-shoulder discomfort, and demonstrated delayed deterioration of NRMS and NMF of right CES and LT muscles (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During smartphone texting, KT on the shoulder decreased neck-shoulder discomfort and delayed reduction of activation and fatigue of neck and upper trunk muscles among healthy young adults.

scholarly journals Trunk Muscle Activation Patterns During Standing Turns in Patients With Stroke: An Electromyographic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Pei-Jung Liang ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
Shu-Chun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Trunk Control ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Paretic Side ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

Recent evidence indicates that turning difficulty may correlate with trunk control; however, surface electromyography has not been used to explore trunk muscle activity during turning after stroke. This study investigated trunk muscle activation patterns during standing turns in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with stroke with turning difficulty (TD) and no TD (NTD). The participants with stroke were divided into two groups according to the 180° turning duration and number of steps to determine the presence of TD. The activation patterns of the bilateral external oblique and erector spinae muscles of all the participants were recorded during 90° standing turns. A total of 14 HCs, 14 patients with TD, and 14 patients with NTD were recruited. The duration and number of steps in the turning of the TD group were greater than those of the HCs, independent of the turning direction. However, the NTD group had a significantly longer turning duration than did the HC group only toward the paretic side. Their performance was similar when turning toward the non-paretic side; this result is consistent with electromyographic findings. Both TD and NTD groups demonstrated increased amplitudes of trunk muscles compared with the HC groups. Their trunk muscles failed to maintain consistent amplitudes during the entire movement of standing turns in the direction that they required more time or steps to turn toward (i.e., turning in either direction for the TD group and turning toward the paretic side for the NTD group). Patients with stroke had augmented activation of trunk muscles during turning. When patients with TD turned toward either direction and when patients with NTD turned toward the paretic side, the flexible adaptations and selective actions of trunk muscles observed in the HCs were absent. Such distinct activation patterns during turning may contribute to poor turning performance and elevate the risk of falling. Our findings provide insights into the contribution and importance of trunk muscles during turning and the association with TD after stroke. These findings may help guide the development of more effective rehabilitation therapies that target specific muscles for those with TD.

Thrombotic Events in Homozygotes with a Proven or Highly Probable Arg304Gln Factor VII Mutation (FVII Padua)1): Only Limited Replacement Therapy is Needed in Case of Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Antonio Girolami ◽  
Elisabetta Cosi ◽  
Silvia Ferrari ◽  
Bruno Girolami ◽  
Maria L. Randi
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Thrombotic Event ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compound Heterozygotes

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of thrombotic events among patients with proven or highly probable homozygosis for the Arg304Gln (Factor VII Padua) defect or compound heterozygosis containing the Arg304Gln mutation. Methods: Homozygotes and compound heterozygotes proven by molecular studies to have the Arg304Gln mutation were gathered from personal files and from two PubMed searches. In addition, patients with probable homozygosis on the basis of clotting tests (discrepancies among Factor VII activity levels according to the tissue thromboplastin used) were also gathered. Results: 30 proven homozygotes and 17 probable ones were gathered together with 8 compound heterozygotes. In the latter use, the associated mutation was Cys135Arg (twice), Gly180Arg, Arg304Trp, Arg315Trp, His348Gln, Gly365Cys. The prevalence of venous thrombotic events was 16.6, 11.8 and 11.1 percent, respectively for the three groups of patients. Heterozygotes showed no thrombotic event. The difference for proven homozygotes was statistically significant, while for the other groups only a trend was present. Conclusion: proven homozygous or compound heterozygous patients with the Arg304Gln mutation showed a higher than expected incidence of thrombotic events. The same is true for probable cases gathered only on the basis of clotting tests. These patients, because of their frequent lack of bleeding and for their relatively high prevalence of thrombosis should probably receive only limited replacement therapy in case of surgical procedures.

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