scholarly journals Air Contaminants in an Underwater Vehicle Cabin During Navigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Fang ◽  
Kexian Li ◽  
Xinhong Xu ◽  
Xiaomeng Ren ◽  
Lu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Vehicle Cabin ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Volatile Organic

The purpose of this study is to study the air contaminants in the cabins of underwater vehicle. The basic data help for the better research of the underwater vehicle cabin environment standard and the control strategy. Pretreatment and analysis method of volatile organic compounds was preconcentration combined with gas chromatography under the condition of liquid nitrogen and detected by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pollution of particles, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide during the underwater vehicle voyage were monitored by online monitoring instrument. Altogether 34 kinds of pollution components were detected, most of which were low in concentration. Some are low olfactory threshold or high toxic components, such as dimethyldisulfide, benzene, carbon disulfide, trichloromethane, and several reached to ppm level. The contamination of the particles was mainly fine particles and part cabins exceeded the national standard of indoor air quality. The highest concentration of carbon dioxide in accommodation space exceeded the permissible concentration of atmosphere composition aboard diesel underwater vehicle compartments. The increase submerged time made the environment in the cabins deteriorate. The concentration of trace contaminants may close to or beyond the relevant standards with the prolonged time. The volatile organic compounds, particles, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide aggravated the air circumstance in the cabins. It should be determined the permissible concentration of air contaminants in underwater vehicle as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland using the COPERT 5 software

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna BEBKIEWICZ ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Jakub LASOCKI ◽  
Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI ◽  
Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic

This article presents results of the inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland. To determine emission from motor vehicles in Poland COPERT 5 software was used for the first time. In addition, a comparison of the national emission from motor vehi-cles in 2016 and in 2015 was included. Pollutants harmful to health were considered primarily: carbon monoxide, organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Emission of substances contributing to the intensification of the greenhouse effect were also examined: carbon dioxide, ammonia and nitrous oxide. It was found that the relative increase in volume of emission of carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds is less than 10%, and nitrogen oxides and particulate matter less than 15%. The relative increase in carbon dioxide emission is approximately 14%, which corresponds to a relative increase in fuel consumption. The relative increase of volume of heavy metal emission is similar. The assessment of the energy emission factor (emission of pollution related to energy equal to used fuel) proves that – amongst pollutants harmful to health – for carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds there is a relative reduction by approximately 5% in 2016, and for nitrogen oxides and particulate matter – increase by approximately (3–4)%.

Sick Building Syndrome Symptoms among the Staff in Schools and Kindergartens: are the Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbon Dioxide Responsible?

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
Stefan Willers ◽  
Sven Andersson ◽  
Rolf Andersson ◽  
Jörgen Grantén ◽  
Christina Sverdrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sick Building Syndrome ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Sick Building

Indoor and outdoor concentrations of fine particles, particle-bound PAHs and volatile organic compounds in Kaunas, Lithuania

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linas Kliucininkas ◽  
Dainius Martuzevicius ◽  
Edvinas Krugly ◽  
Tadas Prasauskas ◽  
Violeta Kauneliene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

First Comprehensive Measurements of Emission Rates of Greenhouse Gases, Volatile Organic Compounds and Reduced Sulfur Compounds from a Tailings Pond in the Alberta Oil Sands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Staebler ◽  
Samar Moussa ◽  
Yuan You ◽  
Hayley Hung ◽  
Maryam Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Reduced Sulfur

<p>Canada’s Oil Sands Region in northern Alberta contains the world’s largest deposits of commercially exploited bitumen. Extraction of synthetic crude oil from these deposits is a water intensive process, requiring large ponds for water recycling and/or final storage of tailings, already covering a total of over 100 km<sup>2</sup> of liquid surface area in the Athabasca Oil sands. The primary extraction tailings ponds primarily contain sand, silt, clay and unrecovered bitumen, while a few secondary extraction ponds also receive solvents and inorganic and organic by-products of the extraction process. Fugitive emissions of pollutants from these ponds to the atmosphere may therefore be a concern, but until recently, data on emission rates for many pollutants, other than a few reported under regulatory compliance monitoring, were sparse. We present here the results from a comprehensive field campaign to quantify the emissions from a secondary extraction pond to the atmosphere of 68 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 22 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), 8 reduced sulfur compounds as well as methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia. Three micrometeorological flux methods (eddy covariance, vertical gradients and inverse dispersion modeling) were evaluated for methane fluxes to ensure their mutual comparability. Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes were similar to previous results based on flux chamber measurements. Emission rates for 12 PACs, alkanes and aromatic VOCs, several sulfur species, and ammonia were found to be significant. PACs were dominated by methyl naphthalenes and phenanthrenes, while diethylsulfide and  and n-heptane were the dominant reduced sulfur and VOC species, respectively. The role of these previously unavailable emission rates in regional pollutant budgets will be discussed.</p>

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