CargO-S: A pattern-based well-founded legal domain ontology for the traceability of goods in logistic sea corridors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Mirna El Ghosh ◽  
Habib Abdulrab
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Domain Ontology ◽  
Ontology Engineering ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Foundational Ontology ◽  
Core Ontology ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
Ontology Reuse

Building legal domain ontologies is a prominent challenge in the ontology engineering community. The ontology builders confront issues such as the complexity of the legal domain, the difficulty of applying existing ontology engineering approaches, and the intention of developing legal models faithful to realities. In this paper, we discuss constructing a well-founded legal domain ontology, named CargO-S, for the traceability of goods in logistic sea corridors. For building CargO-S, a pattern-oriented approach is applied, supported by ontology-driven conceptual modeling, ontology layering, and ontology reuse processes. CargO-S is grounded in the unified foundational ontology UFO by using the ontology-driven conceptual modeling language OntoUML. Besides, ontology layering is proposed to simplify the development process by dividing CargO-S into three layers located at different granularity levels: upper, core, and domain. For building the upper and core layers, conceptual ontology patterns are reused from the foundational ontology UFO and the legal core ontology UFO-L. These patterns are applied, either by extension or analogy with legal rules, for building the domain layer. CargO-S is then validated by implementing the ontology as OWL and SWRL rules. Finally, the performance and the semantic accuracy of CargO-S are evaluated using a dual evaluation approach.

scholarly journals Capturing the Basics of the GDPR in a Well-Founded Legal Domain Modular Ontology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna El Ghosh ◽  
Habib Abdulrab
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Process Ontology ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Modular Ontology ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
Ontology Reuse

The primary goal of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is to regulate the rights and duties of citizens and organizations over personal data protection. Implementing the GDPR is recently gaining much importance for legal reasoning and compliance checking purposes. In this work, we aim to capture the basics of GDPR in a well-founded legal domain modular ontology named OPPD (Ontology for the Protection of Personal Data). Ontology-Driven Conceptual Modeling (ODCM), ontology layering, modularization, and reuse processes are applied. These processes aim to support the ontology engineer in overcoming the complexity of the legal knowledge and developing an ontology model faithful to reality. ODCM is used for grounding OPPD in the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). Ontology modularization and layering aim to simplify the ontology building process. Ontology reuse focuses on selecting and reusing Conceptual Ontology Patterns (COPs) from UFO and the legal core ontology UFO-L. OPPD intends to overcome the lack of a representation of legal procedures that most ontologies encountered. The potential use of OPPD is proposed to formalize the GDPR rules by combining ontological reasoning and Logic Programming.

scholarly journals Ontology-Based Liability Decision Support in the International Maritime Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna El Ghosh ◽  
Habib Abdulrab
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Liability Rule ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
Core Ontologies ◽  
Procedural Aspect

In this paper, we present an ontology-based liability decision support task in the international maritime law, specifically the domain of carriage of goods by sea. We analyze the liabilities of the involved legal agents (carriers and shippers) in case of loss or damage of goods. Thus, a well-founded legal domain ontology, named CargO-S, is used. CargO-S has been developed using an ontology-driven conceptual modeling process, supported by reusing foundational and legal core ontologies. In this work, we demonstrate the usability of CargO-S to design and implement a set of chained rules describing the procedural aspect of the liabilities legal rules. Finally, we employ these rules in a liability rule-based decision support task using a real case study.

UFO: Unified Foundational Ontology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Guizzardi ◽  
Alessander Botti Benevides ◽  
Claudenir M. Fonseca ◽  
Daniele Porello ◽  
João Paulo A. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
International Forum ◽  
Current State ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Foundational Ontology

The Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) was developed over the last two decades by consistently putting together theories from areas such as formal ontology in philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophical logics. It comprises a number of micro-theories addressing fundamental conceptual modeling notions, including entity types and relationship types. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current state of UFO, presenting a formalization of the ontology, along with the analysis of a number of cases to illustrate the application of UFO and facilitate its comparison with other foundational ontologies in this special issue. (The cases originate from the First FOUST Workshop – the Foundational Stance, an international forum dedicated to Foundational Ontology research.)

Some Applications of a Unified Foundational Ontology in Business Modeling

2011 ◽  
pp. 345-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Guizzardi ◽  
Gerd Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Business Modeling ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Foundational Ontology ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
And Linguistics

Foundational ontologies provide the basic concepts upon which any domain-specific ontology is built. This chapter presents a new foundational ontology, UFO, and shows how it can be used as a guideline in business modeling and for evaluating business modeling methods. UFO is derived from a synthesis of two other foundational ontologies, GFO/GOL and OntoClean/DOLCE. While their main areas of application are natural sciences and linguistics/cognitive engineering, respectively, the main purpose of UFO is to provide a foundation for conceptual modeling, including business modeling.

scholarly journals Describing and Visualizing a Water–Energy–Food Nexus System

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Endo ◽  
Terukazu Kumazawa ◽  
Michinori Kimura ◽  
Makoto Yamada ◽  
Takaaki Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Domain Ontology ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Ontology Engineering ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Future Challenges

The objective of this study is to describe a target water–energy–food (WEF) nexus domain world including causal linkages and trade-off relationships between WEF resources and their stakeholders, and to develop a WEF nexus system map as an interdisciplinary tool used for understanding the subsequent complexity of WEF nexus systems. An ontology engineering method, which is a qualitative method, was applied for the replicability of the WEF nexus domain ontology and the map, because ontology engineering is a method of semantic web development for enhancing the compatibility of qualitative descriptions logically or objectively. The WEF nexus system map has three underlying concepts: (1) systems thinking, (2) holistic thinking, and (3) an integrated approach at an operational level, according to the hypothesis that the chains of changes in linkages between water, energy, and food resources holistically and systemically affect the WEF nexus system, including natural and social systems, both temporally and spatially. This study is significant because it allows us to (1) develop the WEF nexus domain ontology database, including defining the concepts and sub-concepts of trade-offs relating to WEF for the replicability of this study; (2) integrate the qualitative ontology method and quantitative network analysis method to identify key concepts serving as linkage hubs in the WEF nexus domain ontology; and (3) visualize human–nature interactions such as linkages between water, energy, and food resources and their stakeholders in social and natural systems. This paper also discusses future challenges in the application of the map for a science–policy–society interface.

Ontology-Based Cross-Application Rights System Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 439-440 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Jun Wu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Domain Ontology ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Rights Management ◽  
User Friendly

Aiming at the existing of a large number of distributed and heterogeneous application systems cross-application of rights management issues, the deficiencies of traditional rights management system, which in the aspect of the formal semantics supporting and reasoning abilities, are analyzed. In the rights management of cross-applications, the concept of domain ontology is introduced; a rights management system model is presented, which is based on the domain ontology cross-applications, for permission ontology to conduct a conceptual modeling and formal description of semantics, an increase of semantic reasoning ability, rich in the corresponding access control mechanisms to provide a user-friendly structure interface.

scholarly journals GRALD: an Approach for Goal and Risk Analysis in the Development of Information Systems for the Web of Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marcio Louzada De Freitas ◽  
Renata Silva Souza Guizzardi ◽  
Vítor Estêvão Silva Souza
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Domain Ontology ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Web Of Data ◽  
The Web

The publication of Linked Data on the Web regarding several application domains leads to new problems related to Requirements Engineering, which needs to take into account aspects related to new ways of developing systems and delivering information integrated with the Web of Data. Tasks such as (functional and non-functional) requirements elicitation and ontology-based conceptual modeling can be applied to the development of systems that publish Linked Data, in order to obtain a better shared conceptualization (i.e., a domain ontology) of the published data. The use of vocabularies is an intrinsic activity when publishing or consuming Linked Data and their choice can be supported by the elicited requirements and domain ontology. However, it is important to assess the risk when choosing external vocabularies, as their use can lead to problems, such as misinterpretation of meanings due to poor documentation, connection timeouts due to infrastructure problems, etc. Thus, risk identification, modeling and analysis techniques can be employed, in order to identify risks and their impacts on stakeholder goals. In this work, we propose GRALD: Goals and Risks Analysis for Linked Data, an approach for modeling goals and risks for information systems for the Web of Data.

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