scholarly journals Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis on the Mechanism of Drug Pair of Astragalus Membranaceus and Acorus Tatarinowii in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuting Huang ◽  
Xiujin Zhang ◽  
Xiangning Li ◽  
Haozhen Wang ◽  
Chen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Drug Pair ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
High Position ◽  
Acorus Tatarinowii

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of central nervous system, which seriously threatens the life and health of the elderly people. It has been for long time that Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment for AD is effective. This study analyzed the potential target and molecular mechanism of the most often used drug pair of Astragalus membranaceus and Acorus tatarinowii to treat AD by network pharmacological method. Firstly, the method was performed to screen and sort out the active ingredients with good ADME properties and drug targets of Astragalus membranaceus and Acorus tatarinowii. Then, we searched for the disease targets related to AD, followed by the construction of the “active ingredients-target-disease” network. We implemented GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of related overlapped target proteins, and then constructed the “target-pathway” network diagram. Finally, the above overlapped target proteins are mapped to build a PPI high-position protein interoperability network, and we conducted the network topology analysis to screen out the core targets of Astragalus membranaceus-Acorus tatarinowii drug pair in the treatment of AD. According to network pharmacology, this research predicted the potential targets of the drug pair of Astragalus membranaceus and Acorus tatarinowii in the treatment of AD, and explored that Astragalus membranaceus-Acorus tatarinowii drug pair in the treatment of AD was the overall systematic regulating action of “multiple-ingredients, multiple-target and multiple-pathway”. It affords the reference for understanding the pathogenesis of AD and exploring new therapeutic methods and drug development in the future.

scholarly journals Study on the Mechanism of Acori Graminei Rhizoma in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yi Kuan Du ◽  
Yue Xiao ◽  
Shao Min Zhong ◽  
Yi Xing Huang ◽  
Qian Wen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Active Components

Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. This study explored the curative effect and possible mechanism of Acori graminei rhizoma on Alzheimer’s disease. In this paper, 8 active components of Acori graminei rhizoma were collected by consulting literature and using the TCMSP database, and 272 targets were screened using the PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction databases. Introduce it into the software of Cytoscape 3.7.2 and establish the graph of “drug-active ingredient-ingredient target.” A total of 276 AD targets were obtained from OMIM, Gene Cards, and DisGeNET databases. Import the intersection targets of drugs and diseases into STRING database for enrichment analysis, and build PPI network in the Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, whose core targets involve APP, AMPK, NOS3, etc. GO analysis and KEGG analysis showed that there were 195 GO items and 30 AD-related pathways, including Alzheimer’s disease pathway, serotonin synapse, estrogen signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Finally, molecular docking was carried out to verify the binding ability between Acori graminei rhizoma and core genes. Our results predict that Acori graminei rhizoma can treat AD mainly by mediating Alzheimer’s signal pathway, thus reducing the production of Aβ, inhibiting the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, regulating neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of kinase to change the function of the receptor.

scholarly journals Network Pharmacology Study of Heat-Clearing and Detoxifying Traditional Chinese Medicine for Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hongxing Li ◽  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Lili Gu ◽  
Ningzi Wu ◽  
Lingxi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis

This study aims to explore the possible homologous mechanism of 7 frequently‐used herbs for heat-clearing and detoxification in traditional Chinese medicine (HDTCM) for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common types of dementia, based on network pharmacology. Herbs that satisfied the criteria of containing chlorogenic acid, relating to AD and aligning with HDTCM, were simultaneously collected to determine whether they have anti-AD effect based on a survey of the literature. Herb-ingredient-target-disease networks were constructed by collecting information from the TCMSP and GeneCards public databases. The common targets of the herbs and AD were identified for conducting a Gene Ontology (GO) analyses and a Reactome pathway enrichment analysis. The results showed that PTGS1, IL-6, CASP3, and VEGFA were the predicted key gene targets. The IL-4 and IL-13 signaling pathway, the ESR-mediated signaling pathway, and the extranuclear estrogen signaling pathway were the significant pathways associated with the 7 herbs. This study revealed that the analogous anti-AD mechanism of the 7 herbs of HDTCM may be associated with anti-inflammation, which is a common effect of the chlorogenic acid and quercetin components.

scholarly journals Systems Pharmacological Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Ohwia caudata for Application to Alzheimer’s Disease

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-wei Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Zi-feng Guo ◽  
Kai-cheng Du ◽  
Da-li Meng
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
Target Network ◽  
Synergistic Mechanism

Ohwia caudata (OC)—a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)—has been reported to have large numbers of flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The previous studies on OC for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) only focused on single targets and its mechanisms, while no report had shown about the synergistic mechanism of the constituents from OC related to their potential treatment on dementia in any database. This study aimed to predict the bioactive targets constituents and find potential compounds from OC with better oral bioavailability and blood–brain barrier permeability against AD, by using a system network level-based in silico approach. The results revealed that two new flavonoids, and another 26 compounds isolated from OC in our lab, were highly connected to AD-related signaling pathways and biological processes, which were confirmed by compound–target network, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. Predicted by the virtual screening and various network pharmacology methods, we found the multiple mechanisms of OC, which are effective for alleviating AD symptoms through multiple targets in a synergetic way.

scholarly journals The Main Alkaloids in Uncaria rhynchophylla and Their Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Mechanism Determined by a Network Pharmacology Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3612
Author(s):  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Xiao-Ming Wang ◽  
Chao-Yuan Ye ◽  
Hong-Fei Su ◽  
Qing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Uncaria Rhynchophylla

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing concern in modern society, and effective drugs for its treatment are lacking. Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) and its main alkaloids have been studied to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. This study aimed to uncover the key components and mechanism of the anti-AD effect of UR alkaloids through a network pharmacology approach. The analysis identified 10 alkaloids from UR based on HPLC that corresponded to 90 anti-AD targets. A potential alkaloid target-AD target network indicated that corynoxine, corynantheine, isorhynchophylline, dihydrocorynatheine, and isocorynoxeine are likely to become key components for AD treatment. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the Alzheimers disease (hsa05010) was the pathway most significantly enriched in alkaloids against AD. Further analysis revealed that 28 out of 90 targets were significantly correlated with Aβ and tau pathology. These targets were validated using a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Molecular docking studies were carried out to verify the binding of corynoxine and corynantheine to core targets related to Aβ and tau pathology. In addition, the cholinergic synapse (hsa04725) and dopaminergic synapse (hsa04728) pathways were significantly enriched. Our findings indicate that UR alkaloids directly exert an AD treatment effect by acting on multiple pathological processes in AD.

scholarly journals Gene Network Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Network and Statistical Methods

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Chen Zhou ◽  
Haiyan Guo ◽  
Shujuan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Functional Module ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Core Network

Gene network associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is constructed from multiple data sources by considering gene co-expression and other factors. The AD gene network is divided into modules by Cluster one, Markov Clustering (MCL), Community Clustering (Glay) and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). Then these division methods are evaluated by network structure entropy, and optimal division method, MCODE. Through functional enrichment analysis, the functional module is identified. Furthermore, we use network topology properties to predict essential genes. In addition, the logical regression algorithm under Bayesian framework is used to predict essential genes of AD. Based on network pharmacology, four kinds of AD’s herb-active compounds-active compound targets network and AD common core network are visualized, then the better herbs and herb compounds of AD are selected through enrichment analysis.

scholarly journals A Network Pharmacology Study to Explore Mechanism of the Drug Pair of Astragalus-Saposhnikoviae Radix in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Lu ◽  
Limin Ma ◽  
Haozhen Wang ◽  
Xiuting Huang ◽  
Xiujin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Drug Pair ◽  
Pathway Network ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Target Disease ◽  
Saposhnikoviae Radix

Allergic rhinitis (AR) has now become one of the major diseases affecting people’s lives, and Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) always has good efficacy in clinical treatment. In the present study, we analyzed the most frequently used drug pair of Astragalus-Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR) in prescriptions for the treatment of allergic rhinitis by network pharmacology to reveal the modern pharmacological mechanisms of drug prevention and treatment of the disease. Firstly, the 38 active ingredients with good ADME properties from the Astragalus-SR drug pair were collected from the database, and the collated drug targets of Astragalus and SR and the targets of allergic rhinitis were mapped against each other by the network visualization software Cytoscape, followed by the establishment of a “drug active ingredient-target-disease” network diagram and the construction of a high-confidence protein-protein interaction network. Then, the common targets obtained from the disease and drug active ingredients were imported by R language for GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The KEGG pathways associated with the targets of Astragalus and SR for the treatment of allergic rhinitis obtained from R enrichment analysis were imported into Cytoscape, and the CytoNCA plug-in was loaded to construct a “target-pathway” network map, and the core target wogonin (FN1) was screened. These evidences suggest that the drug pair of Astragalus-SR works in a multi-component, multi-target and integrated modulation manner for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, which provides an important basis for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

scholarly journals A Network-Based Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Uncaria Alkaloids in Treating Hypertension and Alleviating Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyong Wu ◽  
Zijia Zhang ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Yanping Deng ◽  
Min Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Uncaria alkaloids are the major bioactive chemicals found in the Uncaria genus, which have a long history of clinical application in treating cardiovascular and mental diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, there are gaps in understanding the multiple targets, pathways, and biological activities of Uncaria alkaloids. By constructing the interactions among drug-targets-diseases, network pharmacology provides a systemic methodology and a novel perspective to present the intricate connections among drugs, potential targets, and related pathways. It is a valuable tool for studying TCM drugs with multiple indications, and how these multi-indication drugs are affected by complex interactions in the biological system. To better understand the mechanisms and targets of Uncaria alkaloids, we built an integrated analytical platform based on network pharmacology, including target prediction, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, topology analysis, gene enrichment analysis, and molecular docking. Using this platform, we revealed the underlying mechanisms of Uncaria alkaloids’ anti-hypertensive effects and explored the possible application of Uncaria alkaloids in preventing Alzheimer’s disease. These results were further evaluated and refined using biological experiments. Our study provides a novel strategy for understanding the holistic pharmacology of TCM, as well as for exploring the multi-indication properties of TCM beyond its traditional applications.

scholarly journals A Network Pharmacology Approach to Estimate Potential Targets of the Active Ingredients of Epimedium for Alleviating Mild Cognitive Impairment and Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xianwei Gao ◽  
Shengnan Li ◽  
Chao Cong ◽  
Yuejiao Wang ◽  
Lianwei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Common

Background. The present study made use of a network pharmacological approach to evaluate the mechanisms and potential targets of the active ingredients of Epimedium for alleviating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods. The active ingredients of Epimedium were acquired from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database, and potential targets were predicted using the TCMSP target module, SwissTargetPrediction, and PharmMapper database. Target proteins correlating with MCI and AD were downloaded from the GeneCards, DisGeNet, and OMIM databases. The common targets of Epimedium, MCI, and AD were identified using the Jvenn online tool, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the String database and Cytoscape. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the common targets was performed using DAVID, and molecular docking between active ingredients and target genes was modeled using AutoDock Vina. Results. A total of 20 active ingredients were analyzed, and 337 compound-related targets were identified for Epimedium. Out of 236 proteins associated with MCI and AD, 54 overlapped with the targets of Epimedium. The top 30 interacting proteins in this set were ranked by topological analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the common targets participated in diverse biological processes and pathways, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory response, signal transduction, and protein phosphorylation through cancer pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, sphingolipid signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis suggested that the 20 active ingredients could bind to the top 5 protein targets. Conclusions. The present study provides theoretical evidence for in-depth analysis of the mechanisms and molecular targets by which Epimedium protects against MCI, AD, and other neurodegenerative diseases and lays the foundation for pragmatic clinical applications and potential new drug development.

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