scholarly journals Analysis of Various Techniques for Ovarian Cyst Segmentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheela S ◽  
Subashini V ◽  
M. Sumathi ◽  
Roopsree G ◽  
Soundhar B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

In the female reproductive system, ovary plays a major role. The diseases caused by ovaries are ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, menstrual cycle disorder and polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). PCOS in women mainly causes infertility. The method of analyzing a polycystic ovarian image varies with every individual patient and a great deal for the image analyst to segment the cyst. This paper reviews several segmentation algorithms like Level set algorithm, K-means clustering and Adaptive thresholding segments the ovarian cyst from the ultrasound images exactly. The four parameters such as accuracy, jaccard coefficient, precision, and sensitivity are used for the evaluation of segmentation processes.

scholarly journals Benign Ovarian Cysts with Raised CA-125 Levels: Do We Need to Evaluate the Fallopian Tubes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Devesh Sharma ◽  
Anjali Vinocha
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen 125

Abstract Objectives It is not clearly known whether some benign (simple) ovarian cysts can convert into cancerous cysts. Size of cyst and wall abnormalities do predict the potentiality of malignancy. Not many studies have been done to explore the malignant potential of large-sized (> 5 cm) unilocular ovarian cysts without wall abnormalities. This study evaluated the correlation between ultrasonographic size of benign ovarian cysts and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. Methodology Sixty (60) premenopausal women were recruited for the study preoperatively, based on transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) findings present in the case record sheet received along with the CA-125 sample in the biochemistry laboratories. Those cases with elevated CA-125 levels were selected, where patients had unilocular ovarian cysts without wall abnormalities. CA-125 was done using ECLIA methodology (Cobas e411, Germany). Statistical correlation was calculated between the ovarian cyst size and CA-125 levels using Spearman’s Rho coefficient. Results Mean age group of subjects were 29.7 ± 7.3 years and mean value of CA-125 (normal < 35 IU/mL) was found to be increased: 118.0 ± 147.1 IU/mL so was the mean diameter of cysts (cut off ≤ 5 cm): 48.6 ± 59.8 cm. No correlation was found between CA-125 levels and volume of ovarian cyst (r = 0.005, p = 0.680) for all subjects. Conclusions The lack of correlation between size of ovarian cysts and CA-125 levels provides a hint that the ovarian cyst epithelium does not directly express CA-125 and it may come from sites like the fallopian tube. Thus, raised level of CA-125 in benign ovarian cyst should be followed-up more closely, demanding assessment of fallopian tubes for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Also, algorithms can be explored to include size of ovarian cyst and CA 125 levels to predict ovarian cancer.

Improved specificity of the CA 125 enzyme immunoassay for ovarian carcinomas by use of the ratio of CA 125 to carcinoembryonic antigen.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1853-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J T Wu ◽  
T Miya ◽  
J A Knight ◽  
D P Knight
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cyst Fluids

Abstract We found that ovarian cyst fluids contained carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 and CA 125 tumor markers. However, only the ratio of CA 125 to CEA concentrations provided sufficient specificity to differentiate serous from mucinous cysts. For CEA measurement, our results suggested the use of a monoclonal CEA kit. When CEA was determined with a Hybritech monoclonal CEA kit, all ratios in mucinous ovarian cysts were less than 10 and most of the ratios were greater than 1000 in serous ovarian cysts. We also found that the ratio of CA 125 to CEA in serum could be used to differentiate ovarian from nonovarian malignant diseases when both sera contain increased CA 125 concentrations. The nonovarian malignancies consisted of colorectal, breast, lung, and pancreatic carcinomas. The mean ratio for serum from patients with nonovarian cancers was 0.94 (n = 19); for ovarian-cancer patients (n = 45), 916. Therefore, determining this ratio will greatly improve the specificity of the CA 125 test for ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals A Case Study on Ayurvedic Management in PCOS

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Shahina Mole.S ◽  
Ammu.K.Sasi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Female reproductive system consists of hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis and intact uterine-adnexa which maintains a complex mechanism. In human body all the systems are interrelated to function properly; any imbalance in one system may cause multisystem pathogenesis. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy, which is multifactorial and polygenic condition, manifested as oligoovulation or anovulation, signs of hyperandrogenism and multiple small ovarian cysts. Signs and symptoms vary within individual’s overtime. This adversely affect the reproductive system by menstrual disorders, infertility, obesity, depression, sleep apnea, insulin resistance and in due course may result in diabetes mellitus, endometrial cancer, cardiovascular disease etc. According to Ayurveda PCOS is a disorder which involves the three Doshas, Dhathus like Rasa, Raktha and Medas. The Srothas involved in this condition are Rasa, Rakta and Arthava vaha which eventually manifests features such as Anarthava (amenorrhea), Vandhyathwa, Pushpagni, Abeeja rtuchakra (anovular bleeding). Here is a case report of 19 year old girl who presented with irregular menstruation, rapid weight gain and hair loss. On USG she was detected to have bilateral PCO pattern. Based on the clinical features, treatment principles adopted were Aamapachana, Vata anulomana, Kaphapittahara and Arthava janana. After 2 months of internal medications, symptoms reduced markedly and menstruation was normal. Adherence to Ayurvedic principles is found to be helpful in PCOS for a healthy and fruitful life.

ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN THE DETECTION OF RECURRENT OVARIAN CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. Alisherova ◽  
◽  
M. Ismailova
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Female Reproductive System

Currently, there are no standard approaches to monitoring patients with ovarian cancer (OC). While the role of ultrasound (US) has been identified in the primary diagnosis of OS, it is still controversial during the subsequent surgical treatment of OC. In world statistics, ovarian cancer is consistently among the four main localizations of malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, along with tumors of the breast, body and cervix.

Early Detection of Wilms' Tumor in a Child with Hemihypertnophy and Ovarian Cysts

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
Deborah Tolchin ◽  
Mordecai Koenigsberg ◽  
Maria Santorineou
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Intravenous Pyelogram ◽  
Routine Examination ◽  
Bilateral Wilms Tumor

There have been many reports of the association between hemihypertrophy and intraabdominal masses, including Wilms' tumor, hepatoma, and adrenal cortical neoplasias.1 The present report describes a patient with segmental hemihypertrophy, multiple ovarian cysts, and bilateral Wilms' tumor and suggests a screening regimen for patients with hemihypertrophy. CASE REPORT The patient was a 9 lb 14 oz product of a term pregnancy, who was well until a mass filling the entire right side of the abdomen was discovered on routine examination at 4 months of age. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) confirmed a large prerenal mass which on ultrasound was felt to be an ovarian cyst.

scholarly journals Biometric Foetal Contour Extraction using Hybrid Level Set

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Jaiswal ◽  
Srikant Satarkar
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Contour Extraction ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Ultrasonic Images ◽  
Automatic Technique

In medical imaging, accurate anatomical structure extraction is important for diagnosis and therapeutic interventional planning. So, for easier, quicker and accurate diagnosis of medical images, image processing technologies may be employed in analysis and feature extraction of medical images. In this paper, some modifications to level set algorithm are made and modified algorithm is used for extracting contour of foetal objects in an image. The proposed approach is applied on foetal ultrasound images. In traditional approach, foetal parameters are extracted manually from ultrasound images. Due to lack of consistency and accuracy of manual measurements, an automatic technique is highly desirable to obtain foetal biometric measurements. This proposed approach is based on global & local region information for foetal contour extraction from ultrasonic images. The primary goal of this research is to provide a new methodology to aid the analysis and feature extraction from foetal images.

scholarly journals Surgical aspects of the treatment of neonatal ovarian cysts in girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
D. A. Malysheva ◽  
A. A. Sukhotskaya ◽  
V. G. Bairov ◽  
I. M. Kagantsov ◽  
N. A. Kokhreidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Laparoscopic Fenestration ◽  
Dynamic Ultrasound ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Neonatal ovarian cysts develop in case of hormonal imbalance in the mother-placenta-fetus system. Cystic transformation in the ovary may cause appendage torsion which leads to follicular necrosis and loss of ovarian reserve. Most often, torsion occurs in the utero, but in premature girls- due to the specific hormonal status - the risk of cyst growth and its torsion remains in the postnatal period. Currently, a unified approach to the surgical treatment of neonatal ovarian cysts is absent.Material and methods. In the department of pediatric surgery for malformations in the Perinatal Center of the Amazov National Medical Research Center, 34 girls with ovarian cysts were examined during 2012-2020; 9 of them (27%) were premature. In the presented observation, we faced an ovarian cyst in the fetus of 30 week gestation.Results. The cyst looked uncomplicated, but had the enormous size, so we discussed a possibility to perform an intrauterine puncture. However, due to severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and premature delivery, the intervention was not carried out. By the third week of life, torsion of the cystic-transformed ovary developed; necrosis and self-amputation of the right uterine appendage were revealed intraoperatively. By the age of three months, cystic transformation of the only ovary developed. Timely performed laparoscopic fenestration was organ-sparing. Further follow-up revealed preserved and normally growing single ovary what confirmed the right choice of surgical tactics.Conclusion. Dynamic ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs is indicated to all premature girls, at least once every two weeks (in case of revealed ovarian cyst - weekly). We consider it reasonable to make the laparoscopic fenestration of uncomplicated cysts that have size of 3 cm and more. Newborn girls with ovarian cysts should be under the joint control of pediatrician and pediatric gynecologist for developing an individual follow-up plan.

scholarly journals mRNAsi Index-based Integrative Analysis for the Identification of New Prognostic Models for Ovarian Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Pan ◽  
Xiaoxin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Lymphatic Invasion ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna Network ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate among all female reproductive system malignant tumors worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate OC from several perspectives by using machine learning. Our results showed that the mRNA expression-stemness index (mRNAsi) is closely related to clinical characteristics of OC patients, as OC patients with venous or lymphatic invasion had higher mRNAsi score compared to patients with no invasion. Furhter grade 3/4 patient group had higher mRNAsi scores compared to the grade1/2 group. We also found that mRNAsi is closely related to immune infiltration in OC. We also built a competing endogenous RNA network, which contained 4 miRNAs, 5 lncRNAs, and 1 mRNA, by using Cytoscape based on the differentially expressed genes of the high- and low-mRNAsi groups. Through Lassio regression, we also established a model including 7 lncRNAs and 2miRNAs, which could effectively categorize OC patients into two groups based on the median risk score. We then developed a nomogram model which could effectively forecast the overall survival rate of OC for 1-, 3-, and 5-year period. The models assessed in this study showed potential for clinical application in treatment decisions for OC.

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