scholarly journals Study on Analytical Modelling of Tsunami Wave Propagation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Regina M ◽  
Syed Mohamed E
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The People ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tsunami Amplitude

Modelling of tsunami wave propagation plays a vital role in forecasting of disastrous tsunami. The earlier identification and prediction of tsunami provides more time for taking preventive measures and evacuation. On December 26, 2004, massive destruction of lives and properties due to tsunami increases the needs to develop a fast and accurate modelling of tsunami wave propagation. The modelling of waves provide the amplitude of tsunami, speed, arrival time and power of the wall of water and also run up distance and height. It also used to predict vulnerable buildings to tsunami. In this paper describes the modelling of tsunami wave propagation from generation to run-up. Numerical and analytical methods used for modelling and simulation. Tsunami is serious of wave (wave train) which has a long wavelength >500 km and celerity of wave more than 800 km/hr in deep ocean and in shallow coast, their wavelength and celerity diminishes but the amplitude of wave increases above 30m. The scope of this study is to determine the areas which are going to hit by tsunami, amplitude of wave and their arrival time for early forecasting and alert the people within a short time after an earthquake happened.

scholarly journals Review Study on Location Plan of Temporary Shelter for Tsunami Disaster in Kuta Bay of Central Lombok

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Adi Mawardin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Magnitude Variation ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Historical record showed in 1977, tsunami attacked Lombok and caused extensive damages due to tectonic activity. Kuta Bay located in the southern area of Lombok has a high risk of earthquake and tsunami, thus mitigation plan on tsunami attack is very important. This study aimed to determine the arrival time, run-up height of tsunami and the coverage areas, so it could be used to determine the temporary shelter location (Tempat Evakuasi Sementara-TES). Simulation of the tsunami wave propagation used the TUNAMI modified (beta version) program with three scenarios of earthquake magnitude variation (Mw), namely 7.7, 8.1, 8.3, and 7.9 (based on the Sumba earthquake event in 1977). Field surveys, questionnaire distributions, and interviews were used in determining input parameters of Tsunami Evacuation Simulation (Simulasi Evakuasi Tsunami-SET) by using 2011 EVACUWARE 1.0 version. Tsunami wave propagation simulation showed the tsunami arrival time on Kuta Bay ranged between 21 - 38 minutes. Tsunami run-up height was about 1.01 - 8.71 meters along Kuta Bay, with the farthest distance of inundation was 860 meters from the seashore. The percentage of survivors based on SET results in scenario 1 and 2 for 20 minutes of evacuation time were respectively, 63.62% and 93.27%.

scholarly journals Tsunami wave propagation by voronoi diagram

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
V Yuvaraj ◽  
S Rajasekaran ◽  
D Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Voronoi Diagram ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Fast Marching Method ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Fast Marching ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Finite Difference Method ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Marching Method

Cellular automata is the model applied in very complicated situations and complex problems. It involves the Introduction of voronoi diagram in tsunami wave propagation with the help of a fast-marching method to find the spread of the tsunami waves in the coastal regions. In this study we have modelled and predicted the tsunami wave propagation using the finite difference method. This analytical method gives the horizontal and vertical layers of the wave run up and enables the calculation of reaching time.  

scholarly journals Numerical Investigations of Tsunami Run-Up and Flow Structure on Coastal Vegetated Beaches

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Zhang ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Tianping Xu ◽  
Jun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Sloping Beach

Tsunami waves become hazardous when they reach the coast. In South and Southeast Asian countries, coastal forest is widely utilized as a natural approach to mitigate tsunami damage. In this study, a depth-integrated numerical model was established to simulate wave propagation in a coastal region with and without forest cover. This numerical model was based on a finite volume Roe-type scheme, and was developed to solve the governing equations with the option of treating either a wet or dry wave front boundary. The governing equations were modified by adding a drag force term caused by vegetation. First, the model was validated for the case of solitary wave (breaking and non-breaking) run-up and run-down on a sloping beach, and long periodic wave propagation was investigated on a partially vegetated beach. The simulated results agree well with the measured data. Further, tsunami wave propagation on an actual-scale slope covered by coastal forest Pandanus odoratissimus (P. odoratissimus) and Casuarina equisetifolia (C. equisetifolia) was simulated to elucidate the influence of vegetation on tsunami mitigation with a different forest open gap. The numerical results revealed that coastal vegetation on sloping beach has significant potential to mitigate the impacts from tsunami waves by acting as a buffer zone. Coastal vegetation with open gaps causes the peak flow velocity at the exit of the gap to increase, and reduces the peak flow velocity behind the forest. Compared to a forest with open gaps in a linear arrangement, specific arrangements of gaps in the forest can increase the energy attenuation from tsunami wave. The results also showed that different cost-effective natural strategies in varying forest parameters including vegetation collocations, densities, and growth stages had significant impacts in reducing the severity of tsunami damage.

scholarly journals Estimates of Amplitude Characteristics of Tsunami Wave Run-Up in Various Areas of the Black Sea Coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Belokon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Run Up

This paper is devoted to computational modelling of tsunami wave propagation and runup to the shore for some points on the Russian, Turkish, Bulgarian and Ukrainian coasts of the Black Sea. The nonlinear long wave model was used to solve the problem of wave propagation from hydrodynamic tsunami sources, which can constitute the greatest potential danger for the studied coast areas. The hydrodynamic sources were set in the form of an elliptical elevation, the parameters of which were chosen according to the sea level response to an underwater earthquake of magnitude 7. All the sources were located in seismically active areas, where tsunamigenic earthquakes had already occurred, along the 1500 m isobath. Near each of the studied points in the area above 300 m depths, we calculated marigrams, i.e. time-series of sea level fluctuations caused by the passage of waves. Then, a one-dimensional problem of tsunami propagation and run-up on the coast was solved for each of the points under study, where the obtained marigrams were used as boundary conditions. Peculiarities of tsunami wave propagation have been shown depending on the bottom and land relief in the studied areas of the Black Sea. Estimates have been obtained of the sea level maximum rise and fall during surge and subsequent coastal drainage for the characteristic scales of relief irregularity at different points. For possible tsunamigenic earthquakes, the largest splashes may occur in the region of Yalta (2.15 m), Cide (1.9 m), Sevastopol (1.4 m), and Anapa (1.4 m). Tsunami propagation in the Feodosiya and Varna coastal areas is qualitatively similar, with maximum wave heights of 0.64 m and 0.46 m, respectively. The coastlines of Evpatoriya (0.33 m) and Odessa (0.26 m) are least affected by tsunami waves due to the extended shelf.

scholarly journals Effective coastal boundary conditions for tsunami wave run-up over sloping bathymetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kristina ◽  
O. Bokhove ◽  
E. van Groesen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Effective Boundary ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Effective Boundary Condition ◽  
Run Up

Abstract. An effective boundary condition (EBC) is introduced as a novel technique for predicting tsunami wave run-up along the coast, and offshore wave reflections. Numerical modeling of tsunami propagation in the coastal zone has been a daunting task, since high accuracy is needed to capture aspects of wave propagation in the shallower areas. For example, there are complicated interactions between incoming and reflected waves due to the bathymetry and intrinsically nonlinear phenomena of wave propagation. If a fixed wall boundary condition is used at a certain shallow depth contour, the reflection properties can be unrealistic. To alleviate this, we explore a so-called effective boundary condition, developed here in one spatial dimension. From the deep ocean to a seaward boundary, i.e., in the simulation area, we model wave propagation numerically over real bathymetry using either the linear dispersive variational Boussinesq or the shallow water equations. We measure the incoming wave at this seaward boundary, and model the wave dynamics towards the shoreline analytically, based on nonlinear shallow water theory over bathymetry with a constant slope. We calculate the run-up heights at the shore and the reflection caused by the slope. The reflected wave is then influxed back into the simulation area using the EBC. The coupling between the numerical and analytic dynamics in the two areas is handled using variational principles, which leads to (approximate) conservation of the overall energy in both areas. We verify our approach in a series of numerical test cases of increasing complexity, including a case akin to tsunami propagation to the coastline at Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Analysis of Tsunami Wave Height, Run-up, and Inundation in The Coastal of Blitar and Malang Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 936 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Haryo Dwito Armono ◽  
Adryanto Rama Putra ◽  
Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The People ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Earthquake Potential ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Maximum Tsunami Height

Abstract Indonesia is an archipelago located at the meeting point of 3 tectonic plates which constantly collide over time, the energy due to the collision will accumulate and be able to cause large earthquakes that can generate tsunamis. The island of Java is in the subduction zone of these plates, which causes the southern part of Java to have a high earthquake potential. On April 10, 2021, an earthquake measuring M 6.1 occurred in the south of Blitar and Malang. This earthquake was felt by most of the people of East Java, If the earthquake is large enough, it can cause a tsunami on the southern coast of East Java. Therefore, modeling was carried out using the FLOW module of Delft3D software while using earthquake parameters with a strength of M 9.1 which is the worst possible scenario on the southern coast of East Java. The results of this study indicate the fastest tsunami arrival time is 21 minutes, the highest maximum tsunami height is 20 meters, the highest run-up reaches 17,5 meters, and the furthest inundation reaches 765 meters along the southern coast of Blitar and Malang Regency.

scholarly journals Effective coastal boundary conditions for tsunami wave run-up over sloping bathymetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-369
Author(s):  
W. Kristina ◽  
O. Bokhove ◽  
E. van Groesen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Effective Boundary ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Effective Boundary Condition ◽  
Run Up

Abstract. An effective boundary condition (EBC) is introduced as a novel technique to predict tsunami wave run-up along the coast and offshore wave reflections. Numerical modeling of tsunami propagation at the coastal zone has been a daunting task since high accuracy is needed to capture aspects of wave propagation in the more shallow areas. For example, there are complicated interactions between incoming and reflected waves due to the bathymetry and intrinsically nonlinear phenomena of wave propagation. If a fixed wall boundary condition is used at a certain shallow depth contour, the reflection properties can be unrealistic. To alleviate this, we explore a so-called effective boundary condition, developed here in one spatial dimension. From the deep ocean to a seaward boundary, i.e., in the simulation area, we model wave propagation numerically over real bathymetry using either the linear dispersive variational Boussinesq or the shallow water equations. We measure the incoming wave at this seaward boundary, and model the wave dynamics towards the shoreline analytically, based on nonlinear shallow water theory over sloping bathymetry. We calculate the run-up heights at the shore and the reflection caused by the slope. The reflected wave is then influxed back into the simulation area using the EBC. The coupling between the numerical and analytic dynamics in the two areas is handled using variational principles, which leads to (approximate) conservation of the overall energy in both areas. We verify our approach in a series of numerical test cases of increasing complexity, including a case akin to tsunami propagation to the coastline at Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Two-Layer Non-Hydrostatic Scheme for Simulations of Wave Runup

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 1941004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ginting ◽  
S. R. Pudjaprasetya ◽  
D. Adytia
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Solitary Wave ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Harmonic Wave ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Wave Simulation ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Sloping Beach

There are indisputable research supporting scientific argument that propagation of (tsunami) wave from intermediate depth towards shallower coastal area needs dispersive wave model. For tsunami wave simulation, efficiency of the numerical scheme is an important issue. In this paper, the two-layer non-hydrostatic model as developed previously in Pudjaprasetya et al. [2017] “A non-hydrostatic two-layer staggered scheme for transient waves due to anti-symmetric seabed thrust,” J. Earthquake Tsunami  11, 1–17, to study tsunami generation and propagation, is adopted. Restricting to 1+1 dimension, here, we focus on the performance of the scheme in simulating wave propagation in coastal areas, in particular predicting the run-up height. First, we conducted a simulation of harmonic wave over a sloping beach to conform the analytical shoreline motion by Carrier and Greenspan [1958] “Water waves of finite amplitude on a sloping beach,” J. Fluid Mech.  4, 97–109. The ability of the scheme in accommodating dispersion and non-linearity were shown via simulation of a solitary wave that propagates over a flat bottom. This solitary wave simulation provides an evaluation of the convergence aspect of the model. Further, several benchmark tests were conducted; a solitary wave over a sloping beach to mimic the experimental data by Synolakis [1986] “The run-up of solitary waves,” J. Fluid Mech.  185, 523–545, as well as solitary wave over a composite beach. Good agreement with laboratory data was obtained in terms of wave signal, whereas for relatively low amplitude, the solitary run-up height conforms the analytical formula. Moreover, the scheme is tested for simulating the Beji–Battjes experiment Beji, S. and Battjes, J. A. [1993] “Experimental investigation of wave propagation over a bar,” Coast. Eng.  19, 151–162. As well as wave focusing experiment by Kurnia et al. [2015] “Simulations for design and reconstruction of breaking waves in a wavetank,” Proc. ASME 2015 34th Int. Conf. Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Newfoundland, Canada, 31 May–5 June 2015, pp. 2–7.

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